Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
Published in: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 3/2006

01-03-2006 | Symposium in Writing

Dynamic control of lymphocyte trafficking by fever-range thermal stress

Authors: Qing Chen, Daniel T. Fisher, Sylvia A. Kucinska, Wan-Chao Wang, Sharon S. Evans

Published in: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy | Issue 3/2006

Login to get access

Abstract

Migration of blood-borne lymphocytes into tissues involves a tightly orchestrated sequence of adhesion events. Adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors on the surface of circulating lymphocytes initiate contact with specialized endothelial cells under hemodynamic shear prior to extravasation across the vascular barrier into tissues. Lymphocyte–endothelial adhesion occurs preferentially in high endothelial venules (HEV) of peripheral lymphoid organs. The continuous recirculation of naïve and central memory lymphocytes across lymph node and Peyer’s patch HEV underlies immune surveillance and immune homeostasis. Lymphocyte–endothelial interactions are markedly enhanced in HEV-like vessels of extralymphoid organs during physiological responses associated with acute and chronic inflammation. Similar adhesive mechanisms must be invoked for efficient trafficking of immune effector cells to tumor sites in order for the immune system to have an impact on tumor progression. Here we discuss recent evidence for the role of fever-range thermal stress in promoting lymphocyte–endothelial adhesion and trafficking across HEV in peripheral lymphoid organs. Findings are also presented that support the hypothesis that lymphocyte–endothelial interactions are limited within tumor microenvironments. Further understanding of the molecular mechanisms that dynamically promote lymphocyte trafficking in HEV may provide the basis for novel approaches to improve recruitment of immune effector cells to tumor sites.
Literature
1.
Girard JP, Springer TA (1995) High endothelial venules (HEVs): specialized endothelium for lymphocyte migration. Immunol Today 16:449–457PubMedCrossRef
2.
3.
Miyasaka M, Tanaka T (2004) Lymphocyte trafficking across high endothelial venules: dogmas and enigmas. Nat Rev Immunol 4:360–370PubMedCrossRef
4.
Butcher EC, Williams M, Youngman K, Rott L, Briskin M (1999) Lymphocyte trafficking and regional immunity. Adv Immunol 72:209–253PubMed
5.
Springer TA (1994) Traffic signals for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte emigration: the multistep paradigm. Cell 76:301–314PubMedCrossRef
6.
von Andrian UH, Mempel TR (2003) Homing and cellular traffic in lymph nodes. Nat Rev Immunol 3:867–878CrossRef
7.
Warnock RA, Askari S, Butcher EC, von Andrian UH (1998) Molecular mechanisms of lymphocyte homing to peripheral lymph nodes. J Exp Med 187:205–216PubMedCrossRef
8.
von Andrian UH (1996) Intravital microscopy of the peripheral lymph node microcirculation in mice. Microcirculation 3:287–300
9.
Mempel TR, Henrickson SE, Von Andrian UH (2004) T-cell priming by dendritic cells in lymph nodes occurs in three distinct phases. Nature 427:154–159PubMedCrossRef
10.
Sumen C, Mempel TR, Mazo IB, von Andrian UH (2004) Intravital microscopy: visualizing immunity in context. Immunity 21:315–329PubMed
11.
van Zante A, Gauguet JM, Bistrup A, Tsay D, von Andrian UH, Rosen SD (2003) Lymphocyte-HEV interactions in lymph nodes of a sulfotransferase-deficient mouse. J Exp Med 198:1289–1300PubMedCrossRef
12.
