Association of polymorphisms in the beta-2 adrenergic receptor gene with fracture risk and bone mineral density

go back to reference Kajimura D, Hinoi E, Ferron M, Kode A, Riley KJ, Zhou B, Guo XE, Karsenty G (2011) Genetic determination of the cellular basis of the sympathetic regulation of bone mass accrual. J Exp Med Kajimura D, Hinoi E, Ferron M, Kode A, Riley KJ, Zhou B, Guo XE, Karsenty G (2011) Genetic determination of the cellular basis of the sympathetic regulation of bone mass accrual. J Exp Med

go back to reference Toulis KA, Hemming K, Stergianos S, Nirantharakumar K, Bilezikian JP (2013) +¦-Adrenergic receptor antagonists and fracture risk: a meta-analysis of selectivity, gender, and site-specific effects. Osteoporos Int 1–9 Toulis KA, Hemming K, Stergianos S, Nirantharakumar K, Bilezikian JP (2013) +¦-Adrenergic receptor antagonists and fracture risk: a meta-analysis of selectivity, gender, and site-specific effects. Osteoporos Int 1–9

go back to reference Rosenbaum DM, Rasmussen SGF, Kobilka BK (2009) The structure and function of G-protein-coupled receptors. Nature 459:356–63PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Rosenbaum DM, Rasmussen SGF, Kobilka BK (2009) The structure and function of G-protein-coupled receptors. Nature 459:356–63PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Reihsaus E, Innis M, MacIntyre N, Liggett SB (1993) Mutations in the gene encoding for the +¦2-adrenergic receptor in normal and asthmatic subjects. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 8:334–39PubMedCrossRef Reihsaus E, Innis M, MacIntyre N, Liggett SB (1993) Mutations in the gene encoding for the +¦2-adrenergic receptor in normal and asthmatic subjects. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 8:334–39PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Panebra A, Wang WC, Malone MM, Pitter DR, Weiss ST, Hawkins GA, Liggett SB (2010) Common ADRB2 haplotypes derived from 26 polymorphic sites direct beta2-adrenergic receptor expression and regulation phenotypes. PLoS One 5:e11819PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Panebra A, Wang WC, Malone MM, Pitter DR, Weiss ST, Hawkins GA, Liggett SB (2010) Common ADRB2 haplotypes derived from 26 polymorphic sites direct beta2-adrenergic receptor expression and regulation phenotypes. PLoS One 5:e11819PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Liggett SB (2000) Pharmacogenetics of beta-1- and beta-2-adrenergic receptors. Pharmacology 61:167–73PubMedCrossRef Liggett SB (2000) Pharmacogenetics of beta-1- and beta-2-adrenergic receptors. Pharmacology 61:167–73PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Green SA, Cole G, Jacinto M, Innis M, Liggett SB (1993) A polymorphism of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor within the fourth transmembrane domain alters ligand binding and functional properties of the receptor. J Biol Chem 268:23116–21PubMed Green SA, Cole G, Jacinto M, Innis M, Liggett SB (1993) A polymorphism of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor within the fourth transmembrane domain alters ligand binding and functional properties of the receptor. J Biol Chem 268:23116–21PubMed

go back to reference Green SA, Turki J, Innis M, Liggett SB (1994) Amino-terminal polymorphisms of the human. beta 2-Adrenergic receptor impart distinct agonist-promoted regulatory properties. Biochemistry 33:9414–19PubMedCrossRef Green SA, Turki J, Innis M, Liggett SB (1994) Amino-terminal polymorphisms of the human. beta 2-Adrenergic receptor impart distinct agonist-promoted regulatory properties. Biochemistry 33:9414–19PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Turki J, Lorenz JN, Green SA, Donnelly ET, Jacinto M, Liggett SB (1996) Myocardial signaling defects and impaired cardiac function of a human beta 2-adrenergic receptor polymorphism expressed in transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci 93:10483–88PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Turki J, Lorenz JN, Green SA, Donnelly ET, Jacinto M, Liggett SB (1996) Myocardial signaling defects and impaired cardiac function of a human beta 2-adrenergic receptor polymorphism expressed in transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci 93:10483–88PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Small KM, McGraw DW, Liggett SB (2003) Pharmacology and physiology of human adrenergic receptor polymorphisms. