Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Osteoporosis International 3/2011

01-03-2011 | Original Article

Fragility fractures and the osteoporosis care gap in women: the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study

Authors: L.-A. Fraser, G. Ioannidis, J. D. Adachi, L. Pickard, S. M. Kaiser, J. Prior, J. P. Brown, D. A. Hanley, W. P. Olszynski, T. Anastassiades, S. Jamal, R. Josse, D. Goltzman, A. Papaioannou, the CaMos Research Group

Published in: Osteoporosis International | Issue 3/2011

Login to get access

Abstract

Summary

Canadian women over 50 years old were studied over a 10-year period to see if those who sustained a fracture (caused by minimal trauma) were receiving the recommended osteoporosis therapy. We found that approximately half of these women were not being treated, indicating a significant care gap in osteoporosis treatment.

Introduction

Prevalent fragility fracture strongly predicts future fracture. Previous studies have indicated that women with fragility fractures are not receiving the indicated treatment. We aimed to describe post fracture care in Canadian women using a large, population-based prospective cohort that began in 1995–1997.

Methods

We followed 5,566 women over 50 years of age from across Canada over a period of 10 years in the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study. Information on medication use and incident clinical fragility fractures was obtained during a yearly questionnaire or interview and fractures were confirmed by radiographic/medical reports.

Results

Over the 10-year study period, 42–56% of women with yearly incident clinical fragility fractures were not treated with an osteoporosis medication. During year 1 of the study, 22% of the women who had experienced a fragility fracture were on treatment with a bisphosphonate and 26% were on hormone therapy (HT). We were not able to differentiate HT use for menopause symptoms vs osteoporosis. Use of bisphosphonate therapy increased over time; odds ratio (OR) for use at year 10 compared to use at year 1 was 3.65 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.83–7.26). In contrast, HT use declined, with an OR of 0.07 (95%CI 0.02–0.24) at year 10 compared to year 1 of the study.

