Skip to main content
Top
Literature
2.
go back to reference Oden A, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Kanis JA (2013) Assessing the impact of osteoporosis on the burden of hip fractures. Calcif Tissue Int 92(1):42–9PubMedCrossRef Oden A, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Kanis JA (2013) Assessing the impact of osteoporosis on the burden of hip fractures. Calcif Tissue Int 92(1):42–9PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Jarvinen TL, Michaelsson K, Jokihaara J et al (2015) Overdiagnosis of bone fragility in the quest to prevent hip fracture. BMJ 350:h2088PubMedCrossRef Jarvinen TL, Michaelsson K, Jokihaara J et al (2015) Overdiagnosis of bone fragility in the quest to prevent hip fracture. BMJ 350:h2088PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Ensrud KE, Black DM, Palermo L et al (1997) Treatment with alendronate prevents fractures in women at highest risk: results from the Fracture Intervention Trial. Arch Intern Med 157(22):2617–24PubMedCrossRef Ensrud KE, Black DM, Palermo L et al (1997) Treatment with alendronate prevents fractures in women at highest risk: results from the Fracture Intervention Trial. Arch Intern Med 157(22):2617–24PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Roux C, Reginster JY, Fechtenbaum J et al (2006) Vertebral fracture risk reduction with strontium ranelate in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis is independent of baseline risk factors. J Bone Miner Res 21(4):536–42PubMedCrossRef Roux C, Reginster JY, Fechtenbaum J et al (2006) Vertebral fracture risk reduction with strontium ranelate in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis is independent of baseline risk factors. J Bone Miner Res 21(4):536–42PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Kanis JA, Barton IP, Johnell O (2005) Risedronate decreases fracture risk in patients selected solely on the basis of prior vertebral fracture. Osteoporos Int 16(5):475–82PubMedCrossRef Kanis JA, Barton IP, Johnell O (2005) Risedronate decreases fracture risk in patients selected solely on the basis of prior vertebral fracture. Osteoporos Int 16(5):475–82PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference McCloskey E, Selby P, Davies M et al (2004) Clodronate reduces vertebral fracture risk in women with postmenopausal or secondary osteoporosis: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled 3-year study. J Bone Miner Res 19(5):728–36PubMedCrossRef McCloskey E, Selby P, Davies M et al (2004) Clodronate reduces vertebral fracture risk in women with postmenopausal or secondary osteoporosis: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled 3-year study. J Bone Miner Res 19(5):728–36PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Eastell R, Black DM, Boonen S et al (2009) Effect of once-yearly zoledronic acid five milligrams on fracture risk and change in femoral neck bone mineral density. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94(9):3215–25PubMedCrossRef Eastell R, Black DM, Boonen S et al (2009) Effect of once-yearly zoledronic acid five milligrams on fracture risk and change in femoral neck bone mineral density. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94(9):3215–25PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference McClung M, Boonen S, Torring O et al (2011) Effect of denosumab treatment on the risk of fractures in subgroups of women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 27:211–218CrossRef McClung M, Boonen S, Torring O et al (2011) Effect of denosumab treatment on the risk of fractures in subgroups of women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 27:211–218CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Cummings SR, Black DM, Thompson DE et al (1998) Effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with low bone density but without vertebral fractures: results from the Fracture Intervention Trial. JAMA 280(24):2077–82PubMedCrossRef Cummings SR, Black DM, Thompson DE et al (1998) Effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with low bone density but without vertebral fractures: results from the Fracture Intervention Trial. JAMA 280(24):2077–82PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference McCloskey EV, Beneton M, Charlesworth D et al (2007) Clodronate reduces the incidence of fractures in community-dwelling elderly women unselected for osteoporosis: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study. J Bone Miner Res 22(1):135–41PubMedCrossRef McCloskey EV, Beneton M, Charlesworth D et al (2007) Clodronate reduces the incidence of fractures in community-dwelling elderly women unselected for osteoporosis: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study. J Bone Miner Res 22(1):135–41PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Oden A et al (2012) Denosumab reduces the risk of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women, particularly in those with moderate to high fracture risk as assessed with FRAX. J Bone Miner Res 27(7):1480–6PubMedCrossRef McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Oden A et al (2012) Denosumab reduces the risk of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women, particularly in those with moderate to high fracture risk as assessed with FRAX. J Bone Miner Res 27(7):1480–6PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Cauley JA, Robbins J, Chen Z et al (2003) Effects of estrogen plus progestin on risk of fracture and bone mineral density: the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial. JAMA 290(13):1729–38PubMedCrossRef Cauley JA, Robbins J, Chen Z et al (2003) Effects of estrogen plus progestin on risk of fracture and bone mineral density: the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial. JAMA 290(13):1729–38PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Gnant M, Pfeifer G, Dubsky PC, et al (2015) Adjuvant denosumab in breast cancer: Results from 3,425 postmenopausal patients of the ABCSG-18 trial.Adjuvant denosumab in breast cancer: Results from 3,425 postmenopausal patients of the ABCSG-18 trial. American Society of Clinical Oncology, J Clin Oncol 33, 2015 (suppl; abstr 504) Gnant M, Pfeifer G, Dubsky PC, et al (2015) Adjuvant denosumab in breast cancer: Results from 3,425 postmenopausal patients of the ABCSG-18 trial.Adjuvant denosumab in breast cancer: Results from 3,425 postmenopausal patients of the ABCSG-18 trial. American Society of Clinical Oncology, J Clin Oncol 33, 2015 (suppl; abstr 504)
15.