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 43:381–411PubMedCrossRef Small KM, McGraw DW, Liggett SB (2003) Pharmacology and physiology of human adrenergic receptor polymorphisms. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 43:381–411PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Ahles A, Engelhardt S (2009) Polymorphisms determine beta-adrenoceptor conformation: implications for cardiovascular disease and therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 30:188–93PubMedCrossRef Ahles A, Engelhardt S (2009) Polymorphisms determine beta-adrenoceptor conformation: implications for cardiovascular disease and therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 30:188–93PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Leineweber K, Heusch G (2009) Beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms and cardiovascular diseases. Br J Pharmacol 158:61–69PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Leineweber K, Heusch G (2009) Beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms and cardiovascular diseases. Br J Pharmacol 158:61–69PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Brodde OE (2008) Beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms and cardiovascular diseases. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 22:107–25PubMedCrossRef Brodde OE (2008) Beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms and cardiovascular diseases. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 22:107–25PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Johnson JA, Liggett SB (2011) Cardiovascular pharmacogenomics of adrenergic receptor signaling: clinical implications and future directions. Clin Pharmacol Ther 89:366–78PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Johnson JA, Liggett SB (2011) Cardiovascular pharmacogenomics of adrenergic receptor signaling: clinical implications and future directions. Clin Pharmacol Ther 89:366–78PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Martinez FD, Graves PE, Baldini M, Solomon S, Erickson R (1997) Association between genetic polymorphisms of the beta2-adrenoceptor and response to albuterol in children with and without a history of wheezing. J Clin Invest 100:3184–88PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Martinez FD, Graves PE, Baldini M, Solomon S, Erickson R (1997) Association between genetic polymorphisms of the beta2-adrenoceptor and response to albuterol in children with and without a history of wheezing. J Clin Invest 100:3184–88PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Lipworth BJ, Basu K, Donald HP, Tavendale R, Macgregor DF, Ogston SA, Palmer CNA, Mukhopadhyay S (2013) Tailored second-line therapy in asthmatic children with the Arg16 genotype. Clin Sci 124:521–28PubMedCrossRef Lipworth BJ, Basu K, Donald HP, Tavendale R, Macgregor DF, Ogston SA, Palmer CNA, Mukhopadhyay S (2013) Tailored second-line therapy in asthmatic children with the Arg16 genotype. Clin Sci 124:521–28PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Large V, Hellstrom L, Reynisdottir S, Lonnqvist F, Eriksson P, Lannfelt L, Arner P (1997) Human beta-2 adrenoceptor gene polymorphisms are highly frequent in obesity and associate with altered adipocyte beta-2 adrenoceptor function. J Clin Invest 