Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Osteoporosis International 5/2003

01-09-2003 | Original Article

Role of collagen and other organics in the mechanical properties of bone

Author: John D. Currey

Published in: Osteoporosis International | Special Issue 5/2003

Login to get access

Excerpt

The mechanical properties of bone material are determined by the relative amounts of its 3 major constituents: mineral, water, and organics (mainly type I collagen); by the quality of these components; and by how the resulting material is arranged in space. For our purposes, the mechanical properties of bone can be summed up as follows: modulus of elasticity, yield stress and yield strain, post-yield stress and post-yield strain, and the total area under the stress-strain curve. Also important are some fracture mechanics properties, but these are not discussed here. …
Literature
1.
go back to reference Benezra-Rosen V, Hobbs L, Spector M (2002) The ultrastructure of anorganic bovine bone and selected synthetic hyroxyapatites used as bone graft substitute materials. Biomaterials 23:921–928CrossRefPubMed Benezra-Rosen V, Hobbs L, Spector M (2002) The ultrastructure of anorganic bovine bone and selected synthetic hyroxyapatites used as bone graft substitute materials. Biomaterials 23:921–928CrossRefPubMed
*2.
go back to reference Hellmich C, Ulm FJ (2002) Are mineralized tissues open crystal foams reinforced by crosslinked collagen? Some energy arguments. J Biomech 35:1199–1212CrossRefPubMed Hellmich C, Ulm FJ (2002) Are mineralized tissues open crystal foams reinforced by crosslinked collagen? Some energy arguments. J Biomech 35:1199–1212CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Carter D, Scully A, Heaton D, Young M, Aaron J (2002) Effect of deproteination on bone mineral morphology: implications for biomaterials and aging. Bone 31:389–395CrossRefPubMed Carter D, Scully A, Heaton D, Young M, Aaron J (2002) Effect of deproteination on bone mineral morphology: implications for biomaterials and aging. Bone 31:389–395CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Currey JD (2002) Bones: structure and mechanics. Princeton University Press, Princeton Currey JD (2002) Bones: structure and mechanics. Princeton University Press, Princeton
5.
go back to reference Papdimitrious H, Swartz S, Kunz T (1996) Ontogenetic and anatomic variation in mineralization of the wing skeleton of the mexican free-tailed bat, Tadara brasiliensis. J Zool (Lond) 240:411–426 Papdimitrious H, Swartz S, Kunz T (1996) Ontogenetic and anatomic variation in mineralization of the wing skeleton of the mexican free-tailed bat, Tadara brasiliensis. J Zool (Lond) 240:411–426
*6.
go back to reference Currey JD, Foreman J, Laketić I, et al (1997) Effects of ionizing radiation on the mechanical properties of human bone. J Orthop Res 15:111–117PubMed Currey JD, Foreman J, Laketić I, et al (1997) Effects of ionizing radiation on the mechanical properties of human bone. J Orthop Res 15:111–117PubMed
7.
go back to reference Hamer AJ, Stockley I, Elson RA (1999) Changes in allograft bone irradiated at different temperatures. J Bone Joint Surg Br 81:342–344CrossRefPubMed Hamer AJ, Stockley I, Elson RA (1999) Changes in allograft bone irradiated at different temperatures. J Bone Joint Surg Br 81:342–344CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Bailey AJ, Knott L (2002) The role of collagen in the aging of bone. Morphological, biochemical, molecular and social aspects. In: Meissner C (ed) Research in legal medicine. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck, pp 217–232 Bailey AJ, Knott L (2002) The role of collagen in the aging of bone. Morphological, biochemical, molecular and social aspects. In: Meissner C (ed) Research in legal medicine. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck, pp 217–232
9.
go back to reference Knott L, Bailey AJ (1998) Collagen cross-links in mineralizing tissues: a review of their chemistry, function, and clinical relevance. Bone 22:181–187CrossRefPubMed Knott L, Bailey AJ (1998) Collagen cross-links in mineralizing tissues: a review of their chemistry, function, and clinical relevance. Bone 22:181–187CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Paul RG, Bailey AJ (1996) Glycation of collagen: the basis of its central role in the late complications of ageing and diabetes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 28:1297–1310CrossRefPubMed Paul RG, Bailey AJ (1996) Glycation of collagen: the basis of its central role in the late complications of ageing and diabetes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 28:1297–1310CrossRefPubMed
*11.
go back to reference Bailey AJ, Sims TJ, Ebbesen EN, et al (1999) Age-related changes in the biochemical properties of human cancellous bone collagen: relationship to bone strength. Calcif Tissue Int 65:203–210CrossRefPubMed Bailey AJ, Sims TJ, Ebbesen EN, et al (1999) Age-related changes in the biochemical properties of human cancellous bone collagen: relationship to bone strength. Calcif Tissue Int 65:203–210CrossRefPubMed
*12.
