Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 2/2014

01-04-2014 | Original Article

Anthropometry of the Breast Region: How to Measure?

Authors: Paulo R. Quieregatto, Bernardo Hochman, Soraia F. Ferrara, Fabianne Furtado, Richard E. Liebano, Miguel Sabino Neto, Lydia M. Ferreira

Published in: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery | Issue 2/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Breast region measurements are important for research, but they may also become significant in the legal field as a quantitative tool for preoperative and postoperative evaluation. Direct anthropometric measurements can be taken in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to compare direct breast anthropometric measurements taken with a tape measure and a compass.

Methods

Forty women, aged 18–60 years, were evaluated. They had 14 anatomical landmarks marked on the breast region and arms. The union of these points formed eight linear segments and one angle for each side of the body. The volunteers were evaluated by direct anthropometry in a standardized way, using a tape measure and a compass.

Results

Differences were found between the tape measure and the compass measurements for all segments analyzed (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Measurements obtained by tape measure and compass are not identical. Therefore, once the measurement tool is chosen, it should be used for the pre- and postoperative measurements in a standardized way.

Level of Evidence IV

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.​springer.​com/​00266.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Nechala P, Mahoney J, Farkas L (1999) Digital two-dimensional photogrammetry: a comparision of the three techniques of obtaining digital photographs. Plast Reconstr Surg 103(7):1819–1825PubMedCrossRef Nechala P, Mahoney J, Farkas L (1999) Digital two-dimensional photogrammetry: a comparision of the three techniques of obtaining digital photographs. Plast Reconstr Surg 103(7):1819–1825PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Hochman B, Castilho HT, Ferreira LM (2002) Padronização fotográfica e morfométrica na fotogrametria computadorizada do nariz. Acta Cir Bras 17(4):258–266CrossRef Hochman B, Castilho HT, Ferreira LM (2002) Padronização fotográfica e morfométrica na fotogrametria computadorizada do nariz. Acta Cir Bras 17(4):258–266CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Ward CM (1979) An analysis, from photographs, of the results of four approaches to elongating the columella after repair of bilateral cleft lip. Plast Reconstr Surg 64(1):68–75PubMedCrossRef Ward CM (1979) An analysis, from photographs, of the results of four approaches to elongating the columella after repair of bilateral cleft lip. Plast Reconstr Surg 64(1):68–75PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Westreich M (1999) Anthropomorphic breast measurement: protocol and results in 50 women with aesthetically perfect breast and clinical application. Cosmetic 100(2):468–479 Westreich M (1999) Anthropomorphic breast measurement: protocol and results in 50 women with aesthetically perfect breast and clinical application. Cosmetic 100(2):468–479
6.
go back to reference Smith DJ, Palin WE, Katch U, Bennett JE (1986) Surgical treatment of congenital breast asymmetry. Ann Plast Surg 17(2):92–101PubMedCrossRef Smith DJ, Palin WE, Katch U, Bennett JE (1986) Surgical treatment of congenital breast asymmetry. Ann Plast Surg 17(2):92–101PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Brown TP, Ringrose RE, Hyland AA, Brotherston TM (1999) A method of assessing female breast morphometry and its clinical application. Br J Plast Surg 52:355–359PubMedCrossRef Brown TP, Ringrose RE, Hyland AA, Brotherston TM (1999) A method of assessing female breast morphometry and its clinical application. Br J Plast Surg 52:355–359PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Odo LM (2009) Avaliação do tratamento cirúrgico da assimetria mamária por meio de medidas lineares. Arq Catarin Med 38(Suppl 1):43–45 Odo LM (2009) Avaliação do tratamento cirúrgico da assimetria mamária por meio de medidas lineares. Arq Catarin Med 38(Suppl 1):43–45
9.
go back to reference Roebuck JA Jr, Kroemer KH, Thomson WG (1975) Engineering anthropometry methods, 1st edn. Wiley, New York Roebuck JA Jr, Kroemer KH, Thomson WG (1975) Engineering anthropometry methods, 1st edn. Wiley, New York
10.