100:3005–13PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Large V, Hellstrom L, Reynisdottir S, Lonnqvist F, Eriksson P, Lannfelt L, Arner P (1997) Human beta-2 adrenoceptor gene polymorphisms are highly frequent in obesity and associate with altered adipocyte beta-2 adrenoceptor function. J Clin Invest 100:3005–13PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Kulminski AM, Culminskaya I, Ukraintseva SV, Arbeev KG, Land KC, Yashin AI (2010) Beta2-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms as systemic determinants of healthy aging in an evolutionary context. Mech Ageing Dev 131:338–45PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Kulminski AM, Culminskaya I, Ukraintseva SV, Arbeev KG, Land KC, Yashin AI (2010) Beta2-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms as systemic determinants of healthy aging in an evolutionary context. Mech Ageing Dev 131:338–45PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Adriani KS, Brouwer MC, Baas F, Zwinderman AH, van der Ende A, van de Beek D (2012) Genetic variation in the +¦2-adrenocepter gene is associated with susceptibility to bacterial meningitis in adults. PLoS ONE 7:e37618PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Adriani KS, Brouwer MC, Baas F, Zwinderman AH, van der Ende A, van de Beek D (2012) Genetic variation in the +¦2-adrenocepter gene is associated with susceptibility to bacterial meningitis in adults. PLoS ONE 7:e37618PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Chu X, Dong Y, Shen M, Sun L, Dong C, Wang Y, Wang B, Zhang K, Hua Q, Xu S, Huang W (2009) Polymorphisms in the ADRB2 gene and Graves disease: a case–control study and a meta-analysis of available evidence. BMC Med Genet 10:26PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Chu X, Dong Y, Shen M, Sun L, Dong C, Wang Y, Wang B, Zhang K, Hua Q, Xu S, Huang W (2009) Polymorphisms in the ADRB2 gene and Graves disease: a case–control study and a meta-analysis of available evidence. BMC Med Genet 10:26PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Wieren-de Wijer D, Maitland-van der Zee A-H, Boer A, Stricker B, Kroon A, Leeuw P, Bozkurt O, Klungel O (2009) Recruitment of participants through community pharmacies for a pharmacogenetic study of antihypertensive drug treatment. Pharm World Sci 31:158–64PubMedCrossRef Wieren-de Wijer D, Maitland-van der Zee A-H, Boer A, Stricker B, Kroon A, Leeuw P, Bozkurt O, Klungel O (2009) Recruitment of participants through community pharmacies for a pharmacogenetic study of antihypertensive drug treatment. Pharm World Sci 31:158–64PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference van Wieren-de Wijer DB, Maitland-van der Zee A-H, de Boer A, Kroon AA, de Leeuw PW, Schiffers P, Janssen RG, Psaty BM, van Duijn CM, Stricker BH, Klungel OH (2009) Interaction between the Gly460Trp +¦-adducin gene variant and diuretics on the risk of myocardial infarction. J Hypertens 27 van Wieren-de Wijer DB, Maitland-van der Zee A-H, de Boer A, Kroon AA, de Leeuw PW, Schiffers P, Janssen RG, Psaty BM, van Duijn CM, Stricker BH, Klungel OH (2009) Interaction between the Gly460Trp +¦-adducin gene variant and diuretics on the risk of myocardial infarction. J Hypertens 27

go back to reference Keating BJ, Tischfield S, Murray SS, Bhangale T, Price TS, Glessner JT, Galver L, Barrett JC, Grant SFA, Farlow DN, Chandrupatla HR, Hansen M, Ajmal S, Papanicolaou GJ, Guo Y, Li M, DerOhannessian S, de Bakker PIW, Bailey SD, Montpetit A, Edmondson AC, Taylor K, Gai X, Wang SS, Fornage M, Shaikh T, Groop L, Boehnke M, Hall AS, Hattersley AT, Frackelton E, Patterson N, Chiang CWK, Kim CE, Fabsitz RR, Ouwehand W, Price AL, Munroe P, Caulfield M, Drake T, Boerwinkle E, Reich D, Whitehead AS, Cappola TP, Samani NJ, Lusis AJ, Schadt E, Wilson JG, Koenig W, McCarthy MI, Kathiresan S, Gabriel SB, Hakonarson H, Anand SS, Reilly