Skip to main content
Top
Published in: International Urogynecology Journal 11/2009

01-11-2009 | Original Article

Do the anatomical defects associated with cystocoele affect the outcome of anterior repair? A clinical and radiological study

Authors: Olugbenga A. Adekanmi, Robert M. Freeman, Simon A. Jackson, Mark Puckett, Luigi Bombieri, Malcolm R. Waterfield

Published in: International Urogynecology Journal | Issue 11/2009

Login to get access

Abstract

Introduction and hypothesis

The purpose of this study was to investigate the defects associated with cystocoele and the outcome of anterior repair.

Methods

Prospective study using POPQ and MRI before and after surgery.

Results

Seventy women completed 1 year follow-up with anatomical and subjective failure rates of 51% and 32%, respectively. MRI features suggestive of central fascial defects were identified in 9%, isolated lateral defects in 33%, combined central and lateral defects in 12% and no obvious defect in 46%. Anatomical failure was more common in combined defects versus no fascial defects (OR 6.9, 95% CI 0.7–64.1). Interestingly, 50% of lateral defects were corrected by anterior repair. Defects of pubovesical (p = 0.045) and pubococcygeal muscles (p = 0.039) were associated with anatomical failure.

Conclusions

Cystocoeles recur anatomically in 50% of women by 1 year. However, the subjective outcomes are better. The combination of central and lateral fascial defects and pubovesical and pubococcygeal muscle defects appear to contribute to anatomical failure.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Weber AM, Walters MD, Piedmonte MR, Ballard LA (2001) Anterior colporrhaphy: a randomized trial of three surgical techniques. Am J Obstet Gynecol 185(6):1299–1304 discussion 1304-1306CrossRefPubMed Weber AM, Walters MD, Piedmonte MR, Ballard LA (2001) Anterior colporrhaphy: a randomized trial of three surgical techniques. Am J Obstet Gynecol 185(6):1299–1304 discussion 1304-1306CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Macer GA (1978) Transabdominal repair of cystocoele: a 20 year experience compared with the traditional vaginal approach. Am J Obstet Gynecol 131(2):203–207PubMed Macer GA (1978) Transabdominal repair of cystocoele: a 20 year experience compared with the traditional vaginal approach. Am J Obstet Gynecol 131(2):203–207PubMed
3.
4.
go back to reference White GR (1909) Cystocoele. A radical cure by suturing lateral sulci of vagina to the white line of pelvic fascia. JAMA LIII(21):1707–1710 White GR (1909) Cystocoele. A radical cure by suturing lateral sulci of vagina to the white line of pelvic fascia. JAMA LIII(21):1707–1710
5.
go back to reference Bump RC, Mattiasson A, Bø K, Brubaker LP, DeLancey JO, Klarskov P et al (1996) The standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse and pelvic floor dysfunction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 175(1):10–17CrossRefPubMed Bump RC, Mattiasson A, Bø K, Brubaker LP, DeLancey JO, Klarskov P et al (1996) The standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse and pelvic floor dysfunction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 175(1):10–17CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Samuelsson EC, Victor FT, Tibblin G, Svärdsudd KF (1999) Signs of genital prolapse in a Swedish population of women 20 to 59 years of age and possible related factors. Am J Obstet Gynecol 180(2 Pt 1):299–305CrossRefPubMed Samuelsson EC, Victor FT, Tibblin G, Svärdsudd KF (1999) Signs of genital prolapse in a Swedish population of women 20 to 59 years of age and possible related factors. Am J Obstet Gynecol 180(2 Pt 1):299–305CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Scherf C, Morison L, Fiander A, Ekpo G, Walraven G (2002) Epidemiology of pelvic organ prolapse in rural Gambia, West Africa. BJOG 109(4):431–436CrossRefPubMed Scherf C, Morison L, Fiander A, Ekpo G, Walraven G (2002) Epidemiology of pelvic organ prolapse in rural Gambia, West Africa. BJOG 109(4):431–436CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Ellerkmann RM, Cundiff GW, Melick CF, Nihira MA, Leffler K, Bent AE (2001) Correlation of symptoms with location and severity of pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol 185(6):1332–8 discussion 1337-8CrossRefPubMed