go back to reference Hou O, Paschalis E, Boskey AL, Mendelsohn R (2002) Chemical structure-based three-dimensional reconstruction of human cortical bone from two-dimensional infrared images. Appl Spectrosc 56:419–422 Hou O, Paschalis E, Boskey AL, Mendelsohn R (2002) Chemical structure-based three-dimensional reconstruction of human cortical bone from two-dimensional infrared images. Appl Spectrosc 56:419–422
*13.
go back to reference Wang X, Shen X, Li X, Mauli Agrawal C (2002) Age-related changes in the collagen network and toughness of bone. Bone 31:1–7CrossRefPubMed Wang X, Shen X, Li X, Mauli Agrawal C (2002) Age-related changes in the collagen network and toughness of bone. Bone 31:1–7CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Vashishth D, Gibson GJ, Khoury JI, et al (2001) Influence of nonenzymatic glycation on biomechanical properties of cortical bone. Bone 28:195–201CrossRefPubMed Vashishth D, Gibson GJ, Khoury JI, et al (2001) Influence of nonenzymatic glycation on biomechanical properties of cortical bone. Bone 28:195–201CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Odetti P, Aragno I, Rolandi R, et al (2000) Scanning force microscopy reveals structural alterations in diabetic rat collagen fibrils: role of protein glycation. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 16:74–81CrossRefPubMed Odetti P, Aragno I, Rolandi R, et al (2000) Scanning force microscopy reveals structural alterations in diabetic rat collagen fibrils: role of protein glycation. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 16:74–81CrossRefPubMed
*16.
go back to reference Zioupos P, Currey JD, Hamer AJ (1999) The role of collagen in the declining mechanical properties of aging human cortical bone. J Biomed Mater Res 45:108–116CrossRefPubMed Zioupos P, Currey JD, Hamer AJ (1999) The role of collagen in the declining mechanical properties of aging human cortical bone. J Biomed Mater Res 45:108–116CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Bailey AJ, Sims TJ, Knott L (2002) Phenotypic expression of osteoblast collagen in osteoarthritic bone: production of type I homotrimer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 34:176–182CrossRefPubMed Bailey AJ, Sims TJ, Knott L (2002) Phenotypic expression of osteoblast collagen in osteoarthritic bone: production of type I homotrimer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 34:176–182CrossRefPubMed
*18.
go back to reference Jepsen KJ, Goldstein SA, Kuhn JL, Schaffler MB, Bonadio J (1996) Type-I collagen mutation compromises the post-yield behavior of Mov13 long bone. J Orthop Res 14:493–499PubMed Jepsen KJ, Goldstein SA, Kuhn JL, Schaffler MB, Bonadio J (1996) Type-I collagen mutation compromises the post-yield behavior of Mov13 long bone. J Orthop Res 14:493–499PubMed
19.
go back to reference Grabner B, Landis WJ, Roschger P, et al (2001) Age- and genotype-dependence of bone material properties in the osteogenesis imperfecta murine model (oim). Bone 29:453–457CrossRefPubMed Grabner B, Landis WJ, Roschger P, et al (2001) Age- and genotype-dependence of bone material properties in the osteogenesis imperfecta murine model (oim). Bone 29:453–457CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Luchinetti E (2001) Composite models of bone properties. In: Cowin S (ed) Bone mechanics handbook. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 12–19 Luchinetti E (2001) Composite models of bone properties. In: Cowin S (ed) Bone mechanics handbook. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 12–19
*21.
go back to reference Misof K, Landis WJ, Klaushofer K, Fratzl P (1997) Collagen from the osteogenesis imperfecta mouse model (oim) shows reduced resistance against tensile stress. J Clin Invest 100:40–45PubMed Misof K, Landis WJ, Klaushofer K, Fratzl P (1997) Collagen from the osteogenesis imperfecta mouse model (oim) shows reduced resistance against tensile stress. J Clin Invest 100:40–45PubMed
22.
go back to reference Corsi A, Xu T, Chen XD, et al (2002) Phenotypic effects of biglycan deficiency are linked to collagen fibril abnormalities, are synergized by decorin deficiency, and mimic Ehlers-Danlos-like changes in bone and other connective tissues.PG. J Bone Miner Res 17:1180–1189PubMed Corsi A, Xu T, Chen XD, et al (2002) Phenotypic effects of biglycan deficiency are linked to collagen fibril abnormalities, are synergized by decorin deficiency, and mimic Ehlers-Danlos-like changes in bone and other connective tissues.PG. J Bone Miner Res 17:1180–1189PubMed
*23.