Scimone ML, Felbinger TW, Mazo IB, Stein JV, Von Andrian UH, Weninger W (2004) CXCL12 mediates CCR7-independent homing of central memory cells, but not naive T cells, in peripheral lymph nodes. J Exp Med 199:1113–1120PubMedCrossRef
13.
Sallusto F, Mackay CR, Lanzavecchia A (2000) The role of chemokine receptors in primary, effector, and memory immune responses. Annu Rev Immunol 18:593–620PubMedCrossRef
14.
Wang WC, Goldman LM, Schleider DM, Appenheimer MM, Subjeck JR, Repasky EA, Evans SS (1998) Fever-range hyperthermia enhances L-selectin-dependent adhesion of lymphocytes to vascular endothelium. J Immunol 160:961–969PubMed
15.
Evans SS, Schleider DM, Bowman LA, Francis ML, Kansas GS, Black JD (1999) Dynamic association of L-selectin with the lymphocyte cytoskeletal matrix. J Immunol 162:3615–3624PubMed
16.
Rosen SD (2004) Ligands for L-selectin: homing, inflammation, and beyond. Annu Rev Immunol 22:129–156PubMedCrossRef
17.
Streeter PR, Berg EL, Rouse BT, Bargatze RF, Butcher EC (1988) A tissue-specific endothelial cell molecule involved in lymphocyte homing. Nature 331:41–46PubMedCrossRef
18.
Streeter PR, Rouse BT, Butcher EC (1988) Immunohistologic and functional characterization of a vascular addressin involved in lymphocyte homing into peripheral lymph nodes. J Cell Biol 107:1853–1862PubMedCrossRef
19.
Springer TA (1995) Traffic signals on endothelium for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte emigration. Annu Rev Physiol 57:827–872PubMedCrossRef
20.
Stein JV, Rot A, Luo Y, Narasimhaswamy M, Nakano H, Gunn MD, Matsuzawa A, Quackenbush EJ, Dorf ME, von Andrian UH (2000) The CC chemokine thymus-derived chemotactic agent 4 (TCA-4, secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine, 6Ckine, exodus-2) triggers lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1-mediated arrest of rolling T lymphocytes in peripheral lymph node high endothelial venules. J Exp Med 191:61–76PubMedCrossRef
21.
Warnock RA, Campbell JJ, Dorf ME, Matsuzawa A, McEvoy LM, Butcher EC (2000) The role of chemokines in the microenvironmental control of T versus B cell arrest in Peyer’s patch high endothelial venules. J Exp Med 191:77–88PubMedCrossRef
22.
Mempel TR, Scimone ML, Mora JR, von Andrian UH (2004) In vivo imaging of leukocyte trafficking in blood vessels and tissues. Curr Opin Immunol 16:406–417PubMedCrossRef
23.
Campbell JJ, Butcher EC (2000) Chemokines in tissue-specific and microenvironment-specific lymphocyte homing. Curr Opin Immunol 12:336–341PubMedCrossRef
24.
Aurrand-Lions M, Duncan L, Ballestrem C, Imhof BA (2001) JAM-2, a novel immunoglobulin superfamily molecule, expressed by endothelial and lymphatic cells. J Biol Chem 276:2733–2741PubMedCrossRef
25.
Ostermann G, Weber KS, Zernecke A, Schroder A, Weber C (2002) JAM-1 is a ligand of the beta(2) integrin LFA-1 involved in transendothelial migration of leukocytes. Nat Immunol 3:151–158PubMedCrossRef
26.
Ruddle NH (1999) Lymphoid neo-organogenesis: lymphotoxin’s role in inflammation and development. Immunol Res 19:119–125PubMedCrossRef
27.
Hjelmstrom P (2001) Lymphoid neogenesis: de novo formation of lymphoid tissue in chronic inflammation through expression of homing chemokines. J Leukoc Biol 69:331–339PubMed
28.
Pober JS (2002) Endothelial activation: intracellular signaling pathways. Arthritis Res 4(Suppl3):S109–S116PubMedCrossRef
29.
Pober JS, Cotran RS (1990) Cytokines and endothelial cell biology. Physiol Rev 70:427–451PubMed
30.
Weninger W, Carlsen HS, Goodarzi M, Moazed F, Crowley MA, Baekkevold ES, Cavanagh LL, von Andrian UH (2003) Naive T cell recruitment to nonlymphoid tissues: a role for endothelium-expressed CC chemokine ligand 21 in autoimmune disease and lymphoid neogenesis. J Immunol 170:4638–4648PubMed
