Skip to main content
Top
Published in: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 1/2011

01-05-2011 | Review Article

Clinical applications of 124I-PET/CT in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer

Authors: Lutz S. Freudenberg, Walter Jentzen, Alexander Stahl, Andreas Bockisch, Sandra J. Rosenbaum-Krumme

Published in: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging | Special Issue 1/2011

Login to get access

Abstract

124I-PET/CT has a high clinical potential in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Two aspects deserve special mention: staging of recurrent or residual disease and pretherapy dosimetry. Used in combination 124I-PET and CT allows foci of highly specific 124I uptake to be localized with a low radiation dose, which is specifically important in pretherapy diagnostics. In addition in the combination of FDG-PET and CT non-iodine-avid lesions may be detected and may be discriminated from simultaneously occurring iodine-positive lesions. In clinical applications, the pretherapy 124I-PET dosimetry may result in a significant alteration in the therapeutic procedure compared to standard therapy using fixed therapeutic activities. In this context, 124I-PET dosimetry is a useful procedure especially in advanced DTC, and allows the administration of safer and more effective radioiodine activities as well as earlier multimodal interventions compared to standard empirical protocols. This review summarizes the clinical data on 124I-PET/CT in patients with DTC, and addresses future prospects.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Robbins RJ, Schlumberger MJ. The evolving role of 131I for the treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Nucl Med. 2005;46:28S–37S.PubMed Robbins RJ, Schlumberger MJ. The evolving role of 131I for the treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Nucl Med. 2005;46:28S–37S.PubMed
2.
go back to reference Riemann B, Krämer JA, Schmid KW, Dralle H, Dietlein M, Schicha H, et al. Risk stratification of patients with locally aggressive differentiated thyroid cancer. Results of the MSDS trial. Nuklearmedizin. 2010;49(3):79–84.PubMedCrossRef Riemann B, Krämer JA, Schmid KW, Dralle H, Dietlein M, Schicha H, et al. Risk stratification of patients with locally aggressive differentiated thyroid cancer. Results of the MSDS trial. Nuklearmedizin. 2010;49(3):79–84.PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Biermann M, Pixberg M, Riemann B, Schuck A, Heinecke A, Schmid KW, et al. Clinical outcomes of adjuvant external-beam radiotherapy for differentiated thyroid cancer – results after 874 patient-years of follow-up in the MSDS-trial. Nuklearmedizin. 2009;48(3):89–98.PubMed Biermann M, Pixberg M, Riemann B, Schuck A, Heinecke A, Schmid KW, et al. Clinical outcomes of adjuvant external-beam radiotherapy for differentiated thyroid cancer – results after 874 patient-years of follow-up in the MSDS-trial. Nuklearmedizin. 2009;48(3):89–98.PubMed
4.
go back to reference Verburg FA, de Keizer B, de Klerk JM, Lentjes EG, Lips CJ, van Isselt JW. Value of diagnostic radioiodine scintigraphy and thyroglobulin measurements after rhTSH injection. Nuklearmedizin. 2009;48(1):26–9.PubMed Verburg FA, de Keizer B, de Klerk JM, Lentjes EG, Lips CJ, van Isselt JW. Value of diagnostic radioiodine scintigraphy and thyroglobulin measurements after rhTSH injection. Nuklearmedizin. 2009;48(1):26–9.PubMed
5.
go back to reference Benua R, Cicale N, Sonenberg M, et al. The relation of radioiodine dosimetry to results and complications in the treatment of metastatic thyroid cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1962;87:171–9. Benua R, Cicale N, Sonenberg M, et al. The relation of radioiodine dosimetry to results and complications in the treatment of metastatic thyroid cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1962;87:171–9.
