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Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy

Published in:

01-08-2009 | Knee

Biomechanics of the goat three bundle anterior cruciate ligament

Authors: T. Tischer, M. Ronga, A. Tsai, S. J. M. Ingham, M. Ekdahl, P. Smolinski, Freddie H. Fu

Published in: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy | Issue 8/2009

Abstract

The goat is a widely used animal model for basic research on the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), but the biomechanical role of the different bundles [intermediate (IM), anteromedial (AM), posterolateral (PL)] of the ACL is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe the biomechanical function of the different bundles and evaluate its use for a double bundle ACL reconstruction model. A CASPAR Stäubli RX90 robot with a six degree-of-freedom load cell was used for measurement of anterior tibial translation (ATT) (mm) and in situ forces (N) at 30° (full extension), 60°, 90° as well as rotational testing at 30° in 14 paired goat knees before and after each bundle was cut. When the AM-bundle was cut, the ATT increased significantly at 60° and 90° of flexion (p < 0.05). When the PL-bundle was cut, the ATT increased only at 30°. However, most load was transferred through the big AM-bundle while the PL-bundle shared significant load only at 30°, with only minimal contribution from the IM-bundle at all flexion degrees. The observed biomechanical results in this study are similar to the human ACL observed previously in the literature. Though anatomically discernible, the IM-bundle plays only an inferior role in ATT and might be neglected as a separate bundle during reconstruction. The goat ACL shows some differences to the human ACL, whereas the main functions of the ACL bundles are similar.

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Title: Biomechanics of the goat three bundle anterior cruciate ligament
Authors: T. Tischer
M. Ronga
A. Tsai
S. J. M. Ingham
M. Ekdahl
P. Smolinski
Freddie H. Fu
Publication date: 01-08-2009
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy / Issue 8/2009
Print ISSN: 0942-2056
Electronic ISSN: 1433-7347
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-009-0784-2

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Biomechanics of the goat three bundle anterior cruciate ligament

Abstract

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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