Ellerkmann RM, Cundiff GW, Melick CF, Nihira MA, Leffler K, Bent AE (2001) Correlation of symptoms with location and severity of pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol 185(6):1332–8 discussion 1337-8CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Weber AM, Walters MD (1997) Anterior vaginal prolapse: review of anatomy and techniques of surgical repair. Obstet Gynecol 89(2):311–318CrossRefPubMed Weber AM, Walters MD (1997) Anterior vaginal prolapse: review of anatomy and techniques of surgical repair. Obstet Gynecol 89(2):311–318CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Chou Q, DeLancey JO (2001) A structured system to evaluate urethral support anatomy in magnetic resonance images. Am J Obstet Gynecol 185(1):44–50CrossRefPubMed Chou Q, DeLancey JO (2001) A structured system to evaluate urethral support anatomy in magnetic resonance images. Am J Obstet Gynecol 185(1):44–50CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference DeLancey JO (1992) Anatomic aspects of vaginal eversion after hysterectomy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 166(6 Pt 1):1717–1724 discussion 1724-8PubMed DeLancey JO (1992) Anatomic aspects of vaginal eversion after hysterectomy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 166(6 Pt 1):1717–1724 discussion 1724-8PubMed
12.
go back to reference Huddleston HT, Dunnihoo DR, Huddleston PM 3rd, Meyers PC Sr (1995) Magnetic resonance imaging of defects in DeLancey’s vaginal support levels I, II, and III. Am J Obstet Gynecol 172(6):1778–1782 discussion 1782-4CrossRefPubMed Huddleston HT, Dunnihoo DR, Huddleston PM 3rd, Meyers PC Sr (1995) Magnetic resonance imaging of defects in DeLancey’s vaginal support levels I, II, and III. Am J Obstet Gynecol 172(6):1778–1782 discussion 1782-4CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Weber AM, Abrams P, Brubaker L, Cundiff G, Davis G, Dmochowski RR et al (2001) The standardization of terminology for researchers in female pelvic floor disorders. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 12(3):178–186CrossRefPubMed Weber AM, Abrams P, Brubaker L, Cundiff G, Davis G, Dmochowski RR et al (2001) The standardization of terminology for researchers in female pelvic floor disorders. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 12(3):178–186CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Digesu GA, Santamato S, Khullar V, Santillo V, Digesu A, Cormio G et al (2003) Validation of an Italian version of the prolapse quality of life questionnaire. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 106(2):184–192CrossRefPubMed Digesu GA, Santamato S, Khullar V, Santillo V, Digesu A, Cormio G et al (2003) Validation of an Italian version of the prolapse quality of life questionnaire. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 106(2):184–192CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Hall AF, Theofrastous JP, Cundiff GW, Harris RL, Hamilton LF, Swift SE et al (1996) Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the proposed International Continence Society, Society of Gynecologic Surgeons, and American Urogynecologic Society pelvic organ prolapse classification system. Am J Obstet Gynecol 175(6):1467–1470 discussion 1470-1CrossRefPubMed Hall AF, Theofrastous JP, Cundiff GW, Harris RL, Hamilton LF, Swift SE et al (1996) Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the proposed International Continence Society, Society of Gynecologic Surgeons, and American Urogynecologic Society pelvic organ prolapse classification system. Am J Obstet Gynecol 175(6):1467–1470 discussion 1470-1CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Miedel A, Tegerstedt G, Mörlin B, Hammarström M (2008) A 5-year prospective follow-up study of vaginal surgery for pelvic organ prolapse. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 19(12):1593–1601CrossRefPubMed Miedel A, Tegerstedt G, Mörlin B, Hammarström M (2008) A 5-year prospective follow-up study of vaginal surgery for pelvic organ prolapse. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 19(12):1593–1601CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Goodrich MA, Webb MJ, King BF, Bampton AE, Campeau NG, Riederer SJ (1993) Magnetic resonance imaging of pelvic floor relaxation: dynamic analysis and evaluation of patients before and after surgical repair. Obstet Gynecol 82(6):883–891PubMed Goodrich MA, Webb MJ, King BF, Bampton AE, Campeau NG, Riederer SJ (1993) Magnetic resonance imaging of pelvic floor relaxation: dynamic analysis and evaluation of patients before and after surgical repair. Obstet Gynecol 82(6):883–891PubMed