6.
go back to reference Sawka AM, Thephamongkhol K, Brouwers M, Thebane H, Browman G, Gerstein HG. A systematic review and metaanalysis of the effectiveness of radioactive iodine remnant ablation for well-differentiated thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:3668–76.PubMedCrossRef Sawka AM, Thephamongkhol K, Brouwers M, Thebane H, Browman G, Gerstein HG. A systematic review and metaanalysis of the effectiveness of radioactive iodine remnant ablation for well-differentiated thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:3668–76.PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Maxon HR, Englaro EE, Thomas SR, et al. Radioiodine-131 therapy for well differentiated thyroid cancer: a quantitative radiation dosimetric approach – outcome and validation in 85 patients. J Nucl Med. 1992;33:1132–16.PubMed Maxon HR, Englaro EE, Thomas SR, et al. Radioiodine-131 therapy for well differentiated thyroid cancer: a quantitative radiation dosimetric approach – outcome and validation in 85 patients. J Nucl Med. 1992;33:1132–16.PubMed
8.
go back to reference Maxon HR, Thomas SR, Hertzberg VS, et al. Relation between effective radiation dose and outcome of radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer. N Engl J Med. 1983;309:937–41.PubMedCrossRef Maxon HR, Thomas SR, Hertzberg VS, et al. Relation between effective radiation dose and outcome of radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer. N Engl J Med. 1983;309:937–41.PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Maxon HR, Thomas SR, Samaratunga RC. Dosimetric considerations in the radioiodine treatment of macrometastases and micrometastases from differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 1997;7:183–7.PubMedCrossRef Maxon HR, Thomas SR, Samaratunga RC. Dosimetric considerations in the radioiodine treatment of macrometastases and micrometastases from differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 1997;7:183–7.PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Kimmig B, Hermann HJ. Measurement of dose during radioiodine treatment of thyroid cancer. Acta Endocrinol. 1983;252 Suppl:72. Kimmig B, Hermann HJ. Measurement of dose during radioiodine treatment of thyroid cancer. Acta Endocrinol. 1983;252 Suppl:72.
11.
go back to reference Dietlein M, Dressler J, Farahati F, et al. Procedure guidelines for radioiodine therapy of differentiated thyroid cancer (version 2). Nuklearmedizin. 2004;43:115–20.PubMed Dietlein M, Dressler J, Farahati F, et al. Procedure guidelines for radioiodine therapy of differentiated thyroid cancer (version 2). Nuklearmedizin. 2004;43:115–20.PubMed
12.
go back to reference Mazzaferri EL. An overview of the management of papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 1999;9(5):421–7.PubMedCrossRef Mazzaferri EL. An overview of the management of papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 1999;9(5):421–7.PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Dorn R, Kopp J, Vogt H, et al. Dosimetry guided radioactive iodine treatment in patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer: largest safe dose using a risk-adapted approach. J Nucl Med. 2003;44:451–6.PubMed Dorn R, Kopp J, Vogt H, et al. Dosimetry guided radioactive iodine treatment in patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer: largest safe dose using a risk-adapted approach. J Nucl Med. 2003;44:451–6.PubMed
14.
go back to reference Furhang EE, Larson SM, Buranapong P, et al. Thyroid cancer dosimetry using clearance fitting. J Nucl Med. 1999;40:131–6.PubMed Furhang EE, Larson SM, Buranapong P, et al. Thyroid cancer dosimetry using clearance fitting. J Nucl Med. 1999;40:131–6.PubMed
15.
go back to reference Lassmann M, Reiners C, Luster M. Dosimetry and thyroid cancer: the individual dosage of radioiodine. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2010;17(3):R161–72.PubMedCrossRef Lassmann M, Reiners C, Luster M. Dosimetry and thyroid cancer: the individual dosage of radioiodine. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2010;17(3):R161–72.PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Verburg FA, Verkooijen RB, Stokkel MP, van Isselt JW. The success of 131I ablation in thyroid cancer patients is significantly reduced after a diagnostic activity of 40 MBq 131I. Nuklearmedizin. 2009;48(4):138–42.PubMed Verburg FA, Verkooijen RB, Stokkel MP, van Isselt JW. The success of 131I ablation in thyroid cancer patients is significantly reduced after a diagnostic activity of 40 MBq 131I. Nuklearmedizin. 2009;48(4):138–42.PubMed
17.