31.
Nanki T, Hayashida K, El-Gabalawy HS, Suson S, Shi K, Girschick HJ, Yavuz S, Lipsky PE (2000) Stromal cell-derived factor-1-CXC chemokine receptor 4 interactions play a central role in CD4+ T cell accumulation in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. J Immunol 165:6590–6598PubMed
32.
Buckley CD, Amft N, Bradfield PF, Pilling D, Ross E, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Amara A, Curnow SJ, Lord JM, Scheel-Toellner D, Salmon M (2000) Persistent induction of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 by TGF-beta 1 on synovial T cells contributes to their accumulation within the rheumatoid synovium. J Immunol 165:3423–3429PubMed
33.
Kluger MJ, Kozak W, Conn CA, Leon LR, Soszynski D (1998) Role of fever in disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 856:224–233PubMedCrossRef
34.
Hasday JD, Fairchild KD, Shanholtz C (2000) The role of fever in the infected host. Microbes Infect 2:1891–1904PubMedCrossRef
35.
Appenheimer MM, Chen Q, Girard RA, Wang WC, Evans SS (2005) Impact of fever-range thermal stress on lymphocyte-endothelial adhesion and lymphocyte trafficking. Immunol Invest (in press)
36.
Pritchard MT, Ostberg JR, Evans SS, Burd R, Kraybill W, Bull JM, Repasky EA (2004) Protocols for simulating the thermal component of fever: preclinical and clinical experience. Methods 32:54–62PubMedCrossRef
37.
Kraybill WG, Olenki T, Evans SS, Ostberg JR, O’Leary KA, Gibbs JF, Repasky EA (2002) A phase I study of fever-range whole body hyperthermia (FR-WBH) in patients with advanced solid tumours: correlation with mouse models. Int J Hyperthermia 18:253–266PubMedCrossRef
38.
Evans SS, Wang WC, Bain MD, Burd R, Ostberg JR, Repasky EA (2001) Fever-range hyperthermia dynamically regulates lymphocyte delivery to high endothelial venules. Blood 97:2727–2733PubMedCrossRef
39.
Evans SS, Bain MD, Wang WC (2000) Fever-range hyperthermia stimulates α4β7 integrin-dependent lymphocyte-endothelial adhesion. Int J Hyperthermia 16:45–59PubMedCrossRef
40.
Shah A, Unger E, Bain MD, Bruce R, Bodkin J, Ginnetti J, Wang WC, Seon B, Stewart CC, Evans SS (2002) Cytokine and adhesion molecule expression in primary human endothelial cells stimulated with fever-range hyperthermia. Int J Hyperthermia 18:534–551PubMedCrossRef
41.
Chen Q, Wang WC, Bruce R, Li H, Schleider DM, Mulbury MJ, Bain MD, Wallace PK, Baumann H, Evans SS (2004) Central role of IL-6 receptor signal-transducing chain gp130 in activation of L-selectin adhesion by fever-range thermal stress. Immunity 20:59–70PubMedCrossRef
42.
Evans SS, Frey M, Schleider DM, Bruce R, Wang WC, Repasky EA, Appenheimer MM (1998) Regulation of leukocyte-endothelail cell interactions in tumor immunity. In: Croce MA (ed) The biology of tumors. Plenum Press, New York, pp 273–286
43.
Ostberg JR, Repasky EA (2000) Use of mild, whole body hyperthermia in cancer therapy. Immunol Invest 29:139–142PubMed
44.
Leid JG, Steeber DA, Tedder TF, Jutila MA (2001) Antibody binding to a conformation-dependent epitope induces L-selectin association with the detergent-resistant cytoskeleton. J Immunol 166:4899–4907PubMed
45.
Pavalko FM, Walker DM, Graham L, Goheen M, Doerschuk CM, Kansas GS (1995) The cytoplasmic domain of L-selectin interacts with cytoskeletal proteins via α-actinin: receptor positioning in microvilli does not require interaction with α-actinin. J Cell Biol 129:1155–1164PubMedCrossRef
46.
