Top

Published in:

01-11-2004 | Minisymposium

Modern imaging of tuberculosis in children: thoracic, central nervous system and abdominal tuberculosis

Authors: Savvas Andronikou, Nicky Wieselthaler

Published in: Pediatric Radiology | Issue 11/2004

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) can affect any organ in the body. Children are a high-risk group for contracting the disease and pose a constant challenge to clinicians with regard to making a definitive diagnosis. Radiologists are playing a more active role in diagnosing TB, and armed with more accurate diagnostic investigations such as CT and MRI, they must face the cost implications as well as technical limitations. This review aims to guide the reader through the modern imaging techniques useful for diagnosing TB of the thorax, central nervous system and abdomen in children. The more specific features of each modality in the particular anatomical regions are highlighted.

Loke TK, Ma HT, Chan CS (1997) MRI of tuberculous spinal infection. Australas Radiol 41:7–12PubMed

Agrons GA, Markowitz RI, Kramer SS (1993) Pulmonary tuberculosis in children. Semin Roentgenol 28:158–172PubMed

Andronikou S, Welman CJ, Kader E (2002) The CT features of abdominal tuberculosis in children. Pediatr Radiol 32:75–81CrossRefPubMed

Lamont AC, Cremin BJ, Pelteret RM (1986) Radiological patterns of pulmonary TB in the paediatric age group. Pediatr Radiol 16:2–7PubMed

Parisi MT, Jensen MC, Wood BP (1994) Pictoral review of the usual and unusual roentgen manifestations of childhood tuberculosis. Clin Imaging 18:149–154CrossRefPubMed

Salazar GE, Schmitz TL, Cama R, et al (2001) Pulmonary tuberculosis in children in a developing country. Pediatrics 108:448–453PubMed

Schaaf HS, Beyers N, Gie R, et al (1995) Respiratory tuberculosis in childhood: the diagnostic value of clinical features and special investigations. Pediatr Infect Dis J 14:189–194PubMed

Desai SS (1994) Early diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis by MRI. J Bone Joint Surg Br 76:863–869PubMed

Correa AG (1977) Unique aspects of tuberculosis in the pediatric population. Clin Chest Med 18:89–98

10.

Neu N, Saiman L, San Gabriel P, et al (1999) Diagnosis of pediatric TB in the modern era. Pediatr Infect Dis J 18:122–126CrossRefPubMed

11.

Palmer PE (1979) Pulmonary tuberculosis—usual and unusual radiographic presentations. Semin Roentgenol 14:204–243PubMed

12.

Delacourt C, Mani TM, Bonnerot V, et al (1993) Computed tomography with a normal chest radiograph in tuberculous infection. Arch Dis Child 69:430–432PubMed

13.

Du Toit G, Swingler G, Iloni K (2002) Observer variation in detecting lymphadenopathy on chest radiography. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 6:1–4PubMed

14.

Kuhn JP, Slovis TL, Silverman FN, et al (1993) Mediastinum. In: Silverman FN, Kuhn JP (eds) Caffey’s pediatric X-ray diagnosis, 9th edn. Mosby, St. Louis, pp 666–671

15.

Cremin BJ, Jamieson DH (1995) Childhood tuberculosis: modern imaging and clinical concepts. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

16.

Devilliers RV, Andronikou S, Van De Westhuizen S (2004) Specificity and sensitivity of chest radiographs in the diagnosis of paediatric pulmonary tuberculosis and the value of additional high-kilovolt radiographs. Australas Radiol 48:148–153CrossRefPubMed

17.

Andronikou S, Joseph E, Lucas S, et al (2004) CT scanning for the detection of tuberculous mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy in children. Pediatr Radiol 34:232–236PubMed

18.

Andronikou S (2002) Pathological correlation of CT-detected mediastinal lymphadenopathy in children: the lack of size threshold criteria for abnormality. Pediatr Radiol 32:793–797CrossRefPubMed

19.

Moon WK, Kim WS, Kim I-O, et al (1999) Complicated pleural tuberculosis in children: CT evaluation. Pediatr Radiol 29:153–157CrossRefPubMed

20.