go back to reference Flower MA, McCready VR. Radionuclide therapy dose calculations: what accuracy can be achieved. Eur J Nucl Med. 1997;24:1462.PubMedCrossRef Flower MA, McCready VR. Radionuclide therapy dose calculations: what accuracy can be achieved. Eur J Nucl Med. 1997;24:1462.PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Phillips AF, Haybittle JL, Newberry GR. Use of iodine-124 for the treatment of carcinoma of the thyroid. Acta Unio Int Contra Cancrum. 1960;16:1434–8.PubMed Phillips AF, Haybittle JL, Newberry GR. Use of iodine-124 for the treatment of carcinoma of the thyroid. Acta Unio Int Contra Cancrum. 1960;16:1434–8.PubMed
19.
go back to reference Erdi YE, Macapinlac H, Larson SM, et al. Radiation dose assessment for I-131 therapy of thyroid cancer using I-124 PET imaging. Clin Positron Imaging. 1999;2:41–6.PubMedCrossRef Erdi YE, Macapinlac H, Larson SM, et al. Radiation dose assessment for I-131 therapy of thyroid cancer using I-124 PET imaging. Clin Positron Imaging. 1999;2:41–6.PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Pentlow KS, Graham MC, Lambrecht RM, et al. Quantitative imaging of iodine-124 with PET. J Nucl Med. 1996;37:1557–62.PubMed Pentlow KS, Graham MC, Lambrecht RM, et al. Quantitative imaging of iodine-124 with PET. J Nucl Med. 1996;37:1557–62.PubMed
21.
go back to reference Pentlow KS, Graham MC, Lambrecht RM, et al. Quantitative imaging of I-124 using positron emission tomography with applications to radioimmunodiagnosis and radioimmunotherapy. Med Phys. 1991;18:357–66.PubMedCrossRef Pentlow KS, Graham MC, Lambrecht RM, et al. Quantitative imaging of I-124 using positron emission tomography with applications to radioimmunodiagnosis and radioimmunotherapy. Med Phys. 1991;18:357–66.PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Freudenberg LS, Antoch G, Knust J, Görges R, Müller SP, Bockisch A, et al. Value of 124I-PET/CT in staging of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Eur Radiol. 2004;14:2092–8.PubMedCrossRef Freudenberg LS, Antoch G, Knust J, Görges R, Müller SP, Bockisch A, et al. Value of 124I-PET/CT in staging of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Eur Radiol. 2004;14:2092–8.PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Jentzen W, Freudenberg L, Eising EG, Sonnenschein W, Knust J, Bockisch A. Optimized 124I PET dosimetry protocol for radioiodine therapy of differentiated thyroid cancer. J Nucl Med. 2008;49(6):1017–23.PubMedCrossRef Jentzen W, Freudenberg L, Eising EG, Sonnenschein W, Knust J, Bockisch A. Optimized 124I PET dosimetry protocol for radioiodine therapy of differentiated thyroid cancer. J Nucl Med. 2008;49(6):1017–23.PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Crawford DC, Flower MA, Pratt BE, et al. Thyroid volume measurement in thyrotoxic patients: comparison between ultrasonography and iodine-124 positron emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med. 1997;24:1470–8.PubMedCrossRef Crawford DC, Flower MA, Pratt BE, et al. Thyroid volume measurement in thyrotoxic patients: comparison between ultrasonography and iodine-124 positron emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med. 1997;24:1470–8.PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Freudenberg LS, Bockisch A, Jentzen W. 124I positron emission tomographic dosimetry and positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging in differentiated thyroid cancer. In: Biersack HJ, Grünwald F, editors. Thyroid cancer. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer; 2005. Freudenberg LS, Bockisch A, Jentzen W. 124I positron emission tomographic dosimetry and positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging in differentiated thyroid cancer. In: Biersack HJ, Grünwald F, editors. Thyroid cancer. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer; 2005.