go back to reference McKee MD, Nanci A (1996) Osteopontin at mineralized tissue interfaces in bone, teeth, and osseointegrated implants: ultrastructural distribution and implications for mineralized tissue formation, turnover, and repair. Microsc Res Tech 33:141–164CrossRefPubMed McKee MD, Nanci A (1996) Osteopontin at mineralized tissue interfaces in bone, teeth, and osseointegrated implants: ultrastructural distribution and implications for mineralized tissue formation, turnover, and repair. Microsc Res Tech 33:141–164CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Jepsen KJ, Davy DT, Krzypow DJ (1999) The role of the lamellar interface during torsional yielding of human cortical bone. J Biomech 32:303–310CrossRefPubMed Jepsen KJ, Davy DT, Krzypow DJ (1999) The role of the lamellar interface during torsional yielding of human cortical bone. J Biomech 32:303–310CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Efstathiadou Z, Tsatsoulis A, Ioannidis JP (2001) Association of collagen Ialpha 1 Sp1 polymorphism with the risk of prevalent fractures: a meta-analysis. J Bone Miner Res 16:1586–1592PubMed Efstathiadou Z, Tsatsoulis A, Ioannidis JP (2001) Association of collagen Ialpha 1 Sp1 polymorphism with the risk of prevalent fractures: a meta-analysis. J Bone Miner Res 16:1586–1592PubMed
26.
go back to reference McGuigan FE, Armbrecht G, Smith R, et al (2001) Prediction of osteoporotic fractures by bone densitometry and COLIA1 genotyping: a prospective, population-based study in men and women. Osteoporos Int 12:91–96CrossRefPubMed McGuigan FE, Armbrecht G, Smith R, et al (2001) Prediction of osteoporotic fractures by bone densitometry and COLIA1 genotyping: a prospective, population-based study in men and women. Osteoporos Int 12:91–96CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Rice JC, Cowin SC, Bowman JA (1988) On the dependence of the elasticity and strength of cancellous bone on apparent density. J Biomech 21:155–168PubMed Rice JC, Cowin SC, Bowman JA (1988) On the dependence of the elasticity and strength of cancellous bone on apparent density. J Biomech 21:155–168PubMed
*28.
go back to reference Homminga J, McCreadie BR, Ciarelli TE, et al (2002) Cancellous bone mechanical properties from normals and patients with hip fractures differ on the structure level, not on the bone hard tissue level. Bone 30:759–764CrossRefPubMed Homminga J, McCreadie BR, Ciarelli TE, et al (2002) Cancellous bone mechanical properties from normals and patients with hip fractures differ on the structure level, not on the bone hard tissue level. Bone 30:759–764CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Rodan GA (2002) Bisphosphonates and primary hyperparathyroidism. J Bone Miner Res 17 [Suppl 2]:N150–N153 Rodan GA (2002) Bisphosphonates and primary hyperparathyroidism. J Bone Miner Res 17 [Suppl 2]:N150–N153
30.
go back to reference Mashiba T, Turner CH, Hirano T, et al (2001) Effects of high-dose etidronate treatment on microdamage accumulation and biomechanical properties in beagle bone before occurrence of spontaneous fractures. Bone 29:271–278CrossRefPubMed Mashiba T, Turner CH, Hirano T, et al (2001) Effects of high-dose etidronate treatment on microdamage accumulation and biomechanical properties in beagle bone before occurrence of spontaneous fractures. Bone 29:271–278CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Sarkar S, Mitlak BH, Wong M, et al (2002) Relationships between bone mineral density and incident vertebral fracture risk with raloxifene therapy. J Bone Miner Res 17:1–10PubMed Sarkar S, Mitlak BH, Wong M, et al (2002) Relationships between bone mineral density and incident vertebral fracture risk with raloxifene therapy. J Bone Miner Res 17:1–10PubMed
*32.
go back to reference Mashiba T, Mori S, Li J, et al (2002) Increased degree of mineralization by bisphosphonate does not increase intrinsic mechanical properties of bone due to microdamage accumulation. J Bone Min Res 17:OC13 Mashiba T, Mori S, Li J, et al (2002) Increased degree of mineralization by bisphosphonate does not increase intrinsic mechanical properties of bone due to microdamage accumulation. J Bone Min Res 17:OC13
*33.
go back to reference Liu D, Wagner H, Weiner S (2000) Bending and fracture of compact circumferential and osteonal lamellar bone of the baboon tibia. J Mat Sci: Mat Med 11:49–60 Liu D, Wagner H, Weiner S (2000) Bending and fracture of compact circumferential and osteonal lamellar bone of the baboon tibia. J Mat Sci: Mat Med 11:49–60
34.
go back to reference Burr D (2002) The contribution of the organic matrix to the bone's material properties. Bone 31:8–11CrossRefPubMed Burr D (2002) The contribution of the organic matrix to the bone's material properties. Bone 31:8–11CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Fisher L (2002) How to dunk a doughnut: The science of everyday life. Weidenfeld and Nicholson, London Fisher L (2002) How to dunk a doughnut: The science of everyday life. Weidenfeld and Nicholson, London
36.
go back to reference Currey JD (1999) What determines the bending strength of compact bone? J Exp Biol 202:2495–2503PubMed Currey JD (1999) What determines the bending strength of compact bone? J Exp Biol 202:2495–2503PubMed
Metadata
Title
Role of collagen and other organics in the mechanical properties of bone
Author
John D. Currey
Publication date
01-09-2003
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Osteoporosis International / Issue Special Issue 5/2003
Print ISSN: 0937-941X
Electronic ISSN: 1433-2965
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-003-1470-8

Other articles of this Special Issue 5/2003

Osteoporosis International 5/2003 Go to the issue

Editorial

Bone quality

Original Article

Matrix proteins