Bhargava S, Tandon PN (1980) Intracranial tuberculomas: a CT study. Br J Radiol 53:935–945PubMed

21.

Whelan MA, Stern J (1981) Intracranial tuberculoma. Radiology 138:75–81PubMed

22.

Loizou LA, Anderson M (1982) Intracranial tuberculomas: correlation of CT with clinico-pathological findings. Q J Med 51:104–114PubMed

23.

Jamieson DH (1995) Imaging intracranial tuberculosis in childhood. Pediatr Radiol 25:165–170PubMed

24.

Schoeman J, Hewlett R, Donald P (1988) MR of childhood tuberculous meningitis. Neuroradiology 30:473–477PubMed

25.

Brismar J, Hugosson C, Larsson SG, et al (1996) Imaging of tuberculosis III. Tuberculosis as a mimicker of brain tumour. Acta Radiol 37:496–505PubMed

26.

Welchman JM (1979) CT of intracranial tuberculomata. Clin Radiol 30:567–573PubMed

27.

Waeker NJ, Connor JD (1990) Central nervous system tuberculosis in children: a review of 30 cases. Pediatr Infect Dis J 9:539–543PubMed

28.

Doerr CA, Starke JR, Ong LT (1995) Clinical and public health aspects of tuberculous meningitis in children. J Pediatr 127:27–33PubMed

29.

Witrak BJ, Ellis GT (1985) Intracranial tuberculosis: manifestations on CT. South Med J 78:386–392PubMed

30.

Andronikou S, Smith B, Hatherhill M, et al (2004) Definitive neuroradiological diagnostic features of tuberculous meningitis in children. Pediatr Radiol 34 (in press). DOI 10.1007/s00247-004-1237-1

31.

Scheoman JF, Van Zyl LE, Laubscher JA, et al (1995) Serial CT scanning in childhood tuberculous meningitis: prognostic features in 198 cases. J Child Neurol 10:320–329PubMed

32.

Schoeman JF, Le Roux D, Bezuidenhoudt PB, et al (1985) Intracranial pressure monitoring in TBM: clinical and CT corrleation. Dev Child Neurol 27:644–654

33.

Comment on Schoeman JF, Laubscher JA, Donald PR (2000) Serial lumbar CSF pressure measurement and cranial computed tomographic findings in childhood meningitis. Childs Nerv Syst 16:203–209CrossRefPubMed

34.

Trautmann M, Kluge W, Otto H-S, et al (1986) Computed tomography in CNS tuberculosis. Eur Neurol 25: 91–97PubMed

35.

Chang K-H, Han M-H, Roh J-K, et al (1990) Gd-DTPA enhanced MR imaging in intracranial tuberculosis. Neuroradiology 32:19–25PubMed

36.

Chang KH, Han MH, Choi YW, et al (1989) Tuberculous arachnoiditis of the spine: findings on myelography, CT and MR imaging. AJNR 10:1255–1262

37.

Cremin BJ (1987) Radiological imaging of urogenital TB in children with emphasis on ultrasound. Pediatr Radiol 17:34–38PubMed

38.

Teo R, Humphries MJ, Hoare RD, et al (1989) Clinical correlation of CT changes in 64 Chinese patients with tuberculous meningitis. J Neurol 236:48–51PubMed

Title: Modern imaging of tuberculosis in children: thoracic, central nervous system and abdominal tuberculosis
Authors: Savvas Andronikou
Nicky Wieselthaler
Publication date: 01-11-2004
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: Pediatric Radiology / Issue 11/2004
Print ISSN: 0301-0449
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1998
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-004-1236-2

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Modern imaging of tuberculosis in children: thoracic, central nervous system and abdominal tuberculosis

Abstract

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 11/2004

November CME questions

Resolution of calcific brown fat necrosis associated with prostaglandin therapy for cyanotic congenital heart disease in neonates: report of two cases

Congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome with pituitary hypoplasia and ectopic neurohypophysis

Small-bowel intussusception around a gastrojejunostomy tube resulting in ischemic necrosis of the intestine

A proposed radiological classification of childhood intra-thoracic tuberculosis

Definitive neuroradiological diagnostic features of tuberculous meningitis in children