26.
go back to reference Frey P, Townsend D, Flattet A, et al. Tomographic imaging of the human thyroid using I-124. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986;63:918–27.PubMedCrossRef Frey P, Townsend D, Flattet A, et al. Tomographic imaging of the human thyroid using I-124. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986;63:918–27.PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Frey P, Townsend D, Jeavons A, et al. In vivo imaging of the human thyroid with a positron camera using 124I. Eur J Nucl Med. 1985;10:472–6.PubMedCrossRef Frey P, Townsend D, Jeavons A, et al. In vivo imaging of the human thyroid with a positron camera using 124I. Eur J Nucl Med. 1985;10:472–6.PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Lambrecht RM, Woodhouse N, Phillips R, et al. Investigational study of iodine-124 with a positron camera. Am J Physiol Imaging. 1988;3:197–200.PubMed Lambrecht RM, Woodhouse N, Phillips R, et al. Investigational study of iodine-124 with a positron camera. Am J Physiol Imaging. 1988;3:197–200.PubMed
29.
go back to reference Sgouros G, Kolbert K, Sheikh A, et al. Patient-specific dosimetry for 131I thyroid cancer therapy using 124I PET and 3-dimensional-internal dosimetry (3D-ID) software. J Nucl Med. 2004;45:1366–72.PubMed Sgouros G, Kolbert K, Sheikh A, et al. Patient-specific dosimetry for 131I thyroid cancer therapy using 124I PET and 3-dimensional-internal dosimetry (3D-ID) software. J Nucl Med. 2004;45:1366–72.PubMed
30.
go back to reference Freudenberg LS, Jentzen W, Petrich T, Frömke C, Marlowe RJ, Heusner T, et al. Lesion dose in differentiated thyroid carcinoma metastases after rhTSH or thyroid hormone withdrawal: 124I PET/CT dosimetric comparisons. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010;37:2267–76.PubMedCrossRef Freudenberg LS, Jentzen W, Petrich T, Frömke C, Marlowe RJ, Heusner T, et al. Lesion dose in differentiated thyroid carcinoma metastases after rhTSH or thyroid hormone withdrawal: 124I PET/CT dosimetric comparisons. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010;37:2267–76.PubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Jentzen W. Experimental investigation of factors affecting the absolute recovery coefficients in iodine-124 PET lesion imaging. Phys Med Biol. 2010;55(8):2365–98.PubMedCrossRef Jentzen W. Experimental investigation of factors affecting the absolute recovery coefficients in iodine-124 PET lesion imaging. Phys Med Biol. 2010;55(8):2365–98.PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Freudenberg LS, Frömke C, Petrich T, Marlowe RJ, Koska WW, Brandau W, et al. Thyroid remnant dose: 124I-PET/CT dosimetric comparison of rhTSH versus thyroid hormone withholding before radioiodine remnant ablation in differentiated thyroid cancer. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2010;118(7):393–9.PubMedCrossRef Freudenberg LS, Frömke C, Petrich T, Marlowe RJ, Koska WW, Brandau W, et al. Thyroid remnant dose: 124I-PET/CT dosimetric comparison of rhTSH versus thyroid hormone withholding before radioiodine remnant ablation in differentiated thyroid cancer. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2010;118(7):393–9.PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Stahl AR, Freudenberg L, Bockisch A, Jentzen W. A novel view on dosimetry-related radionuclide therapy: presentation of a calculatory model and its implementation for radioiodine therapy of metastasized differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009;36(7):1147–55.PubMedCrossRef Stahl AR, Freudenberg L, Bockisch A, Jentzen W. A novel view on dosimetry-related radionuclide therapy: presentation of a calculatory model and its implementation for radioiodine therapy of metastasized differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009;36(7):1147–55.PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference O’Connell ME, Flower MA, Hinton PJ, et al. Radiation dose assessment in radioiodine therapy: dose-response relationships in differentiated thyroid carcinoma using quantitative scanning and PET. Radiother Oncol. 1993;28:16–26.PubMedCrossRef O’Connell ME, Flower MA, Hinton PJ, et al. Radiation dose assessment in radioiodine therapy: dose-response relationships in differentiated thyroid carcinoma using quantitative scanning and PET. Radiother Oncol. 1993;28:16–26.PubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Freudenberg LS, Jentzen W, Görges R, Petrich T, Marlowe RJ, Knust J, et al. 124I-PET dosimetry in advanced differentiated thyroid cancer: therapeutic impact. Nuklearmedizin. 2007;46(4):121–8.PubMed Freudenberg LS, Jentzen W, Görges R, Petrich T, Marlowe RJ, Knust J, et al. 124I-PET dosimetry in advanced differentiated thyroid cancer: therapeutic impact. Nuklearmedizin. 2007;46(4):121–8.PubMed
36.
