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Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy
Published in: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 10/2011

01-10-2011 | Knee

New insights into anterior cruciate ligament deficiency and reconstruction through the assessment of knee kinematic variability in terms of nonlinear dynamics

Authors: Leslie M. Decker, Constantina Moraiti, Nicholas Stergiou, Anastasios D. Georgoulis

Published in: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy | Issue 10/2011

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Abstract

Purpose

Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) occur frequently, particularly in young adult athletes, and represent the majority of the lesions of knee ligaments. Recent investigations suggest that the assessment of kinematic variability using measures of nonlinear dynamics can provide with important insights with respect to physiological and pathological states. The purpose of the present article was to critically review and synthesize the literature addressing ACL deficiency and reconstruction from a nonlinear dynamics standpoint.

Methods

A literature search was carried out in the main medical databases for studies published between 1990 and 2010.

Results

Seven studies investigated knee kinematic variability in ACL patients. Results provided support for the theory of “optimal movement variability”. Practically, loss below optimal variability is associated with a more rigid and very repeatable movement pattern, as observed in the ACL-deficient knee. This is a state of low complexity and high predictability. On the other hand, increase beyond optimal variability is associated with a noisy and irregular movement pattern, as found in the ACL-reconstructed knee, regardless of which type of graft is used. This is a state of low complexity and low predictability. In both cases, the loss of optimal variability and the associated high complexity lead to an incapacity to respond appropriately to the environmental demands, thus providing an explanation for vulnerability to pathological changes following injury.

Conclusion

Subtle fluctuations that appear in knee kinematic patterns provide invaluable insight into the health of the neuromuscular function after ACL rupture and reconstruction. It is thus critical to explore them in longitudinal studies and utilize nonlinear measures as an important component of post-reconstruction medical assessment.

Level of evidence

II.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
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Metadata
Title
New insights into anterior cruciate ligament deficiency and reconstruction through the assessment of knee kinematic variability in terms of nonlinear dynamics
Authors
Leslie M. Decker
Constantina Moraiti
Nicholas Stergiou
Anastasios D. Georgoulis
Publication date
01-10-2011
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy / Issue 10/2011
Print ISSN: 0942-2056
Electronic ISSN: 1433-7347
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-011-1484-2

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