Conclusion

In a large population-based cohort study, we found a therapeutic care gap in women with osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Although bisphosphonate therapy usage improved over time, a substantial gap remains.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Kanis JA, Johnell O, De Laet C et al (2004) A meta-analysis of previous fracture and subsequent fracture risk. Bone 35:375–382CrossRefPubMed Kanis JA, Johnell O, De Laet C et al (2004) A meta-analysis of previous fracture and subsequent fracture risk. Bone 35:375–382CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Ross PD, Davis JW, Epstein RS, Wasnich RD (1991) Pre-existing fractures and bone mass predict vertebral fracture incidence in women. Ann Intern Med 114:919–923PubMed Ross PD, Davis JW, Epstein RS, Wasnich RD (1991) Pre-existing fractures and bone mass predict vertebral fracture incidence in women. Ann Intern Med 114:919–923PubMed
3.
go back to reference Brown JP, Josse RG (2002) 2002 clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in Canada. CMAJ 167:S1–S34PubMed Brown JP, Josse RG (2002) 2002 clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in Canada. CMAJ 167:S1–S34PubMed
4.
go back to reference Siminoski K, Leslie WD, Frame H, Hodsman A, Josse RG, Khan A, Lentle BC, Levesque J, Lyons DJ, Tarulli G, Brown JP (2007) Recommendations for bone mineral density reporting in Canada: a shift to absolute fracture risk assessment. J Clin Densitom 10:120–123CrossRefPubMed Siminoski K, Leslie WD, Frame H, Hodsman A, Josse RG, Khan A, Lentle BC, Levesque J, Lyons DJ, Tarulli G, Brown JP (2007) Recommendations for bone mineral density reporting in Canada: a shift to absolute fracture risk assessment. J Clin Densitom 10:120–123CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference The National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) Clinician's Guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis 2008. National Osteoporosis Foundation, Washington, DC The National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) Clinician's Guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis 2008. National Osteoporosis Foundation, Washington, DC
6.
go back to reference AACE Osteoporosis Task Force (2003) American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: 2001 edition, with selected updates for 2003. Endocr Pract 9:544–564 AACE Osteoporosis Task Force (2003) American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: 2001 edition, with selected updates for 2003. Endocr Pract 9:544–564
7.
go back to reference Papaioannou A, Kennedy CC, Ioannidis G, Sawka A, Hopman WM, Pickard L, Brown JP et al (2009) The impact of incident fractures on health-related quality of life: 5 years of data from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study. Osteoporos Int 20:703–714CrossRefPubMed Papaioannou A, Kennedy CC, Ioannidis G, Sawka A, Hopman WM, Pickard L, Brown JP et al (2009) The impact of incident fractures on health-related quality of life: 5 years of data from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study. Osteoporos Int 20:703–714CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Kado KM, Browner WS, Palermo L, Nevitt MC, Genant HK, Cummings SR (1999) Vertebral fractures and mortality in older women: a prospective study. Study of Osteoporostic Fractures Research Group. Arch Intern Med 159:1215–1220CrossRefPubMed Kado KM, Browner WS, Palermo L, Nevitt MC, Genant HK, Cummings SR (1999) Vertebral fractures and mortality in older women: a prospective study. Study of Osteoporostic Fractures Research Group. Arch Intern Med 159:1215–1220CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Ioannidis G, Papaioannou A, Hopman WM et al (2009) Relation between fractures and mortality: results from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study. CMAJ 181:265–271PubMed Ioannidis G, Papaioannou A, Hopman WM et al (2009) Relation between fractures and mortality: results from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study. CMAJ 181:265–271PubMed
11.
go back to reference Ensrud KE, Thompson DE, Cauley JA et al (2000) Prevalent vertebral deformities predict mortality and hospitalization in older women with low bone mass. Fracture Intervention Trial Research Group. J Am Geriatr Soc 48:241–249PubMed Ensrud KE, Thompson DE, Cauley JA et al (2000) Prevalent vertebral deformities predict mortality and hospitalization in older women with low bone mass. Fracture Intervention Trial Research Group. J Am Geriatr Soc 48:241–249PubMed
12.