go back to reference Knust EJ, Dutschka K, Weinreich R. Preparation of 124I solutions after thermodistillation of irradiated 124TeO2 targets. Appl Radiat Isot. 2000;52:181–4.PubMedCrossRef Knust EJ, Dutschka K, Weinreich R. Preparation of 124I solutions after thermodistillation of irradiated 124TeO2 targets. Appl Radiat Isot. 2000;52:181–4.PubMedCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Jentzen W, Freudenberg L, Bockisch A. Quantitative imaging of 124I with PET/CT in pretherapy lesion dosimetry. Effects impairing image quantification and their corrections. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2011;55:21–43PubMed Jentzen W, Freudenberg L, Bockisch A. Quantitative imaging of 124I with PET/CT in pretherapy lesion dosimetry. Effects impairing image quantification and their corrections. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2011;55:21–43PubMed
38.
go back to reference Jentzen W, Weise R, Kupferschläger J, Freudenberg L, Brandau W, Bares R, et al. Iodine-124 PET dosimetry in differentiated thyroid cancer: recovery coefficient in 2D and 3D modes for PET(/CT) systems. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008;35(3):611–23.PubMedCrossRef Jentzen W, Weise R, Kupferschläger J, Freudenberg L, Brandau W, Bares R, et al. Iodine-124 PET dosimetry in differentiated thyroid cancer: recovery coefficient in 2D and 3D modes for PET(/CT) systems. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008;35(3):611–23.PubMedCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Eschmann SM, Reischl G, Bilger K, et al. Evaluation of dosimetry of radioiodine therapy in benign and malignant thyroid disorders by means of iodine-124 and PET. Eur J Nucl Med. 2002;29:760–7.CrossRef Eschmann SM, Reischl G, Bilger K, et al. Evaluation of dosimetry of radioiodine therapy in benign and malignant thyroid disorders by means of iodine-124 and PET. Eur J Nucl Med. 2002;29:760–7.CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Bockisch A, Freudenberg L, Rosenbaum S, Jentzen W. (124)I in PET imaging: impact on quantification, radiopharmaceutical development and distribution. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2006;33(11):1247–8.PubMedCrossRef Bockisch A, Freudenberg L, Rosenbaum S, Jentzen W. (124)I in PET imaging: impact on quantification, radiopharmaceutical development and distribution. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2006;33(11):1247–8.PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Chen L, Luo Q, Shen Y, Yu Y, Yuan Z, Lu H, et al. Incremental value of 131I SPECT/CT in the management of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Nucl Med. 2008;49(12):1952–7.PubMedCrossRef Chen L, Luo Q, Shen Y, Yu Y, Yuan Z, Lu H, et al. Incremental value of 131I SPECT/CT in the management of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Nucl Med. 2008;49(12):1952–7.PubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Wong KK, Zarzhevsky N, Cahill JM, Frey KA, Avram AM. Hybrid SPECT-CT and PET-CT imaging of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Br J Radiol. 2009;82(982):860–76.PubMedCrossRef Wong KK, Zarzhevsky N, Cahill JM, Frey KA, Avram AM. Hybrid SPECT-CT and PET-CT imaging of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Br J Radiol. 2009;82(982):860–76.PubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Phan HT, Jager PL, Paans AM, Plukker JT, Sturkenboom MG, Sluiter WJ, et al. The diagnostic value of 124I-PET in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008;35(5):958–65.PubMedCrossRef Phan HT, Jager PL, Paans AM, Plukker JT, Sturkenboom MG, Sluiter WJ, et al. The diagnostic value of 124I-PET in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008;35(5):958–65.PubMedCrossRef
44.
