Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Osteoporosis International
Published in: Osteoporosis International 4/2009

01-04-2009 | Original Article

Regional differences in hip bone mineral density levels in Norway: the NOREPOS study

Authors: T. K. Omsland, C. G. Gjesdal, N. Emaus, G. S. Tell, H. E. Meyer

Published in: Osteoporosis International | Issue 4/2009

Login to get access

Abstract

Summary

Large regional differences in hip fracture rates within Norway have previously been shown. However, regional differences in hip bone mineral density (BMD) have not yet been assessed. In this study including 10,504 hip scans, there were significant regional differences in BMD. Further studies to address reasons for the regional differences in hip fracture risk are warranted.

Introduction

Bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip is an important determinant of hip fracture. While regional differences in Norwegian hip fracture rates have previously been shown, no comparative studies of hip BMD have been conducted.

Methods

Total hip BMD was measured by DXA in two population-based studies across Norway during 1997–2002. Valid hip scans with in vivo calibration were obtained from 5127 subjects in Tromsø (age 30–89 years) and 5377 subjects in Bergen (age 47–50 and 71–75 years).

Results

Women ≥60 years in Tromsø had 0.052 g/cm2 higher age-adjusted BMD than women in Bergen, whereas BMD among women <60 years was similar in Tromsø and Bergen. Age-adjusted total hip BMD was 0.035 g/cm2 lower in men ≥60 years in Bergen compared with Tromsø, and the corresponding figure for men <60 years was 0.028 g/cm2. While adjustment for body mass index explained some, but not all of the differences, smoking, physical activity, diabetes prevalence, self-perceived health, intake of alcohol and estrogen use did not.

