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01-12-2013 | Original

A research agenda on the management of intra-abdominal candidiasis: results from a consensus of multinational experts

Authors: Matteo Bassetti, Monia Marchetti, Arunaloke Chakrabarti, Sergio Colizza, Jose Garnacho-Montero, Daniel H. Kett, Patricia Munoz, Francesco Cristini, Anastasia Andoniadou, Pierluigi Viale, Giorgio Della Rocca, Emmanuel Roilides, Gabriele Sganga, Thomas J. Walsh, Carlo Tascini, Mario Tumbarello, Francesco Menichetti, Elda Righi, Christian Eckmann, Claudio Viscoli, Andrew F. Shorr, Olivier Leroy, George Petrikos, Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa

Published in: Intensive Care Medicine | Issue 12/2013

Abstract

Introduction

intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC) may include Candida involvement of peritoneum or intra-abdominal abscess and is burdened by high morbidity and mortality rates in surgical patients. Unfortunately, international guidelines do not specifically address this particular clinical setting due to heterogeneity of definitions and scant direct evidence. In order to cover this unmet clinical need, the Italian Society of Intensive Care and the International Society of Chemotherapy endorsed a project aimed at producing practice recommendations for the management of immune-competent adult patients with IAC.

Methods

A multidisciplinary expert panel of 22 members (surgeons, infectious disease and intensive care physicians) was convened and assisted by a methodologist between April 2012 and May 2013. Evidence supporting each statement was graded according to the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Diseases (ESCMID) grading system.

Results

Only a few of the numerous recommendations can be summarized in the Abstract. Direct microscopy examination for yeast detection from purulent and necrotic intra-abdominal specimens during surgery or by percutaneous aspiration is recommended in all patients with nonappendicular abdominal infections including secondary and tertiary peritonitis. Samples obtained from drainage tubes are not valuable except for evaluation of colonization. Prophylactic usage of fluconazole should be adopted in patients with recent abdominal surgery and recurrent gastrointestinal perforation or anastomotic leakage. Empirical antifungal treatment with echinocandins or lipid formulations of amphotericin B should be strongly considered in critically ill patients or those with previous exposure to azoles and suspected intra-abdominal infection with at least one specific risk factor for Candida infection. In patients with nonspecific risk factors, a positive mannan/antimannan or (1→3)-β-d-glucan (BDG) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test result should be present to start empirical therapy. Fluconazole can be adopted for the empirical and targeted therapy of non-critically ill patients without previous exposure to azoles unless they are known to be colonized with a Candida strain with reduced susceptibility to azoles. Treatment can be simplified by stepping down to an azole (fluconazole or voriconazole) after at least 5–7 days of treatment with echinocandins or lipid formulations of amphotericin B, if the species is susceptible and the patient has clinically improved.

Conclusions

Specific recommendations were elaborated on IAC management based on the best direct and indirect evidence and on the expertise of a multinational panel.

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Title: A research agenda on the management of intra-abdominal candidiasis: results from a consensus of multinational experts
Authors: Matteo Bassetti
Monia Marchetti
Arunaloke Chakrabarti
Sergio Colizza
Jose Garnacho-Montero
Daniel H. Kett
Patricia Munoz
Francesco Cristini
Anastasia Andoniadou
Pierluigi Viale
Giorgio Della Rocca
Emmanuel Roilides
Gabriele Sganga
Thomas J. Walsh
Carlo Tascini
Mario Tumbarello
Francesco Menichetti
Elda Righi
Christian Eckmann
Claudio Viscoli
Andrew F. Shorr
Olivier Leroy
George Petrikos
Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa
Publication date: 01-12-2013
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Intensive Care Medicine / Issue 12/2013
Print ISSN: 0342-4642
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1238
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-013-3109-3

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

A research agenda on the management of intra-abdominal candidiasis: results from a consensus of multinational experts

Abstract

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusions

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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