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01-04-2019 | Original

Nasal high-flow preoxygenation for endotracheal intubation in the critically ill patient: a randomized clinical trial

Authors: Christophe Guitton, Stephan Ehrmann, Christelle Volteau, Gwenhael Colin, Adel Maamar, Vanessa Jean-Michel, Pierre-Joachim Mahe, Mickael Landais, Noelle Brule, Cedric Bretonnière, Olivier Zambon, Mickael Vourc’h

Published in: Intensive Care Medicine | Issue 4/2019

Abstract

Purpose

Preoxygenation with high-flow therapy by nasal cannulae (HFNC) is now widespread in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, no large randomized study has assessed its relevance in non-severely hypoxemic patients. In a randomized controlled trial (PROTRACH study), we aimed to evaluate preoxygenation with HFNC vs. standard bag-valve mask oxygenation (SMO) in non-severely hypoxemic patients during rapid sequence intubation (RSI) in the ICU.

Methods

Randomized controlled trial including non-severely hypoxemic patients requiring intubation in the ICU. Patients received preoxygenation by HFNC or SMO during RSI. HFNC was maintained throughout the intubation procedure whereas SMO was removed to perform laryngoscopy. The primary outcome was the lowest pulse oximetry (SpO₂) throughout the intubation procedure. Secondary outcomes included drop in SpO₂, adverse events related to intubation, and outcome in the ICU.

Results

A total of 192 patients were randomized. In the intent-to-treat analysis, 184 patients (HFNC n = 95; SMO n = 89), the median [IQR] lowest SpO₂ was 100% [97; 100] for HFNC and 99% [95; 100] for the SMO group (P = 0.30). Mild desaturation below 95% was more frequent with SMO (23%) than with HFNC (12%) (RR 0.51, 95% CI 0.26–0.99, P = 0.045). There were fewer adverse events in the HFNC group (6%) than in the SMO group (19%) (RR 0.31, 95% CI 0.13–0.76, P = 0.007), including fewer severe adverse events, respectively 6 (6%) and 14 (16%) with HFNC and SMO (RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.15–0.95, P = 0.03).

Conclusions

Compared with SMO, preoxygenation with HFNC in the ICU did not improve the lowest SpO₂ during intubation in the non-severely hypoxemic patients but led to a reduction in intubation-related adverse events.

Trial registration

Clinical trial Submission: 7 March 2016. Registry name: Benefits of high-flow nasal cannulae oxygen for preoxygenation during intubation in non-severely hypoxemic patients: the PROTRACH study. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02700321. Eudra CT: 2015-A00145-44. CPP: 15/13-975 (Comité de protection des personnes de Rennes). URL registry: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT02700321.

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Title: Nasal high-flow preoxygenation for endotracheal intubation in the critically ill patient: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Christophe Guitton
Stephan Ehrmann
Christelle Volteau
Gwenhael Colin
Adel Maamar
Vanessa Jean-Michel
Pierre-Joachim Mahe
Mickael Landais
Noelle Brule
Cedric Bretonnière
Olivier Zambon
Mickael Vourc’h
Publication date: 01-04-2019
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Intensive Care Medicine / Issue 4/2019
Print ISSN: 0342-4642
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1238
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-019-05529-w

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Nasal high-flow preoxygenation for endotracheal intubation in the critically ill patient: a randomized clinical trial

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Trial registration

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Trial registration

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