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Osteoporosis International
Published in: Osteoporosis International 1/2012

Open Access 01-02-2012 | Consensus Statement

Extraskeletal benefits and risks of calcium, vitamin D and anti-osteoporosis medications

Authors: J.-J. Body, P. Bergmann, S. Boonen, J.-P. Devogelaer, E. Gielen, S. Goemaere, J.-M. Kaufman, S. Rozenberg, J.-Y. Reginster

Published in: Osteoporosis International | Special Issue 1/2012

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Abstract

Summary

Drugs used for the prevention and the treatment of osteoporosis exert various favourable and unfavourable extra-skeletal effects whose importance is increasingly recognized notably for treatment selection.

Introduction

The therapeutic armamentarium for the prevention and the treatment of osteoporosis is increasingly large, and possible extra-skeletal effects of available drugs could influence the choice of a particular compound.

Methods

The present document is the result of a national consensus, based on a systematic and critical review of the literature.

Results

Observational research has suggested an inverse relationship between calcium intake and cardiovascular diseases, notably through an effect on blood pressure, but recent data suggest a possible deleterious effect of calcium supplements on cardiovascular risk. Many diverse studies have implicated vitamin D in the pathogenesis of clinically important non-skeletal functions or diseases, especially muscle function, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune diseases and common cancers. The possible effects of oral or intravenous bisphosphonates are well-known. They have been associated with an increased risk of oesophageal cancer or atrial fibrillation, but large-scale studies have not found any association with bisphosphonate use. Selective oestrogen receptor modulators have demonstrated favourable or unfavourable extra-skeletal effects that vary between compounds. Strontium ranelate has a limited number of non-skeletal effects. A reported increase in the risk of venous thromboembolism is not found in observational studies, and very rare cases of cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions have been reported. Denosumab has been introduced recently, and its extra-skeletal effects still have to be assessed.

Conclusion

Several non-skeletal effects of bone drugs are well demonstrated and influence treatment choices.
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Metadata
Title
Extraskeletal benefits and risks of calcium, vitamin D and anti-osteoporosis medications
Authors
J.-J. Body
P. Bergmann
S. Boonen
J.-P. Devogelaer
E. Gielen
S. Goemaere
J.-M. Kaufman
S. Rozenberg
J.-Y. Reginster
Publication date
01-02-2012
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Osteoporosis International / Issue Special Issue 1/2012
Print ISSN: 0937-941X
Electronic ISSN: 1433-2965
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-011-1891-8