go back to reference Bessette L, Ste-Marie LG, Jean S et al (2008) The care gap in diagnosis and treatment of women with a fragility fracture. Osteoporos Int 19:79–86CrossRefPubMed Bessette L, Ste-Marie LG, Jean S et al (2008) The care gap in diagnosis and treatment of women with a fragility fracture. Osteoporos Int 19:79–86CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Black DM, Cummings SR, Karpf DB, Cauley JA, Thompson DE, Nevitt MC, Bauer DC, Genant HK, Haskell WL, Marcus R, Ott SM, Torner JC, Quandt SA, Reiss TF, Ensrud KE (1996) Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures. Fracture Intervention Trial Research Group. Lancet 348:1535–1541CrossRefPubMed Black DM, Cummings SR, Karpf DB, Cauley JA, Thompson DE, Nevitt MC, Bauer DC, Genant HK, Haskell WL, Marcus R, Ott SM, Torner JC, Quandt SA, Reiss TF, Ensrud KE (1996) Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures. Fracture Intervention Trial Research Group. Lancet 348:1535–1541CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Cranney A, Wells G, Willan A, Griffith L, Zytaruk N, Robinson V, Black D, Adachi J, Shea B, Tugwell P et al (2002) Meta-analyses of therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis. II. Meta-analysis of alendronate for the treatment of postmenopausal women. Endocr Rev 23:508–516CrossRefPubMed Cranney A, Wells G, Willan A, Griffith L, Zytaruk N, Robinson V, Black D, Adachi J, Shea B, Tugwell P et al (2002) Meta-analyses of therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis. II. Meta-analysis of alendronate for the treatment of postmenopausal women. Endocr Rev 23:508–516CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Wells GA, Cranney A, Peterson J, Boucher M, Shea B, Robinson V, Coyle D, Tugwell P (2002) Alendronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 23:CD001155 Wells GA, Cranney A, Peterson J, Boucher M, Shea B, Robinson V, Coyle D, Tugwell P (2002) Alendronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 23:CD001155
16.
go back to reference Cranney A, Welch V, Adachi JD, Guyatt G, Krolicki N, Griffith L, Shea B, Tugwell P, Wells G (2001) Etidronate for treating and preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4:CD003376PubMed Cranney A, Welch V, Adachi JD, Guyatt G, Krolicki N, Griffith L, Shea B, Tugwell P, Wells G (2001) Etidronate for treating and preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4:CD003376PubMed
17.
go back to reference Cranney A, Waldegger L, Zytaruk N, Shea B, Weaver B, Papaioannou A, Robinson V, Wells G, Tugwell P, Adachi JD, Guyatt G (2003) Risedronate for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. 4:CD004523 Cranney A, Waldegger L, Zytaruk N, Shea B, Weaver B, Papaioannou A, Robinson V, Wells G, Tugwell P, Adachi JD, Guyatt G (2003) Risedronate for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. 4:CD004523
18.
go back to reference Hajcsar EE, Hawker G, Bogoch ER (2000) Investigation and treatment of osteoporosis in patients with fragility fracture. Can Med Assoc J 163:819–822 Hajcsar EE, Hawker G, Bogoch ER (2000) Investigation and treatment of osteoporosis in patients with fragility fracture. Can Med Assoc J 163:819–822
19.
go back to reference Papaioannou A, Giangregorio L, Kvern B et al (2004) The osteoporosis care gap in Canada. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 5:11CrossRefPubMed Papaioannou A, Giangregorio L, Kvern B et al (2004) The osteoporosis care gap in Canada. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 5:11CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Giangregorio L, Papaioanou A, Cranney A, Zytaruk N, Adachi JD (2006) Fragility Fractures and the osteoporosis care gap: an international phenomenon. Semin Arthritis Rheum 35:293–305CrossRefPubMed Giangregorio L, Papaioanou A, Cranney A, Zytaruk N, Adachi JD (2006) Fragility Fractures and the osteoporosis care gap: an international phenomenon. Semin Arthritis Rheum 35:293–305CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Papaioannou A, Kennedy CC, Ioannidis G et al (2008) The osteoporosis care gap in men with fragility fractures: the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study. Osteoporos Int 19:581–587CrossRefPubMed Papaioannou A, Kennedy CC, Ioannidis G et al (2008) The osteoporosis care gap in men with fragility fractures: the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study. Osteoporos Int 19:581–587CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Kreiger N, Tenenhouse A, Joseph L, Mackenzie T, Poliquin S, Brown JP, Prior JC, Rittmaster RS (1999) The Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos): background, rationale, methods. Can J Aging 18:376–387CrossRef Kreiger N, Tenenhouse A, Joseph L, Mackenzie T, Poliquin S, Brown JP, Prior JC, Rittmaster RS (1999) The Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos): background, rationale, methods. Can J Aging 18:376–387CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Kingwell E, Prior JC, Ratner PA, Kennedy SM (2010) Direct-to-participant feedback and awareness of bone mineral density testing results in a population-based sample of mid-aged Canadians. Osteoporos Int 21:307–319CrossRefPubMed Kingwell E, Prior JC, Ratner PA, Kennedy SM (2010) Direct-to-participant feedback and awareness of bone mineral density testing results in a population-based sample of mid-aged Canadians. Osteoporos Int 21:307–319CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Liang K-Y, Zeger SL (1986) Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linearmodels. Biometrika 73:13–22CrossRef Liang K-Y, Zeger SL (1986) Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linearmodels. Biometrika 73:13–22CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Feldstein AC, Nichols GA, Elmer PJ, Smith DH, Aickin M, Herson M (2003) Older women with fractures: patients falling through the cracks of guideline-recommended osteoporosis screening and treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am 85:2294–2302PubMed Feldstein AC, Nichols GA, Elmer PJ, Smith DH, Aickin M, Herson M (2003) Older women with fractures: patients falling through the cracks of guideline-recommended osteoporosis screening and treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am 85:2294–2302PubMed