M, Engert JC, Nickerson DA, Rader DJ, Hirschhorn JN, FitzGerald GA (2008) Concept, Design and Implementation of a Cardiovascular Gene-Centric 50 K SNP Array for Large-Scale Genomic Association Studies. PLoS ONE 3:e3583PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Keating BJ, Tischfield S, Murray SS, Bhangale T, Price TS, Glessner JT, Galver L, Barrett JC, Grant SFA, Farlow DN, Chandrupatla HR, Hansen M, Ajmal S, Papanicolaou GJ, Guo Y, Li M, DerOhannessian S, de Bakker PIW, Bailey SD, Montpetit A, Edmondson AC, Taylor K, Gai X, Wang SS, Fornage M, Shaikh T, Groop L, Boehnke M, Hall AS, Hattersley AT, Frackelton E, Patterson N, Chiang CWK, Kim CE, Fabsitz RR, Ouwehand W, Price AL, Munroe P, Caulfield M, Drake T, Boerwinkle E, Reich D, Whitehead AS, Cappola TP, Samani NJ, Lusis AJ, Schadt E, Wilson JG, Koenig W, McCarthy MI, Kathiresan S, Gabriel SB, Hakonarson H, Anand SS, Reilly M, Engert JC, Nickerson DA, Rader DJ, Hirschhorn JN, FitzGerald GA (2008) Concept, Design and Implementation of a Cardiovascular Gene-Centric 50 K SNP Array for Large-Scale Genomic Association Studies. PLoS ONE 3:e3583PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Purcell S, Neale B, Todd-Brown K, Thomas L, Ferreira MAR, Bender D, Maller J, Sklar P, de Bakker PIW, Daly MJ, Sham PC (2007) PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses. Am J Hum Genet 81:559–75PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Purcell S, Neale B, Todd-Brown K, Thomas L, Ferreira MAR, Bender D, Maller J, Sklar P, de Bakker PIW, Daly MJ, Sham PC (2007) PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses. Am J Hum Genet 81:559–75PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Price AL, Patterson NJ, Plenge RM, Weinblatt ME, Shadick NA, Reich D (2006) Principal components analysis corrects for stratification in genome-wide association studies. Nat Genet 38:904–9PubMedCrossRef Price AL, Patterson NJ, Plenge RM, Weinblatt ME, Shadick NA, Reich D (2006) Principal components analysis corrects for stratification in genome-wide association studies. Nat Genet 38:904–9PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Hofman A, Murad S, Duijn C, Franco O, Goedegebure A, Arfan Ikram M, Klaver C, Nijsten T, Peeters R, Stricker B, Tiemeier H, Uitterlinden AG, Vernooij M (2013) The Rotterdam Study: 2014 objectives and design update. Eur J Epidemiol 28:889–926PubMedCrossRef Hofman A, Murad S, Duijn C, Franco O, Goedegebure A, Arfan Ikram M, Klaver C, Nijsten T, Peeters R, Stricker B, Tiemeier H, Uitterlinden AG, Vernooij M (2013) The Rotterdam Study: 2014 objectives and design update. Eur J Epidemiol 28:889–926PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference (2007) A second generation human haplotype map of over 3.1 million SNPs. Nature 449: 851–61 (2007) A second generation human haplotype map of over 3.1 million SNPs. Nature 449: 851–61

go back to reference Estrada K, Styrkarsdottir U, Evangelou E, Hsu YH, Duncan EL, Ntzani EE, Oei L, Albagha OME, Amin N, Kemp JP, Koller DL, Li G, Liu CT, Minster RL, Moayyeri A, Vandenput L, Willner D, Xiao SM, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Zheng HF, Alonso N, Eriksson J, Kammerer CM, Kaptoge SK, Leo PJ, Thorleifsson G, Wilson SG, Wilson JF, Aalto V, Alen M, Aragaki AK, Aspelund T, Center JR, Dailiana Z, Duggan DJ, Garcia M, Garcia-Giralt N, Giroux S, Hallmans G, Hocking LJ, Husted LB, Jameson KA, Khusainova R, Kim GS, Kooperberg C, Koromila T, Kruk M, Laaksonen M, LaCroix AZ, Lee SH, Leung PC, Lewis JR, Masi L, Mencej-Bedrac S, Nguyen TV, Nogues X, Patel MS, Prezelj J, Rose LM, Scollen S, Siggeirsdottir K, Smith AV, Svensson O, Trompet S, Trummer O, van Schoor NM, Woo J, Zhu K, Balcells S, Brandi ML, Buckley BM, Cheng S, Christiansen C, Cooper C, Dedoussis G, Ford I, Frost M, Goltzman D, Gonzalez-Macias J, Kahonen M, Karlsson M, Khusnutdinova