Kansas GS, Pavalko FM (1996) The cytoplasmic domains of E- and P-selectin do not constitutively interact with alpha-actinin and are not essential for leukocyte adhesion. J Immunol 157:321–325PubMed
47.
Dwir O, Kansas GS, Alon R (2001) Cytoplasmic anchorage of L-selectin controls leukocyte capture and rolling by increasing the mechanical stability of the selectin tether. J Cell Biol 155:145–156PubMedCrossRef
48.
Hirano T (1999) Molecular basis underlying functional pleiotropy of cytokines and growth factors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 260:303–308PubMedCrossRef
49.
Jones SA, Rose-John S (2002) The role of soluble receptors in cytokine biology: the agonistic properties of the sIL-6R/IL-6 complex. Biochim Biophys Acta 1592:251–263PubMedCrossRef
50.
Lauta VM (2003) A review of the cytokine network in multiple myeloma: diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. Cancer 97:2440–2452PubMedCrossRef
51.
Kluger MJ (1991) Fever: role of pyrogens and cryogens. Physiol Rev 71:93–127PubMed
52.
Ostberg JR, Taylor SL, Baumann H, Repasky EA (2000) Regulatory effects of fever-range whole-body hyperthermia on the LPS-induced acute inflammatory response. J Leukoc Biol 68:815–820PubMed
53.
Jiang Q, DeTolla L, van Rooijen N, Singh IS, Fitzgerald B, Lipsky MM, Kane AS, Cross AS, Hasday JD (1999) Febrile-range temperature modifies early systemic tumor necrosis factor alpha expression in mice challenged with bacterial endotoxin. Infect Immun 67:1539–1546PubMed
54.
Haveman J, Geerdink AG, Rodermond HM (1996) Cytokine production after whole body and localized hyperthermia. Int J Hyperthermia 12:791–800PubMedCrossRef
55.
Hasday JD, Bannerman D, Sakarya S, Cross AS, Singh IS, Howard D, Drysdale BE, Goldblum SE (2001) Exposure to febrile temperature modifies endothelial cell response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha. J Appl Physiol 90:90–98PubMed
56.
Marincola FM, Wang E, Herlyn M, Seliger B, Ferrone S (2003) Tumors as elusive targets of T-cell-based active immunotherapy. Trends Immunol 24:335–342PubMedCrossRef
57.
Spiotto MT, Fu YX, Schreiber H (2003) Tumor immunity meets autoimmunity: antigen levels and dendritic cell maturation. Curr Opin Immunol 15:725–730PubMedCrossRef
58.
Dunn GP, Old LJ, Schreiber RD (2004) The immunobiology of cancer immunosurveillance and immunoediting. Immunity 21:137–148PubMedCrossRef
59.
O’Garra A, Vieira P (2004) Regulatory T cells and mechanisms of immune system control. Nat Med 10:801–805PubMedCrossRef
60.
Curiel TJ, Coukos G, Zou L, Alvarez X, Cheng P, Mottram P, Evdemon-Hogan M, Conejo-Garcia JR, Zhang L, Burow M, Zhu Y, Wei S, Kryczek I, Daniel B, Gordon A, Myers L, Lackner A, Disis ML, Knutson KL, Chen L, Zou W (2004) Specific recruitment of regulatory T cells in ovarian carcinoma fosters immune privilege and predicts reduced survival. Nat Med 10:942–949PubMedCrossRef
61.
Brizel DM, Klitzman B, Cook JM, Edwards J, Rosner G, Dewhirst MW (1993) A comparison of tumor and normal tissue microvascular hematocrits and red cell fluxes in a rat window chamber model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 25:269–276PubMed
62.
Jain RK, Munn LL, Fukumura D (2002) Dissecting tumour pathophysiology using intravital microscopy. Nat Rev Cancer 2:266–276PubMedCrossRef
63.
Chambers AF, Groom AC, MacDonald IC (2002) Dissemination and growth of cancer cells in metastatic sites. Nat Rev Cancer 2:563–572PubMedCrossRef
64.
Carlos TM (2001) Leukocyte recruitment at sites of tumor: dissonant orchestration. J Leukoc Biol 70:171–184PubMed
65.
Chen Q, Wang WC, Evans SS (2003) Tumor microvasculature as a barrier to antitumor immunity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 52:670–679PubMedCrossRef