go back to reference Smith DJ, Palin WE, Katch U, Bennett JE (1986) Breast volume and anthropomorphic measurements: normal values. Plast Reconstr Surg 78(3):331–335PubMedCrossRef Smith DJ, Palin WE, Katch U, Bennett JE (1986) Breast volume and anthropomorphic measurements: normal values. Plast Reconstr Surg 78(3):331–335PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Malata CM, Boot JC, Bradbury ET, Ramli AR, Sharpe DT (1994) Congenital breast asymmetry: subjective and objective assessment. Br J Plast Surg 47(2):95–102PubMedCrossRef Malata CM, Boot JC, Bradbury ET, Ramli AR, Sharpe DT (1994) Congenital breast asymmetry: subjective and objective assessment. Br J Plast Surg 47(2):95–102PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Kouchi M, Mochimaru M, Tsuzuki K, Yokoi T (1996) Random errors in anthropometry. J Hum Ergol 25(2):155–166 Kouchi M, Mochimaru M, Tsuzuki K, Yokoi T (1996) Random errors in anthropometry. J Hum Ergol 25(2):155–166
13.
go back to reference Loughry CW, Sheffer DB, Price TE, Einsporn RL, Bartfai RG, Morek WM, Meli NM (1989) Breast volume measurement of 598 women using biostereometric analysis. Ann Plast Surg 22(5):380–385PubMedCrossRef Loughry CW, Sheffer DB, Price TE, Einsporn RL, Bartfai RG, Morek WM, Meli NM (1989) Breast volume measurement of 598 women using biostereometric analysis. Ann Plast Surg 22(5):380–385PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Qiao Q, Zhou G, Ling Y (1997) Breast volume measurement in young Chinese women and clinical applications. Aesthetic Plast Surg 21(5):362–368PubMedCrossRef Qiao Q, Zhou G, Ling Y (1997) Breast volume measurement in young Chinese women and clinical applications. Aesthetic Plast Surg 21(5):362–368PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Sigurdson LJ, Kirkland SA (2006) Breast volume determination in breast hypertrophy: an accurate method using two anthropomorphic measurements. Plast Reconstr Surg 118(2):313–320PubMedCrossRef Sigurdson LJ, Kirkland SA (2006) Breast volume determination in breast hypertrophy: an accurate method using two anthropomorphic measurements. Plast Reconstr Surg 118(2):313–320PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Denoel C, Aguirre MF, Bianco G, Mahaudens PH, Vanwijck R, Garson S, Sinna R, Debrun A (2009) Idiopathic scoliosis and breast asymmetry. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 62(10):1303–1308PubMedCrossRef Denoel C, Aguirre MF, Bianco G, Mahaudens PH, Vanwijck R, Garson S, Sinna R, Debrun A (2009) Idiopathic scoliosis and breast asymmetry. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 62(10):1303–1308PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Pozzobon AV, Sabino Neto M, Veiga DF, Abla LE, Pereira JB, Biase TL, Ferreira LM et al (2009) Magnetic resonance images and linear measurements in the surgical treatment of breast asymmetry. Aesthetic Plast Surg 33(2):196–203PubMedCrossRef Pozzobon AV, Sabino Neto M, Veiga DF, Abla LE, Pereira JB, Biase TL, Ferreira LM et al (2009) Magnetic resonance images and linear measurements in the surgical treatment of breast asymmetry. Aesthetic Plast Surg 33(2):196–203PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Vandeput JJ, Nelissen M (2002) Considerations on anthropometric measurements of the female breast. Aesthetic Plast Surg 26(5):348–355PubMedCrossRef Vandeput JJ, Nelissen M (2002) Considerations on anthropometric measurements of the female breast. Aesthetic Plast Surg 26(5):348–355PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Kim MS, Reece GP, Beahm EK, Miller MJ, Atkinson EN, Markey MK (2007) Objective assessment of aesthetic outcomes of breast cancer treatment: measuring ptosis from clinical photographs. Comput Biol Med 37(1):49–59PubMedCrossRef Kim MS, Reece GP, Beahm EK, Miller MJ, Atkinson EN, Markey MK (2007) Objective assessment of aesthetic outcomes of breast cancer treatment: measuring ptosis from clinical photographs. Comput Biol Med 37(1):49–59PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Agbenorku P, Agbenorku M, Iddi A, Amevor E, Sefenu R, Osei D (2011) Measurements of breasts of young West African females: a guideline in anatomical landmarks for adolescent breast surgery. Aesthetic Plast Surg 35(1):49–54PubMedCrossRef Agbenorku P, Agbenorku M, Iddi A, Amevor E, Sefenu R, Osei D (2011) Measurements of breasts of young West African females: a guideline in anatomical landmarks for adolescent breast surgery. Aesthetic Plast Surg 35(1):49–54PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Liu YJ, Thomson JG (2011) Ideal anthropomorphic values of the female breast. Ann Plast Surg 67(1):9–11CrossRef Liu YJ, Thomson JG (2011) Ideal anthropomorphic values of the female breast. Ann Plast Surg 67(1):9–11CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Anthropometry of the Breast Region: How to Measure?
Authors
Paulo R. Quieregatto
Bernardo Hochman
Soraia F. Ferrara
Fabianne Furtado
Richard E. Liebano
Miguel Sabino Neto
Lydia M. Ferreira
Publication date
01-04-2014
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery / Issue 2/2014
Print ISSN: 0364-216X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-5241
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-014-0291-9

Other articles of this Issue 2/2014

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 2/2014 Go to the issue