Conclusions

Regional differences in BMD at the hip were found in Norway. Reasons for this and potential impact on hip fracture rates should be explored in further studies.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Falch JA, Ilebekk A, Slungaard U (1985) Epidemiology of hip fractures in Norway. Acta Orthop Scand 56:12–16PubMedCrossRef
2.
Lofthus CM, Osnes EK, Falch JA et al (2001) Epidemiology of hip fractures in Oslo, Norway. Bone 29:413–418PubMedCrossRef
3.
Finsen VV (2004) Hip fracture incidence in central Norway: a followup study. Clinical orthopaedics and related research:173–178
4.
Bulajic-Kopjar M, Wiik J, Nordhagen R (1998) Regional differences in the incidence of femoral neck fractures in Norway. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 118:30–33PubMed
5.
Finsen V, Benum P (1987) Changing incidence of hip fractures in rural and urban areas of central Norway. Clin Orthop Relat Res:104–110
6.
Falch JA, Kaastad TS, Bohler G et al (1993) Secular increase and geographical differences in hip fracture incidence in Norway. Bone 14:643–645PubMedCrossRef
7.
Sanders KM, Nicholson GC, Ugoni AM, Seeman E, Pasco JA, Kotowicz MA (2002) Fracture rates lower in rural than urban communities: the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. J Epidemiol Commun Health 56:466–470CrossRef
8.
Mannius S, Mellstrom D, Oden A, Rundgren A, Zetterberg C (1987) Incidence of hip fracture in western Sweden 1974–1982. Comparison of rural and urban populations. Acta Orthop Scand 58:38–42PubMed
9.
Sernbo I, Johnell O, Andersson T (1988) Differences in the incidence of hip fracture. Comparison of an urban and a rural population in southern Sweden. Acta Orthop Scand 59:382–385PubMed
10.
Chevalley T, Herrmann FR, Delmi M et al (2002) Evaluation of the age-adjusted incidence of hip fractures between urban and rural areas: the difference is not related to the prevalence of institutions for the elderly. Osteoporos Int 13:113–118PubMedCrossRef
11.
Madhok R, Melton LJ III, Atkinson EJ et al (1993) Urban vs rural increase in hip fracture incidence. Age and sex of 901 cases 1980–89 in Olmsted County, U.S.A. Acta Orthop Scand 64:543–548PubMed
12.
Sogaard AJ, Gustad TK, Bjertness E et al (2007) Urban-rural differences in distal forearm fractures: Cohort Norway. Osteoporos Int 18:1063–1072PubMedCrossRef
13.
Sanders KM, Nicholson GC, Ugoni AM et al (2002) Fracture rates lower in rural than urban communities: the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. J Epidemiol Community Health 56:466–470PubMedCrossRef
14.
Jonsson B, Gardsell P, Johnell O et al (1992) Differences in fracture pattern between an urban and a rural population: a comparative population-based study in southern Sweden. Osteoporos Int 2:269–273PubMedCrossRef
15.
Blake GM, Fogelman I (2007) The role of DXA bone density scans in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. Postgrad Med J 83:509–517PubMedCrossRef
16.
Marshall D, Johnell O, Wedel H (1996) Meta-analysis of how well measures of bone mineral density predict occurrence of osteoporotic fractures. BMJ 312:1254–1259PubMed
17.
Johnell O, Kanis JA, Oden A et al (2005) Predictive value of BMD for hip and other fractures. J Bone Miner Res 20:1185–1194PubMedCrossRef
18.
Meyer HE, Berntsen GK, Sogaard AJ et al (2004) Higher bone mineral density in rural compared with urban dwellers: the NOREPOS study. Am J Epidemiol 160:1039–1046PubMedCrossRef
19.
Kolta S, Ravaud P, Fechtenbaum J et al (1999) Accuracy and precision of 62 bone densitometers using a European Spine Phantom. Osteoporos Int 10:14–19PubMedCrossRef
20.
Lunt M, Felsenberg D, Adams J et al (1997) Population-based geographic variations in DXA bone density in Europe: the EVOS Study. European Vertebral Osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 7:175–189PubMedCrossRef
21.
Shepherd JA, Lu Y, Wilson K et al (2006) Cross-calibration and minimum precision standards for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: the 2005 ISCD Official Positions. J Clin Densitom 9:31–36PubMedCrossRef
22.
Lips P (2001) Vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism in the elderly: consequences for bone loss and fractures and therapeutic implications. Endocr Rev 22:477–501PubMedCrossRef
23.
24.
Gjesdal CG, Aanderud SJ, Haga HJ et al (2004) Femoral and whole-body bone mineral density in middle-aged and older Norwegian men and women: suitability of the reference values. Osteoporos Int 15:525–534PubMedCrossRef
25.
26.
Omsland TK, Emaus N, Gjesdal CG et al (2008) In Vivo and In Vitro Comparison of Densitometers in the NOREPOS Study. J Clin Densitom 11:276–282PubMedCrossRef
27.
Naess O, Sogaard AJ, Arnesen E et al (2007) Cohort Profile: Cohort of Norway (CONOR). Int J Epidemiol
28.
Binkley N, Kiebzak GM, Lewiecki EM et al (2005) Recalculation of the NHANES database SD improves T-score agreement and reduces osteoporosis prevalence. J Bone Miner Res 20:195–201PubMedCrossRef
29.
Wasmuth HH, Reikeras O, Roald HE (1992) Hip fractures in Troms and Oslo in 1989. Risk development 1978–89. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 112:190–193PubMed
30.
Hove LM, Fjeldsgaard K, Reitan R et al (1995) Fractures of the distal radius in a Norwegian city. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 29:263–267PubMedCrossRef
31.
Falch JA (1983) Epidemiology of fractures of the distal forearm in Oslo, Norway. Acta Orthop Scand 54:291–295PubMed
32.
33.
Berntsen GK, Fonnebo V, Tollan A et al (2001) Forearm bone mineral density by age in 7,620 men and women: the Tromso study, a population-based study. Am J Epidemiol 153:465–473PubMedCrossRef
34.
Brustad M, Alsaker E, Engelsen O et al (2004) Vitamin D status of middle-aged women at 65–71 degrees N in relation to dietary intake and exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Pub Health Nutr 7:327–335
Metadata
Title
Regional differences in hip bone mineral density levels in Norway: the NOREPOS study
Authors
T. K. Omsland
C. G. Gjesdal
N. Emaus
G. S. Tell
H. E. Meyer
Publication date
01-04-2009
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Osteoporosis International / Issue 4/2009
Print ISSN: 0937-941X
Electronic ISSN: 1433-2965
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-008-0699-7

Other articles of this Issue 4/2009

Osteoporosis International 4/2009 Go to the issue

Original Article

Association between iron overload and osteoporosis in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis

Original Article

The Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool versus alternative tests for selecting postmenopausal women for bone mineral density assessment: a comparative systematic review of accuracy

Original Article

Evaluation of the femoral midshaft in children with cerebral palsy using magnetic resonance imaging

Original Article

Nightshift work and fracture risk: the Nurses’ Health Study

Original Article

Milk, rather than other foods, is associated with vertebral bone mass and circulating IGF-1 in female adolescents

Original Article

Sister’s fracture history may be associated with perimenopausal bone fragility and modifies the predictability of fracture risk