go back to reference Capoccetti F, Criscuoli B, Rossi G, Ferretti F, Manni C, Brianzoni E. The effectiveness of 124I PET/CT in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009;53(5):536–45.PubMed Capoccetti F, Criscuoli B, Rossi G, Ferretti F, Manni C, Brianzoni E. The effectiveness of 124I PET/CT in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009;53(5):536–45.PubMed
45.
go back to reference Fleming ID, Cooper JS, Henson DE. AJCC cancer staging manual. 5th ed. American Joint Committee on Cancer: Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia;1997 Fleming ID, Cooper JS, Henson DE. AJCC cancer staging manual. 5th ed. American Joint Committee on Cancer: Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia;1997
46.
go back to reference Van Nostrand D, Moreau S, Bandaru VV, Atkins F, Chennupati S, Mete M, et al. (124)I positron emission tomography versus (131)I planar imaging in the identification of residual thyroid tissue and/or metastasis in patients who have well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2010;20(8):879–83.PubMedCrossRef Van Nostrand D, Moreau S, Bandaru VV, Atkins F, Chennupati S, Mete M, et al. (124)I positron emission tomography versus (131)I planar imaging in the identification of residual thyroid tissue and/or metastasis in patients who have well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2010;20(8):879–83.PubMedCrossRef
47.
go back to reference Freudenberg LS, Antoch G, Frilling A, Jentzen W, Rosenbaum SJ, Kühl H, et al. Combined metabolic and morphologic imaging in thyroid carcinoma patients with elevated serum thyroglobulin and negative cervical ultrasonography: role of 124I-PET/CT and FDG-PET. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008;35(5):950–7.PubMedCrossRef Freudenberg LS, Antoch G, Frilling A, Jentzen W, Rosenbaum SJ, Kühl H, et al. Combined metabolic and morphologic imaging in thyroid carcinoma patients with elevated serum thyroglobulin and negative cervical ultrasonography: role of 124I-PET/CT and FDG-PET. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008;35(5):950–7.PubMedCrossRef
48.
go back to reference Leitha T, Staudenherz A. Frequency of diagnostic dilemmas in 131I whole body scanning. Nuklearmedizin. 2003;42(2):55–62.PubMed Leitha T, Staudenherz A. Frequency of diagnostic dilemmas in 131I whole body scanning. Nuklearmedizin. 2003;42(2):55–62.PubMed
49.
go back to reference Urhan M, Dadparvar S, Mavi A, Houseni M, Chamroonrat W, Alavi A, et al. Iodine-123 as a diagnostic imaging agent in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a comparison with iodine-131 post-treatment scanning and serum thyroglobulin measurement. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2007;34(7):1012–7.PubMedCrossRef Urhan M, Dadparvar S, Mavi A, Houseni M, Chamroonrat W, Alavi A, et al. Iodine-123 as a diagnostic imaging agent in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a comparison with iodine-131 post-treatment scanning and serum thyroglobulin measurement. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2007;34(7):1012–7.PubMedCrossRef
50.
go back to reference Abdul-Fatah SB, Zamburlini M, Halders SG, Brans B, Teule GJ, Kemerink GJ. Identification of a shine-through artifact in the trachea with (124)I PET/CT. J Nucl Med. 2009;50(6):909–11.PubMedCrossRef Abdul-Fatah SB, Zamburlini M, Halders SG, Brans B, Teule GJ, Kemerink GJ. Identification of a shine-through artifact in the trachea with (124)I PET/CT. J Nucl Med. 2009;50(6):909–11.PubMedCrossRef
51.
go back to reference Stewart BW, Kleihues P. Thyroid cancer. In: Stewart BW, Kleihues P, editors. World cancer report. Lyon, France: Lyon. IARC Press; 2003. p. 257–60. Stewart BW, Kleihues P. Thyroid cancer. In: Stewart BW, Kleihues P, editors. World cancer report. Lyon, France: Lyon. IARC Press; 2003. p. 257–60.