26.
go back to reference Feldstein A, Elmer PJ, Orwoll E, Herson M, Hillier T (2003) Bone mineral density measurement and treatment for osteoporosis in older individuals with fractures. A gap in evidence-based practice guideline implementation. Arch Intern Med 163:2165–2172CrossRefPubMed Feldstein A, Elmer PJ, Orwoll E, Herson M, Hillier T (2003) Bone mineral density measurement and treatment for osteoporosis in older individuals with fractures. A gap in evidence-based practice guideline implementation. Arch Intern Med 163:2165–2172CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Metge CJ, Leslie WD, Manness LJ, Yogendran M, Yuen CK, Kvern B, the Maximizing Osteoporosis Management in Manitoba Steering Committee (2008) Postfracture care for older women. Gaps between optimal care and actual care. Can Fam Physician 54:1270–1276PubMed Metge CJ, Leslie WD, Manness LJ, Yogendran M, Yuen CK, Kvern B, the Maximizing Osteoporosis Management in Manitoba Steering Committee (2008) Postfracture care for older women. Gaps between optimal care and actual care. Can Fam Physician 54:1270–1276PubMed
28.
go back to reference Gardner MJ, Flik KR, Mooar P, Lane JM (2002) Improvement in the undertreatment of osteoporosis following hip fracture. J Bone Jt Surg 84A:1342–1348 Gardner MJ, Flik KR, Mooar P, Lane JM (2002) Improvement in the undertreatment of osteoporosis following hip fracture. J Bone Jt Surg 84A:1342–1348
29.
go back to reference Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, LaCroix AZ, Kooperberg C, Stefanick ML et al (2002) Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 288:321–333CrossRefPubMed Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, LaCroix AZ, Kooperberg C, Stefanick ML et al (2002) Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 288:321–333CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Klotzbuecher CM, Ross PD, Landsmen PB et al (2000) Patients with prior fractures have an increased risk of future fractures: a summary of the literature and statistical synthesis. J Bone Miner Res 15:721–739CrossRefPubMed Klotzbuecher CM, Ross PD, Landsmen PB et al (2000) Patients with prior fractures have an increased risk of future fractures: a summary of the literature and statistical synthesis. J Bone Miner Res 15:721–739CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Cummings SR, Nevitt MC, Browner WS et al (1995) Risk factors for hip fracture in white women. N Engl J Med 332:767–773CrossRefPubMed Cummings SR, Nevitt MC, Browner WS et al (1995) Risk factors for hip fracture in white women. N Engl J Med 332:767–773CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Nevitt MC, Ross PD, Palermo L, Musliner T, Genant HK, Thompson DE (1999) Association of prevalent vertebral fractures, bone density, and alendronate treatment with incident vertebral fractures: effect of number and spinal location of fractures. The Fracture Intervention Trial Research Group. Bone 25:613–619CrossRefPubMed Nevitt MC, Ross PD, Palermo L, Musliner T, Genant HK, Thompson DE (1999) Association of prevalent vertebral fractures, bone density, and alendronate treatment with incident vertebral fractures: effect of number and spinal location of fractures. The Fracture Intervention Trial Research Group. Bone 25:613–619CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Chen P, Krege JH, Adachi JD, Prior JC, Tenenhouse A, Brown JP, Papadimitropoulos M, Kreiger N, Olszynski WP, Josse RG, Goltzman D (2009) Vertebral fracture status and the World Health Organization (WHO) risk factors for predicting osteoporotic fracture risk. J Bone Miner Res 24:495–502CrossRefPubMed Chen P, Krege JH, Adachi JD, Prior JC, Tenenhouse A, Brown JP, Papadimitropoulos M, Kreiger N, Olszynski WP, Josse RG, Goltzman D (2009) Vertebral fracture status and the World Health Organization (WHO) risk factors for predicting osteoporotic fracture risk. J Bone Miner Res 24:495–502CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Roux C, Seeman E, Eastell R, Adachi J, Jackson RD, Felsenberg D, Songcharoen S, Rizzoli R, Di Munno O, Horlait S, Valent D, Watts NB (2004) Efficacy of risedronate on clinical vertebral fractures within six months. Curr Med Res Opin 20:433–493CrossRefPubMed Roux C, Seeman E, Eastell R, Adachi J, Jackson RD, Felsenberg D, Songcharoen S, Rizzoli R, Di Munno O, Horlait S, Valent D, Watts NB (2004) Efficacy of risedronate on clinical vertebral fractures within six months. Curr Med Res Opin 20:433–493CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Harrington JT, Ste-Marie LG, Brandi ML, Civitelli