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01-05-2016 | Original Article

Serum calcium and incident diabetes: an observational study and meta-analysis

Authors: C. W. Sing, V. K. F. Cheng, D. K. C. Ho, A. W. C. Kung, B. M. Y. Cheung, I. C. K. Wong, K. C. B. Tan, J. Salas-Salvadó, N. Becerra-Tomas, C. L. Cheung

Published in: Osteoporosis International | Issue 5/2016

Abstract

Summary

The study aimed to prospectively evaluate if serum calcium is related to diabetes incidence in Hong Kong Chinese. The results showed that serum calcium has a significant association with increased risk of diabetes. The result of meta-analysis reinforced our findings.

Introduction

This study aimed to evaluate the association of serum calcium, including serum total calcium and albumin-corrected calcium, with incident diabetes in Hong Kong Chinese.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study in 6096 participants aged 20 or above and free of diabetes at baseline. Serum calcium was measured at baseline. Incident diabetes was determined from several electronic databases. We also searched relevant databases for studies on serum calcium and incident diabetes and conducted a meta-analysis using fixed-effect modeling.

Results

During 59,130.9 person-years of follow-up, 631 participants developed diabetes. Serum total calcium and albumin-corrected calcium were associated with incident diabetes in the unadjusted model. After adjusting for demographic and clinical variables, the association remained significant only for serum total calcium (hazard ratio (HR), 1.32 (95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.02–1.70), highest vs. lowest quartile). In a meta-analysis of four studies including the current study, both serum total calcium (pooled risk ratio (RR), 1.38 (95 % CI, 1.15–1.65); I ² = 5 %, comparing extreme quantiles) and albumin-corrected calcium (pooled RR, 1.29 (95 % CI, 1.03–1.61); I ² = 0 %, comparing extreme quantiles) were associated with incident diabetes. Penalized regression splines showed that the association of incident diabetes with serum total calcium and albumin-correlated calcium was non-linear and linear, respectively.

Conclusions

Elevated serum calcium concentration is associated with incident diabetes. The mechanism underlying this association warrants further investigation.

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Title: Serum calcium and incident diabetes: an observational study and meta-analysis
Authors: C. W. Sing
V. K. F. Cheng
D. K. C. Ho
A. W. C. Kung
B. M. Y. Cheung
I. C. K. Wong
K. C. B. Tan
J. Salas-Salvadó
N. Becerra-Tomas
C. L. Cheung
Publication date: 01-05-2016
Publisher: Springer London
Published in: Osteoporosis International / Issue 5/2016
Print ISSN: 0937-941X
Electronic ISSN: 1433-2965
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-015-3444-z

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Serum calcium and incident diabetes: an observational study and meta-analysis

Abstract

Summary

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusions

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Summary

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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