52.
go back to reference Massin JP, Savoie JC, Garnier H, Guiraudon G, Leger FA, Bacourt F. Pulmonary metastases in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Study of 58 cases with implications for the primary tumor treatment. Cancer. 1984;53:982–92.PubMedCrossRef Massin JP, Savoie JC, Garnier H, Guiraudon G, Leger FA, Bacourt F. Pulmonary metastases in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Study of 58 cases with implications for the primary tumor treatment. Cancer. 1984;53:982–92.PubMedCrossRef
53.
go back to reference Casara D, Rubello D, Saladini G, et al. Different features of pulmonary metastases in differentiated thyroid cancer: natural history and multivariate statistical analysis of prognostic variables. J Nucl Med. 1993;34:1626–31.PubMed Casara D, Rubello D, Saladini G, et al. Different features of pulmonary metastases in differentiated thyroid cancer: natural history and multivariate statistical analysis of prognostic variables. J Nucl Med. 1993;34:1626–31.PubMed
54.
go back to reference Sisson JC, Giordano TJ, Jamadar DA, et al. 131-I treatment of micronodular pulmonary metastases from papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cancer. 1996;78:2184–92.PubMedCrossRef Sisson JC, Giordano TJ, Jamadar DA, et al. 131-I treatment of micronodular pulmonary metastases from papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cancer. 1996;78:2184–92.PubMedCrossRef
55.
go back to reference Brink JS, Heerden JA, McIver B, et al. Papillary thyroid cancer with pulmonary metastases in children: long-term prognosis. Surgery. 2000;128:881–7.PubMedCrossRef Brink JS, Heerden JA, McIver B, et al. Papillary thyroid cancer with pulmonary metastases in children: long-term prognosis. Surgery. 2000;128:881–7.PubMedCrossRef
56.
go back to reference Sisson JC, Jamadar DA, Kazerooni EA, et al. Treatment of micronodular lung metastases of papillary thyroid cancer: are the tumors too small for effective irradiation from radioiodine? Thyroid. 1998;8:215–21.PubMedCrossRef Sisson JC, Jamadar DA, Kazerooni EA, et al. Treatment of micronodular lung metastases of papillary thyroid cancer: are the tumors too small for effective irradiation from radioiodine? Thyroid. 1998;8:215–21.PubMedCrossRef
57.
go back to reference Ilgan S, Karacalioglu O, Pabuscu Y, et al. Iodine-131 treatment and high-resolution CT: results in patients with lung metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2004;31:825–30.PubMedCrossRef Ilgan S, Karacalioglu O, Pabuscu Y, et al. Iodine-131 treatment and high-resolution CT: results in patients with lung metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2004;31:825–30.PubMedCrossRef
58.
go back to reference Freudenberg LS, Jentzen W, Müller SP, Bockisch A. Disseminated iodine-avid lung metastases in differentiated thyroid cancer: a challenge to 124I PET. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008;35(3):502–8.PubMedCrossRef Freudenberg LS, Jentzen W, Müller SP, Bockisch A. Disseminated iodine-avid lung metastases in differentiated thyroid cancer: a challenge to 124I PET. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008;35(3):502–8.PubMedCrossRef
59.
go back to reference Dietlein M, Busemeyer S, Kobe C, Schmidt M, Theissen P, Schicha H. Recombinant human TSH versus hypothyroidism. Cost-minimization-analysis in the follow-up care of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Nuklearmedizin. 2010;49(6):216–24.CrossRef Dietlein M, Busemeyer S, Kobe C, Schmidt M, Theissen P, Schicha H. Recombinant human TSH versus hypothyroidism. Cost-minimization-analysis in the follow-up care of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Nuklearmedizin. 2010;49(6):216–24.CrossRef
60.
go back to reference Haugen BR, Pacini F, Reiners C, Schlumberger M, Ladenson PW, Sherman SI, et al. A comparison of recombinant human thyrotropin and thyroid hormone withdrawal for the detection of thyroid remnant or cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:3877–85.PubMedCrossRef Haugen BR, Pacini F, Reiners C, Schlumberger M, Ladenson PW, Sherman SI, et al. A comparison of recombinant human thyrotropin and thyroid hormone withdrawal for the detection of thyroid remnant or cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:3877–85.PubMedCrossRef
61.