66.
Clark WH Jr, Elder DE, Guerry Dt, Braitman LE, Trock BJ, Schultz D, Synnestvedt M, Halpern AC (1989) Model predicting survival in stage I melanoma based on tumor progression. J Natl Cancer Inst 81:1893–1904PubMedCrossRef
67.
Johnson SK, Kerr KM, Chapman AD, Kennedy MM, King G, Cockburn JS, Jeffrey RR (2000) Immune cell infiltrates and prognosis in primary carcinoma of the lung. Lung Cancer 27:27–35PubMedCrossRef
68.
Ioachim HL (1976) The stromal reaction of tumors: an expression of immune surveillance. J Natl Cancer Inst 57:465PubMed
69.
Piali L, Fichtel A, Terpe HJ, Imhof BA, Gisler RH (1995) Endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 expression is suppressed by melanoma and carcinoma. J Exp Med 181:811–816PubMedCrossRef
70.
Salmi M, Grenman R, Grenman S, Nordman E, Jalkanen S (1995) Tumor endothelium selectively supports binding of IL-2-propagated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. J Immunol 154:6002–6012PubMed
71.
Nelson H, Ramsey PS, Donohue JH, Wold LE (1994) Cell adhesion molecule expression within the microvasculature of human colorectal malignancies. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 72:129–136PubMedCrossRef
72.
Kunz M, Toksoy A, Goebeler M, Engelhardt E, Brocker E, Gillitzer R (1999) Strong expression of the lymphoattractant C-X-C chemokine Mig is associated with heavy infiltration of T cells in human malignant melanoma. J Pathol 189:552–558PubMedCrossRef
73.
Elder DE, Guerry Dt, VanHorn M, Hurwitz S, Zehngebot L, Goldman LI, LaRossa D, Hamilton R, Bondi EE, Clark WH Jr (1985) The role of lymph node dissection for clinical stage I malignant melanoma of intermediate thickness (1.51–3.99 mm). Cancer 56:413–418PubMedCrossRef
74.
Smyth MJ, Cretney E, Kershaw MH, Hayakawa Y (2004) Cytokines in cancer immunity and immunotherapy. Immunol Rev 202:275–293PubMedCrossRef
75.
Vakkila J, Lotze MT (2004) Inflammation and necrosis promote tumour growth. Nat Rev Immunol 4:641–648PubMedCrossRef
76.
77.
Hanahan D (1985) Heritable formation of pancreatic beta-cell tumours in transgenic mice expressing recombinant insulin/simian virus 40 oncogenes. Nature 315:115–122PubMedCrossRef
78.
Onrust SV, Hartl PM, Rosen SD, Hanahan D (1996) Modulation of L-selectin ligand expression during an immune response accompanying tumorigenesis in transgenic mice. J Clin Invest 97:54–64PubMedCrossRef
79.
Ganss R, Ryschich E, Klar E, Arnold B, Hammerling GJ (2002) Combination of T-cell therapy and trigger of inflammation induces remodeling of the vasculature and tumor eradication. Cancer Res 62:1462–1470PubMed
80.
Garbi N, Arnold B, Gordon S, Hammerling GJ, Ganss R (2004) CpG motifs as proinflammatory factors render autochthonous tumors permissive for infiltration and destruction. J Immunol 172:5861–5869PubMed
81.
Ganss R, Limmer A, Sacher T, Arnold B, Hammerling GJ (1999) Autoaggression and tumor rejection: it takes more than self-specific T-cell activation. Immunol Rev 169:263–272PubMedCrossRef
82.
Ganss R, Hanahan D (1998) Tumor microenvironment can restrict the effectiveness of activated antitumor lymphocytes. Cancer Res 58:4673–4681PubMed
83.
Cao ZA, Daniel D, Hanahan D (2002) Sub-lethal radiation enhances anti-tumor immunotherapy in a transgenic mouse model of pancreatic cancer. BMC Cancer 2:11PubMedCrossRef
84.
Hemmi H, Takeuchi O, Kawai T, Kaisho T, Sato S, Sanjo H, Matsumoto M, Hoshino K, Wagner H, Takeda K, Akira S (2000) A toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA. Nature 408:740–745PubMedCrossRef
85.
