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Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy
Published in: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 8/2014

01-08-2014 | Knee

UKA closely preserves natural knee kinematics in vitro

Authors: Thomas J. Heyse, Bilal F. El-Zayat, Ronny De Corte, Yan Chevalier, Lennart Scheys, Bernardo Innocenti, Susanne Fuchs-Winkelmann, Luc Labey

Published in: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy | Issue 8/2014

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Abstract

Purpose

It is assumed that unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA) features kinematics close to the natural knee. Clinical studies have also shown functional benefits for UKA. There is to date only little biomechanical data to support or explain these findings. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether UKA is able to preserve natural knee kinematics or not.

Methods

Six fresh frozen full leg cadaver specimens were prepared to be mounted in a kinematic rig with six degrees of freedom for the knee joint. Three motion patterns were applied before and after medial UKA: passive flexion–extension, open chain extension, and squatting. During the loaded motions, quadriceps and hamstrings muscle forces were applied. Infrared cameras continuously recorded the trajectories of marker frames rigidly attached to femur, tibia, and patella. Prior computer tomography allowed identification of coordinate frames of the bones and calculations of anatomical rotations and translations.

Results

Native kinematics was reproduced after UKA in all the specimens. In the unloaded knee and during open chain extension, femoral rollback patterns after UKA were very close to those in the native knee. During squatting, the medial femoral condyle after UKA tended to be more posterior and superior with flexion and there was less tibial internal rotation. The tibia was found to be more in valgus after UKA during all motion patterns.

Conclusion

As ligaments, lateral compartment and patellofemoral anatomy are preserved with UKA; the unloaded knee closely resembles native kinematics. The slight kinematic changes that were found under load are probably due to loss of the conforming medial meniscus and to the mismatch in geometry and stiffness introduced by UKA. These patterns resemble those found in knees with significant loss of function of the medial meniscus.
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Metadata
Title
UKA closely preserves natural knee kinematics in vitro
Authors
Thomas J. Heyse
Bilal F. El-Zayat
Ronny De Corte
Yan Chevalier
Lennart Scheys
Bernardo Innocenti
Susanne Fuchs-Winkelmann
Luc Labey
Publication date
01-08-2014
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy / Issue 8/2014
Print ISSN: 0942-2056
Electronic ISSN: 1433-7347
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-013-2752-0

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