E, Koh JM, Kollia P, Langdahl BL, Leslie WD, Lips P, Ljunggren O, Lorenc RS, Marc J, Mellstrom D, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Olmos JM, Pettersson-Kymmer U, Reid DM, Riancho JA, Ridker PM, Rousseau F, Lagboom PE, Tang NLS, Urreizti R, Van Hul W, Viikari J, Zarrabeitia MT, Aulchenko YS, Castano-Betancourt M, Grundberg E, Herrera L, Ingvarsson T, Johannsdottir H, Kwan T, Li R, Luben R, Medina-Gomez C, Th Palsson S, Reppe S, Rotter JI, Sigurdsson G, van Meurs JBJ, Verlaan D, Williams FMK, Wood AR, Zhou Y, Gautvik KM, Pastinen T, Raychaudhuri S, Cauley JA, Chasman DI, Clark GR, Cummings SR, Danoy P, Dennison EM, Eastell R, Eisman JA, Gudnason V, Hofman A, Jackson RD, Jones G, Jukema JW, Khaw KT, Lehtimaki T, Liu Y, Lorentzon M, McCloskey E, Mitchell BD, Nandakumar K, Nicholson GC, Oostra BA, Peacock M, Pols HAP, Prince RL, Raitakari O, Reid IR, Robbins J, Sambrook PN, Sham PC, Shuldiner AR, Tylavsky FA, van Duijn CM, Wareham NJ, Cupples LA, Econs MJ, Evans DM, Harris TB, Kung AWC, Psaty BM, Reeve J, Spector TD, Streeten EA, Zillikens MC, Thorsteinsdottir U, Ohlsson C, Karasik D, Richards JB, Brown MA, Stefansson K, Uitterlinden AG, Ralston SH, Ioannidis JPA, Kiel DP, Rivadeneira F (2012) Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 56 bone mineral density loci and reveals 14 loci associated with risk of fracture. Nat Genet 44:491–501PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Estrada K, Styrkarsdottir U, Evangelou E, Hsu YH, Duncan EL, Ntzani EE, Oei L, Albagha OME, Amin N, Kemp JP, Koller DL, Li G, Liu CT, Minster RL, Moayyeri A, Vandenput L, Willner D, Xiao SM, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Zheng HF, Alonso N, Eriksson J, Kammerer CM, Kaptoge SK, Leo PJ, Thorleifsson G, Wilson SG, Wilson JF, Aalto V, Alen M, Aragaki AK, Aspelund T, Center JR, Dailiana Z, Duggan DJ, Garcia M, Garcia-Giralt N, Giroux S, Hallmans G, Hocking LJ, Husted LB, Jameson KA, Khusainova R, Kim GS, Kooperberg C, Koromila T, Kruk M, Laaksonen M, LaCroix AZ, Lee SH, Leung PC, Lewis JR, Masi L, Mencej-Bedrac S, Nguyen TV, Nogues X, Patel MS, Prezelj J, Rose LM, Scollen S, Siggeirsdottir K, Smith AV, Svensson O, Trompet S, Trummer O, van Schoor NM, Woo J, Zhu K, Balcells S, Brandi ML, Buckley BM, Cheng S, Christiansen C, Cooper C, Dedoussis G, Ford I, Frost M, Goltzman D, Gonzalez-Macias J, Kahonen M, Karlsson M, Khusnutdinova E, Koh JM, Kollia P, Langdahl BL, Leslie WD, Lips P, Ljunggren O, Lorenc RS, Marc J, Mellstrom D, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Olmos JM, Pettersson-Kymmer U, Reid DM, Riancho JA, Ridker PM, Rousseau F, Lagboom PE, Tang NLS, Urreizti R, Van Hul W, Viikari J, Zarrabeitia MT, Aulchenko YS, Castano-Betancourt M, Grundberg E, Herrera L, Ingvarsson T, Johannsdottir H, Kwan T, Li R, Luben R, Medina-Gomez C, Th Palsson S, Reppe S, Rotter JI, Sigurdsson G, van Meurs JBJ, Verlaan D, Williams FMK, Wood AR, Zhou Y, Gautvik KM, Pastinen T, Raychaudhuri S, Cauley JA, Chasman DI, Clark GR, Cummings SR, Danoy P, Dennison EM, Eastell R, Eisman JA, Gudnason V, Hofman A, Jackson RD, Jones G, Jukema JW, Khaw KT, Lehtimaki T, Liu Y, Lorentzon M, McCloskey E, Mitchell BD, Nandakumar K, Nicholson GC, Oostra BA, Peacock M, Pols HAP, Prince RL, Raitakari O, Reid IR, Robbins J, Sambrook PN, Sham PC, Shuldiner AR, Tylavsky FA, van Duijn CM, Wareham NJ, Cupples LA, Econs MJ, Evans DM, Harris TB, Kung AWC, Psaty BM, Reeve J, Spector TD, Streeten EA, Zillikens MC, Thorsteinsdottir U, Ohlsson C, Karasik D, Richards JB, Brown MA, Stefansson K, Uitterlinden AG, Ralston SH, Ioannidis JPA, Kiel DP, Rivadeneira F (2012) Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 56 bone mineral density loci and reveals 14 loci associated with risk of fracture. Nat Genet 44:491–501PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Li Y DJAG (2006) Mach 1.0: Rapid haplotype reconstruction and missing genotype inference. Abstract 2290, presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics, New Orleans Li Y DJAG (2006) Mach 1.0: Rapid haplotype reconstruction and missing genotype inference. Abstract 2290, presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics, New Orleans