go back to reference Pacini F, Ladenson PW, Schlumberger M, Driedger A, Luster M, Kloos RT, et al. Radioiodine ablation of thyroid remnants after preparation with recombinant human thyrotropin in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: results of an international, randomized, controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:926–32.PubMedCrossRef Pacini F, Ladenson PW, Schlumberger M, Driedger A, Luster M, Kloos RT, et al. Radioiodine ablation of thyroid remnants after preparation with recombinant human thyrotropin in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: results of an international, randomized, controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:926–32.PubMedCrossRef
62.
go back to reference Zanotti-Fregonara P, Hindié E. On the effectiveness of recombinant human TSH as a stimulating agent for 131I treatment of metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010;37(12):2264–6.PubMedCrossRef Zanotti-Fregonara P, Hindié E. On the effectiveness of recombinant human TSH as a stimulating agent for 131I treatment of metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010;37(12):2264–6.PubMedCrossRef
63.
go back to reference Schmitz G, Fuzesi L, Struck J, et al. Expression of the sodium iodide symporter in differentiated thyroid cancer: clinical evidence. Nuklearmedizin. 2005;44:86–93.PubMed Schmitz G, Fuzesi L, Struck J, et al. Expression of the sodium iodide symporter in differentiated thyroid cancer: clinical evidence. Nuklearmedizin. 2005;44:86–93.PubMed
64.
go back to reference Walter MA, Turtschi CP, Schindler C, et al. The dental safety profile of high-dose radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer: long-term results of a longitudinal cohort study. J Nucl Med. 2007;48:1620–5.PubMedCrossRef Walter MA, Turtschi CP, Schindler C, et al. The dental safety profile of high-dose radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer: long-term results of a longitudinal cohort study. J Nucl Med. 2007;48:1620–5.PubMedCrossRef
65.
go back to reference Jentzen W, Balschuweit D, Schmitz J, Freudenberg L, Eising E, Hilbel T, et al. The influence of saliva flow stimulation on the absorbed radiation dose to the salivary glands during radioiodine therapy of thyroid cancer using (124)I PET(/CT) imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010;37:2298–306PubMedCrossRef Jentzen W, Balschuweit D, Schmitz J, Freudenberg L, Eising E, Hilbel T, et al. The influence of saliva flow stimulation on the absorbed radiation dose to the salivary glands during radioiodine therapy of thyroid cancer using (124)I PET(/CT) imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010;37:2298–306PubMedCrossRef
66.
go back to reference Jentzen W, Hobbs RF, Stahl A, Knust J, Sgouros G, Bockisch A. Pre-therapeutic (124)I PET(/CT) dosimetry confirms low average absorbed doses per administered (131)I activity to the salivary glands in radioiodine therapy of differentiated thyroid cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010;37(5):884–95.PubMedCrossRef Jentzen W, Hobbs RF, Stahl A, Knust J, Sgouros G, Bockisch A. Pre-therapeutic (124)I PET(/CT) dosimetry confirms low average absorbed doses per administered (131)I activity to the salivary glands in radioiodine therapy of differentiated thyroid cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010;37(5):884–95.PubMedCrossRef
67.
go back to reference Jentzen W, Schneider E, Freudenberg L, Eising EG, Görges R, Müller SP, et al. Relationship between cumulative radiation dose and salivary gland uptake associated with radioiodine therapy of thyroid cancer. Nucl Med Commun. 2006;27(8):669–76.PubMedCrossRef Jentzen W, Schneider E, Freudenberg L, Eising EG, Görges R, Müller SP, et al. Relationship between cumulative radiation dose and salivary gland uptake associated with radioiodine therapy of thyroid cancer. Nucl Med Commun. 2006;27(8):669–76.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Clinical applications of 124I-PET/CT in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors
Lutz S. Freudenberg
Walter Jentzen
Alexander Stahl
Andreas Bockisch
Sandra J. Rosenbaum-Krumme
Publication date
01-05-2011
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging / Issue Special Issue 1/2011
Print ISSN: 1619-7070
Electronic ISSN: 1619-7089
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-011-1773-5

Other articles of this Special Issue 1/2011

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 1/2011 Go to the issue