Sacher T, Knolle P, Nichterlein T, Arnold B, Hammerling GJ, Limmer A (2002) CpG-ODN-induced inflammation is sufficient to cause T-cell-mediated autoaggression against hepatocytes. Eur J Immunol 32:3628–3637PubMedCrossRef
86.
Yu P, Lee Y, Liu W, Chin RK, Wang J, Wang Y, Schietinger A, Philip M, Schreiber H, Fu YX (2004) Priming of naive T cells inside tumors leads to eradication of established tumors. Nat Immunol 5:141–149PubMedCrossRef
87.
Burd R, Dziedzic TS, Xu Y, Caligiuri MA, Subjeck JR, Repasky EA (1998) Tumor cell apoptosis, lymphocyte recruitment and tumor vascular changes are induced by low temperature, long duration (fever-like) whole body hyperthermia. J Cell Physiol 177:137–147PubMedCrossRef
88.
Repasky EA, Tims E, Pritchard M, Burd R (1999) Characterization of mild whole-body hyperthermia protocols using human breast, ovarian, and colon tumors grown in severe combined immunodeficient mice. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 7:91–97PubMedCrossRef
89.
Wang XY, Kazim L, Repasky EA, Subjeck JR (2001) Characterization of heat shock protein 110 and glucose-regulated protein 170 as cancer vaccines and the effect of fever-range hyperthermia on vaccine activity. J Immunol 166:490–497PubMed
90.
Sakaguchi Y, Makino M, Kaneko T, Stephens LC, Strebel FR, Danhauser LL, Jenkins GN, Bull JM (1994) Therapeutic efficacy of long duration-low temperature whole body hyperthermia when combined with tumor necrosis factor and carboplatin in rats. Cancer Res 54:2223–2227PubMed
91.
von Andrian UH, M’Rini C (1998) In situ analysis of lymphocyte migration to lymph nodes. Cell Adhes Commun 6:85–96CrossRef
92.
Wu NZ, Klitzman B, Dodge R, Dewhirst MW (1992) Diminished leukocyte-endothelium interaction in tumor microvessels. Cancer Res 52:4265–4268PubMed
93.
Papenfuss HD, Gross JF, Intaglietta M, Treese FA (1979) A transparent access chamber for the rat dorsal skin fold. Microvasc Res 18:311–318PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Dynamic control of lymphocyte trafficking by fever-range thermal stress
Authors
Qing Chen
Daniel T. Fisher
Sylvia A. Kucinska
Wan-Chao Wang
Sharon S. Evans
Publication date
01-03-2006
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy / Issue 3/2006
Print ISSN: 0340-7004
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0851
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-005-0022-9

Other articles of this Issue 3/2006

Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 3/2006 Go to the issue

Symposium in Writing

Thermal stress-related modulation of tumor cell physiology and immune responses

Short Communication

Nitroreductase-based therapy of prostate cancer, enhanced by raising expression of heat shock protein 70, acts through increased anti-tumour immunity

Symposium in Writing

Emerging evidence indicates that physiologically relevant thermal stress regulates dendritic cell function

Symposium in Writing

Cancer immunotherapy based on intracellular hyperthermia using magnetite nanoparticles: a novel concept of “heat-controlled necrosis” with heat shock protein expression

Original Article

Dendritic cells are essential for priming but inefficient for boosting antitumour immune response in an orthotopic murine glioma model

Original Article

Induction of cellular immune responses against carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with metastatic tumors after vaccination with altered peptide ligand-loaded dendritic cells
Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Watch now

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Image Credits