R, Fardellone P, Grauer A, Barton I, Boonen S (2004) Risedronate rapidly reduces the risk for nonvertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 74:129–135CrossRefPubMed Harrington JT, Ste-Marie LG, Brandi ML, Civitelli R, Fardellone P, Grauer A, Barton I, Boonen S (2004) Risedronate rapidly reduces the risk for nonvertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 74:129–135CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Black DM, Delmas PD, Eastell R, Reid IR, Boonen S, Cauley JA, Cosman F, Lakatos P, Leung PC, Man Z, Mautalen C, Mesenbrink P, Hu H, Caminis J, Tong K, Rosario-Jansen T, Krasnow J, Hue TF, Sellmeyer D, Eriksen EF, Cummings SR, HORIZON Pivotal Fracture Trial (2007) Once-yearly zoledronic acid for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 356:1809–1822CrossRefPubMed Black DM, Delmas PD, Eastell R, Reid IR, Boonen S, Cauley JA, Cosman F, Lakatos P, Leung PC, Man Z, Mautalen C, Mesenbrink P, Hu H, Caminis J, Tong K, Rosario-Jansen T, Krasnow J, Hue TF, Sellmeyer D, Eriksen EF, Cummings SR, HORIZON Pivotal Fracture Trial (2007) Once-yearly zoledronic acid for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 356:1809–1822CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Cranney A, Jamal SA, Tsang TF, Josse RG, Leslie WD (2007) Low bone mineral density and fracture burden in postmenopausal women. CMAJ 177:575–580PubMed Cranney A, Jamal SA, Tsang TF, Josse RG, Leslie WD (2007) Low bone mineral density and fracture burden in postmenopausal women. CMAJ 177:575–580PubMed
38.
go back to reference The North American Menopause Society (2010) Management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: 2010 position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause 17:25–54CrossRef The North American Menopause Society (2010) Management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: 2010 position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause 17:25–54CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Sanders KM, Pasco JA, Ugoni AM, Nicholson GC, Seeman E, Martin TJ, Skoric B, Panahi S, Kotowicz MA (1998) The exclusion of high trauma fractures may underestimate the prevalence of bone fragility fractures in the community: the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. J Bone Miner Res 13:1337–1342CrossRefPubMed Sanders KM, Pasco JA, Ugoni AM, Nicholson GC, Seeman E, Martin TJ, Skoric B, Panahi S, Kotowicz MA (1998) The exclusion of high trauma fractures may underestimate the prevalence of bone fragility fractures in the community: the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. J Bone Miner Res 13:1337–1342CrossRefPubMed
40.
go back to reference Elliot-Gibson V, Bogoch ER, Jamal SA, Beaton DE (2004) Practice patterns in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis after a fragility fracture: a systematic review. Osteoporos Int 15:767–778CrossRefPubMed Elliot-Gibson V, Bogoch ER, Jamal SA, Beaton DE (2004) Practice patterns in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis after a fragility fracture: a systematic review. Osteoporos Int 15:767–778CrossRefPubMed
42.
go back to reference Poliquin S, Joseph L, Gray-Donald K (2009) Calcium and vitamin D intakes in an adult Canadian population. Can J Diet Pract Res 70(1):21–27CrossRefPubMed Poliquin S, Joseph L, Gray-Donald K (2009) Calcium and vitamin D intakes in an adult Canadian population. Can J Diet Pract Res 70(1):21–27CrossRefPubMed
43.
go back to reference Harris ST, Watts NB, Genant HK et al (1999) Effects of risedronate treatment on vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial. Vertebral Efficacy with Risedronate Therapy (VERT) Study Group. JAMA 282:1344–1352CrossRefPubMed Harris ST, Watts NB, Genant HK et al (1999) Effects of risedronate treatment on vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial. Vertebral Efficacy with Risedronate Therapy (VERT) Study Group. JAMA 282:1344–1352CrossRefPubMed
44.
go back to reference Black DM, Thompson DE, Bauer DC et al (2000) Fracture risk reduction with alendronate in women with osteoporosis: the fracture intervention trial. FIT Research Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:4118–4124CrossRefPubMed Black DM, Thompson DE, Bauer DC et al (2000) Fracture risk reduction with alendronate in women with osteoporosis: the fracture intervention trial. FIT Research Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:4118–4124CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Fragility fractures and the osteoporosis care gap in women: the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study
Authors
L.-A. Fraser
G. Ioannidis
J. D. Adachi
L. Pickard
S. M. Kaiser
J. Prior
J. P. Brown
D. A. Hanley
W. P. Olszynski
T. Anastassiades
S. Jamal
R. Josse
D. Goltzman
A. Papaioannou
the CaMos Research Group
Publication date
01-03-2011
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Osteoporosis International / Issue 3/2011
Print ISSN: 0937-941X
Electronic ISSN: 1433-2965
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-010-1359-2

Other articles of this Issue 3/2011

Osteoporosis International 3/2011 Go to the issue