18.
go back to reference Ostrzenski A, Osborne NG, Ostrzenska K (1997) Method for diagnosing paravaginal defects using contrast ultrasonographic technique. J Ultrasound Med 16(10):673–677PubMed Ostrzenski A, Osborne NG, Ostrzenska K (1997) Method for diagnosing paravaginal defects using contrast ultrasonographic technique. J Ultrasound Med 16(10):673–677PubMed
19.
go back to reference Ostrzenski A, Osborne NG (1998) Ultrasonography as a screening tool for paravaginal defects in women with stress incontinence: a pilot study. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 9(4):195–199CrossRefPubMed Ostrzenski A, Osborne NG (1998) Ultrasonography as a screening tool for paravaginal defects in women with stress incontinence: a pilot study. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 9(4):195–199CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Nguyen JK, Hall CD, Taber E, Bhatia NN (2000) Sonographic diagnosis of paravaginal defects: a standardization of technique. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 11(6):341–345CrossRefPubMed Nguyen JK, Hall CD, Taber E, Bhatia NN (2000) Sonographic diagnosis of paravaginal defects: a standardization of technique. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 11(6):341–345CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Dietz HP, Pang S, Korda A, Benness C (2005) Paravaginal defects: a comparison of clinical examination and 2D/3D ultrasound imaging. Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol 45(3):187–190CrossRef Dietz HP, Pang S, Korda A, Benness C (2005) Paravaginal defects: a comparison of clinical examination and 2D/3D ultrasound imaging. Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol 45(3):187–190CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Dietz HP (2007) Quantification of major morphological abnormalities of the levator ani. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 29(3):329–334CrossRefPubMed Dietz HP (2007) Quantification of major morphological abnormalities of the levator ani. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 29(3):329–334CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Dietz HP, Simpson JM (2008) Levator trauma is associated with pelvic organ prolapse. BJOG 115(8):979–984CrossRefPubMed Dietz HP, Simpson JM (2008) Levator trauma is associated with pelvic organ prolapse. BJOG 115(8):979–984CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Klutke C, Golomb J, Barbaric Z, Raz S (1990) The anatomy of stress incontinence: magnetic resonance imaging of the female bladder neck and urethra. J Urol 143(3):563–566PubMed Klutke C, Golomb J, Barbaric Z, Raz S (1990) The anatomy of stress incontinence: magnetic resonance imaging of the female bladder neck and urethra. J Urol 143(3):563–566PubMed
25.
go back to reference Jia X, Glazener C, Mowatt G, MacLennan G, Bain C, Fraser C et al (2008) Efficacy and safety of using mesh or grafts in surgery for anterior and/or posterior vaginal wall prolapse: systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG 115(11):1350–1361CrossRefPubMed Jia X, Glazener C, Mowatt G, MacLennan G, Bain C, Fraser C et al (2008) Efficacy and safety of using mesh or grafts in surgery for anterior and/or posterior vaginal wall prolapse: systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG 115(11):1350–1361CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Do the anatomical defects associated with cystocoele affect the outcome of anterior repair? A clinical and radiological study
Authors
Olugbenga A. Adekanmi
Robert M. Freeman
Simon A. Jackson
Mark Puckett
Luigi Bombieri
Malcolm R. Waterfield
Publication date
01-11-2009
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
International Urogynecology Journal / Issue 11/2009
Print ISSN: 0937-3462
Electronic ISSN: 1433-3023
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-009-0962-2

Other articles of this Issue 11/2009

International Urogynecology Journal 11/2009 Go to the issue