go back to reference Johansson H, Kanis JA, Oden A, Johnell O, McCloskey E (2009) BMD, clinical risk factors and their combination for hip fracture prevention. Osteoporos Int 20(10):1675–82PubMedCrossRef Johansson H, Kanis JA, Oden A, Johnell O, McCloskey E (2009) BMD, clinical risk factors and their combination for hip fracture prevention. Osteoporos Int 20(10):1675–82PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Kanis JA, on behalf of the WHO Scientific Group (2008) Assessment of osteoporosis at the primary health-care level. Technical Report. Sheffield: WHO Collaborating Centre, University of Sheffield, UK Kanis JA, on behalf of the WHO Scientific Group (2008) Assessment of osteoporosis at the primary health-care level. Technical Report. Sheffield: WHO Collaborating Centre, University of Sheffield, UK
17.
go back to reference Johansson H, Oden A, Johnell O et al (2004) Optimization of BMD measurements to identify high risk groups for treatment—a test analysis. J Bone Miner Res 19(6):906–13PubMedCrossRef Johansson H, Oden A, Johnell O et al (2004) Optimization of BMD measurements to identify high risk groups for treatment—a test analysis. J Bone Miner Res 19(6):906–13PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Leslie WD, Morin S, Lix LM et al (2012) Fracture risk assessment without bone density measurement in routine clinical practice. Osteoporos Int 23(1):75–85PubMedCrossRef Leslie WD, Morin S, Lix LM et al (2012) Fracture risk assessment without bone density measurement in routine clinical practice. Osteoporos Int 23(1):75–85PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Leslie WD, Majumdar SR, Lix LM et al (2012) High fracture probability with FRAX usually indicates densitometric osteoporosis: implications for clinical practice. Osteoporos Int 23(1):391–7PubMedCrossRef Leslie WD, Majumdar SR, Lix LM et al (2012) High fracture probability with FRAX usually indicates densitometric osteoporosis: implications for clinical practice. Osteoporos Int 23(1):391–7PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Oden A et al (2009) Ten-year fracture probability identifies women who will benefit from clodronate therapy—additional results from a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised study. Osteoporos Int 20(5):811–7PubMedCrossRef McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Oden A et al (2009) Ten-year fracture probability identifies women who will benefit from clodronate therapy—additional results from a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised study. Osteoporos Int 20(5):811–7PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A, McCloskey EV (2009) Bazedoxifene reduces vertebral and clinical fractures in postmenopausal women at high risk assessed with FRAX. Bone 44(6):1049–54PubMedCrossRef Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A, McCloskey EV (2009) Bazedoxifene reduces vertebral and clinical fractures in postmenopausal women at high risk assessed with FRAX. Bone 44(6):1049–54PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Boonen S, Black DM, Colon-Emeric CS et al (2010) Efficacy and safety of a once-yearly intravenous zoledronic acid 5 mg for fracture prevention in elderly postmenopausal women with osteoporosis aged 75 and older. J Am Geriatr Soc 58(2):292–9PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Boonen S, Black DM, Colon-Emeric CS et al (2010) Efficacy and safety of a once-yearly intravenous zoledronic acid 5 mg for fracture prevention in elderly postmenopausal women with osteoporosis aged 75 and older. J Am Geriatr Soc 58(2):292–9PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Metadata
Title
A BMD threshold for treatment efficacy in osteoporosis? A need to consider the whole evidence base
Author
E. McCloskey
Publication date
01-01-2016
Publisher
Springer London
Published in
Osteoporosis International / Issue 1/2016
Print ISSN: 0937-941X
Electronic ISSN: 1433-2965
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-015-3406-5

Other articles of this Issue 1/2016

Osteoporosis International 1/2016 Go to the issue