go back to reference Estrada K, Abuseiris A, Grosveld FG, Uitterlinden AG, Knoch TA, Rivadeneira F (2009) GRIMP: a web- and grid-based tool for high-speed analysis of large-scale genome-wide association using imputed data. Bioinformatics 25:2750–2752PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Estrada K, Abuseiris A, Grosveld FG, Uitterlinden AG, Knoch TA, Rivadeneira F (2009) GRIMP: a web- and grid-based tool for high-speed analysis of large-scale genome-wide association using imputed data. Bioinformatics 25:2750–2752PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

go back to reference R Core Team (2013) R: A language and environment for statistical computing R Core Team (2013) R: A language and environment for statistical computing

go back to reference Sinnwell JP, Schaid DJ (2013) haplo.stats: statistical analysis of haplotypes with traits and covariates when linkage phase is ambiguous Sinnwell JP, Schaid DJ (2013) haplo.stats: statistical analysis of haplotypes with traits and covariates when linkage phase is ambiguous

go back to reference Elefteriou F, Ahn JD, Takeda S, Starbuck M, Yang X, Liu X, Kondo H, Richards WG, Bannon TW, Noda M, Clement K, Vaisse C, Karsenty G (2005) Leptin regulation of bone resorption by the sympathetic nervous system and CART. Nature 434:514–20PubMedCrossRef Elefteriou F, Ahn JD, Takeda S, Starbuck M, Yang X, Liu X, Kondo H, Richards WG, Bannon TW, Noda M, Clement K, Vaisse C, Karsenty G (2005) Leptin regulation of bone resorption by the sympathetic nervous system and CART. Nature 434:514–20PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Arai M, Sato T, Takeuchi S, Goto S, Togari A (2013) Dose effects of butoxamine, a selective +¦2-adrenoceptor antagonist, on bone metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rat. Eur J Pharmacol 701:7–13PubMedCrossRef Arai M, Sato T, Takeuchi S, Goto S, Togari A (2013) Dose effects of butoxamine, a selective +¦2-adrenoceptor antagonist, on bone metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rat. Eur J Pharmacol 701:7–13PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Kondo H, Togari A (2011) Continuous treatment with a low-dose +¦-agonist reduces bone mass by increasing bone resorption without suppressing bone formation. Calcif Tissue Int 88:23–32PubMedCrossRef Kondo H, Togari A (2011) Continuous treatment with a low-dose +¦-agonist reduces bone mass by increasing bone resorption without suppressing bone formation. Calcif Tissue Int 88:23–32PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Bonnet N, Benhamou CL, Brunet-Imbault B, Arlettaz A, Horcajada MN, Richard O, Vico L, Collomp K, Courteix D (2005) Severe bone alterations under beta2 agonist treatments: bone mass, microarchitecture and strength analyses in female rats. Bone 37:622–33PubMedCrossRef Bonnet N, Benhamou CL, Brunet-Imbault B, Arlettaz A, Horcajada MN, Richard O, Vico L, Collomp K, Courteix D (2005) Severe bone alterations under beta2 agonist treatments: bone mass, microarchitecture and strength analyses in female rats. Bone 37:622–33PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Veldhuis-Vlug AG, El Mahdiui M, Endert E, Heijboer AC, Fliers E, Bisschop PH (2012) Bone resorption is increased in pheochromocytoma patients and normalizes following adrenalectomy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97:E2093–E2097PubMedCrossRef Veldhuis-Vlug AG, El Mahdiui M, Endert E, Heijboer AC, Fliers E, Bisschop PH (2012) Bone resorption is increased in pheochromocytoma patients and normalizes following