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Intensive Care Medicine
Published in: Intensive Care Medicine 10/2019

Open Access 01-10-2019 | Hyponatremia | Original

154 compared to 54 mmol per liter of sodium in intravenous maintenance fluid therapy for adult patients undergoing major thoracic surgery (TOPMAST): a single-center randomized controlled double-blind trial

Authors: Niels Van Regenmortel, Steven Hendrickx, Ella Roelant, Ingrid Baar, Karolien Dams, Karen Van Vlimmeren, Bart Embrecht, Anouk Wittock, Jeroen M. Hendriks, Patrick Lauwers, Paul E. Van Schil, Amaryllis H. Van Craenenbroeck, Walter Verbrugghe, Manu L. N. G. Malbrain, Tim Van den Wyngaert, Philippe G. Jorens

Published in: Intensive Care Medicine | Issue 10/2019

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Abstract

Purpose

To determine the effects of the sodium content of maintenance fluid therapy on cumulative fluid balance and electrolyte disorders.

Methods

We performed a randomized controlled trial of adults undergoing major thoracic surgery, randomly assigned (1:1) to receive maintenance fluids containing 154 mmol/L (Na154) or 54 mmol/L (Na54) of sodium from the start of surgery until their discharge from the ICU, the occurrence of a serious adverse event or the third postoperative day at the latest. Investigators, caregivers and patients were blinded to the treatment. Primary outcome was cumulative fluid balance. Electrolyte disturbances were assessed as secondary endpoints, different adverse events and physiological markers as safety and exploratory endpoints.

Findings

We randomly assigned 70 patients; primary outcome data were available for 33 and 34 patients in the Na54 and Na154 treatment arms, respectively. Estimated cumulative fluid balance at 72 h was 1369 mL (95% CI 601–2137) more positive in the Na154 arm (p < 0.001), despite comparable non-study fluid sources. Hyponatremia < 135 mmol/L was encountered in four patients (11.8%) under Na54 compared to none under Na154 (p = 0.04), but there was no significantly more hyponatremia < 130 mmol/L (1 versus 0; p = 0.31). There was more hyperchloremia > 109 mmol/L under Na154 (24/35 patients, 68.6%) than under Na54 (4/34 patients, 11.8%) (p < 0.001). The treating clinicians discontinued the study due to clinical or radiographic fluid overload in six patients receiving Na154 compared to one patient under Na54 (excess risk 14.2%; 95% CI − 0.2–30.4%, p = 0.05).

Conclusions

In adult surgical patients, sodium-rich maintenance solutions were associated with a more positive cumulative fluid balance and hyperchloremia; hypotonic fluids were associated with mild and asymptomatic hyponatremia.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
154 compared to 54 mmol per liter of sodium in intravenous maintenance fluid therapy for adult patients undergoing major thoracic surgery (TOPMAST): a single-center randomized controlled double-blind trial
Authors
Niels Van Regenmortel
Steven Hendrickx
Ella Roelant
Ingrid Baar
Karolien Dams
Karen Van Vlimmeren
Bart Embrecht
Anouk Wittock
Jeroen M. Hendriks
Patrick Lauwers
Paul E. Van Schil
Amaryllis H. Van Craenenbroeck
Walter Verbrugghe
Manu L. N. G. Malbrain
Tim Van den Wyngaert
Philippe G. Jorens
Publication date
01-10-2019
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keyword
Hyponatremia
Published in
Intensive Care Medicine / Issue 10/2019
Print ISSN: 0342-4642
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1238
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-019-05772-1

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