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International Orthopaedics

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01-09-2013 | Original Paper

The pictogram of the pes planus from the first century AD

Authors: Mario Wokaunn, Stella Fatović- Ferenčić, Michele Mikolaučić

Published in: International Orthopaedics | Issue 9/2013

Abstract

Purpose

This study presents a pictogram engraved into the Marble Road of the ancient town of Ephesus, with a special emphasis on one part of it which represents a flat foot. Although the flat foot is a widespread and common disturbance in all time periods, we were motivated by a lack of its representation within iconographical, historical or other sources.

Method

Aiming to confirm the diagnosis objectively we applied the modern diagnostic methodology, arch index (AI). The result was 0.33, which is a mathematical proof that the Ephesus foot is definitely flat.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this picture from the first century AD is among the oldest representations of a flat foot in history.

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Title: The pictogram of the pes planus from the first century AD
Authors: Mario Wokaunn
Stella Fatović- Ferenčić
Michele Mikolaučić
Publication date: 01-09-2013
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: International Orthopaedics / Issue 9/2013
Print ISSN: 0341-2695
Electronic ISSN: 1432-5195
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-013-2020-4

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

The pictogram of the pes planus from the first century AD

Abstract

Purpose

Method

Conclusion

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Method

Conclusion

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