adrenalectomy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97:E2093–E2097PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Farr JN, Charkoudian N, Barnes JN, Monroe DG, McCready LK, Atkinson EJ, Amin S, Melton LJ, Joyner MJ, Khosla S (2012) Relationship of sympathetic activity to bone microstructure, turnover, and plasma osteopontin levels in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97:4219–27PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Farr JN, Charkoudian N, Barnes JN, Monroe DG, McCready LK, Atkinson EJ, Amin S, Melton LJ, Joyner MJ, Khosla S (2012) Relationship of sympathetic activity to bone microstructure, turnover, and plasma osteopontin levels in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97:4219–27PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Pierroz DD, Bonnet N, Bianchi EN, Bouxsein ML, Baldock PA, Rizzoli R, Ferrari SL (2012) Deletion of +¦-adrenergic receptor 1, 2, or both leads to different bone phenotypes and response to mechanical stimulation. J Bone Miner Res 27:1252–62PubMedCrossRef Pierroz DD, Bonnet N, Bianchi EN, Bouxsein ML, Baldock PA, Rizzoli R, Ferrari SL (2012) Deletion of +¦-adrenergic receptor 1, 2, or both leads to different bone phenotypes and response to mechanical stimulation. J Bone Miner Res 27:1252–62PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Bouxsein ML, Devlin MJ, Glatt V, Dhillon H, Pierroz DD, Ferrari SL (2009) Mice lacking beta-adrenergic receptors have increased bone mass but are not protected from deleterious skeletal effects of ovariectomy. Endocrinology 150:144–52PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Bouxsein ML, Devlin MJ, Glatt V, Dhillon H, Pierroz DD, Ferrari SL (2009) Mice lacking beta-adrenergic receptors have increased bone mass but are not protected from deleterious skeletal effects of ovariectomy. Endocrinology 150:144–52PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Fonseca TL, Jorgetti V, Costa CC, Capelo LP, Covarrubias AE, Moulatlet AC, Teixeira MB, Hesse E, Morethson P, Beber EH, Freitas FR, Wang CC, Nonaka KO, Oliveira R, Casarini DE, Zorn TM, Brum PC, Gouveia CH (2011) Double disruption of +¦2A- and +¦2C -adrenoceptors results in sympathetic hyperactivity and high-bone-mass phenotype. J Bone Miner Res 26:591–603PubMedCrossRef Fonseca TL, Jorgetti V, Costa CC, Capelo LP, Covarrubias AE, Moulatlet AC, Teixeira MB, Hesse E, Morethson P, Beber EH, Freitas FR, Wang CC, Nonaka KO, Oliveira R, Casarini DE, Zorn TM, Brum PC, Gouveia CH (2011) Double disruption of +¦2A- and +¦2C -adrenoceptors results in sympathetic hyperactivity and high-bone-mass phenotype. J Bone Miner Res 26:591–603PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Mitchell EJ, Canter J, Norris P, Jenkins J, Morris J (2010) The genetics of heterotopic ossification: insight into the bone remodeling pathway. J Orthop Trauma 24:530–533PubMedCrossRef Mitchell EJ, Canter J, Norris P, Jenkins J, Morris J (2010) The genetics of heterotopic ossification: insight into the bone remodeling pathway. J Orthop Trauma 24:530–533PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Liu YJ, Zhang L, Pei Y, Papasian CJ, Deng HW (2013) On genome-wide association studies and their meta-analyses: lessons learned from osteoporosis studies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98:E1278–E1282PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Liu YJ, Zhang L, Pei Y, Papasian CJ, Deng HW (2013) On genome-wide association studies and their meta-analyses: lessons learned from osteoporosis studies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98:E1278–E1282PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Ralston SH, Uitterlinden AG (2010) Genetics of osteoporosis. Endocr Rev 31:629–62PubMedCrossRef Ralston SH, Uitterlinden AG (2010) Genetics of osteoporosis. Endocr Rev 31:629–62PubMedCrossRef