Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 7/2011

01-07-2011 | Original Paper

Health of national service veterans: an analysis of a community-based sample using data from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey of England

Authors: Charlotte Woodhead, Roberto J. Rona, Amy C. Iversen, Deirdre MacManus, Matthew Hotopf, Kimberlie Dean, Sally McManus, Howard Meltzer, Traolach Brugha, Rachel Jenkins, Simon Wessely, Nicola T. Fear

Published in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology | Issue 7/2011

Login to get access

Abstract

Purpose

In the context of increasing concerns for the health of UK armed forces veterans, this study aims to compare the prevalence of current mental, physical and behavioural difficulties in conscripted national service veterans with population controls, and to assess the impact of length of service in the military. The compulsory nature of national service sets these veterans apart from younger veterans.

Method

Data are drawn from a nationally representative community-dwelling sample of England. We compared 484 male national service veterans to 301 male non-veterans aged 65+ years.

Results

There were no differences in mental, behavioural or physical outcomes, except that veterans were less likely to have “any mental disorder” than non-veterans (age adjusted OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.31, 0.99). Longer serving veterans were older but were not different in terms of mental, behavioural or physical outcomes.

Conclusions

Community-dwelling national service veterans are at no greater risk of current adverse mental, physical or behavioural health than population controls.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Hickman T (2004) The call up: a history of national service 1947–1963. Headline Book Publishing Ltd, London Hickman T (2004) The call up: a history of national service 1947–1963. Headline Book Publishing Ltd, London
2.
go back to reference Elder GH Jr, Clipp EC (1988) Wartime losses and social bonding: influences across 40 years in men’s lives. Psychiatry 51:177–198PubMed Elder GH Jr, Clipp EC (1988) Wartime losses and social bonding: influences across 40 years in men’s lives. Psychiatry 51:177–198PubMed
3.
go back to reference Elder GH Jr, Clipp EC (1989) Combat experience and emotional health: impairment and resilience in later life. J Pers 57:311–341PubMedCrossRef Elder GH Jr, Clipp EC (1989) Combat experience and emotional health: impairment and resilience in later life. J Pers 57:311–341PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Norquist GS, Hough RL, Golding JM, Escobar JI (1990) Psychiatric disorder in male veterans and nonveterans. J Nerv Ment Dis 178:328–335PubMedCrossRef Norquist GS, Hough RL, Golding JM, Escobar JI (1990) Psychiatric disorder in male veterans and nonveterans. J Nerv Ment Dis 178:328–335PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Fontana A, Rosenheck R (1994) Traumatic war stressors and psychiatric symptoms among World War II, Korean, and Vietnam War veterans. Psychol Aging 9:27–33PubMedCrossRef Fontana A, Rosenheck R (1994) Traumatic war stressors and psychiatric symptoms among World War II, Korean, and Vietnam War veterans. Psychol Aging 9:27–33PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Ikin JF, Sim MR, McKenzie DP, Horsley KWA, Wilson EJ, Moore MR, Jelfs P, Harrex WK, Henderson S (2007) Anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in Korean War veterans 50 years after the war. Br J Psychiatry 190:475–483PubMedCrossRef Ikin JF, Sim MR, McKenzie DP, Horsley KWA, Wilson EJ, Moore MR, Jelfs P, Harrex WK, Henderson S (2007) Anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in Korean War veterans 50 years after the war. Br J Psychiatry 190:475–483PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference McLeod AD (1994) The reactivation of posttraumatic stress disorder in later life. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 28:625–634 McLeod AD (1994) The reactivation of posttraumatic stress disorder in later life. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 28:625–634
9.
go back to reference Goldman NL, Stites R (1982) Great Britain and the World Wars. In: Goldman NL (ed) Female soldiers—combatants or non-combatants? Historical and contemporary perspectives. Greenwood Press, Westport, pp 21–46 Goldman NL, Stites R (1982) Great Britain and the World Wars. In: Goldman NL (ed) Female soldiers—combatants or non-combatants? Historical and contemporary perspectives. Greenwood Press, Westport, pp 21–46
10.
go back to reference Iversen AC, Fear NT, Simonoff E, Hull L, Horn O, Greenberg N, Hotopf M, Rona R, Wessely S (2007) Influence of childhood adversity on health among male UK military personnel. Br J Psychiatry 191:506–511PubMedCrossRef Iversen AC, Fear NT, Simonoff E, Hull L, Horn O, Greenberg N, Hotopf M, Rona R, Wessely S (2007) Influence of childhood adversity on health among male UK military personnel. Br J Psychiatry 191:506–511PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Brugha TS, Morgan Z, Bebbington P, Jenkins R, Lewis G, Farrell M, Meltzer H (2003) Social support networks and type of neurotic symptom among adults in British households. Psychol Med 33:307–318PubMedCrossRef Brugha TS, Morgan Z, Bebbington P, Jenkins R, Lewis G, Farrell M, Meltzer H (2003) Social support networks and type of neurotic symptom among adults in British households. Psychol Med 33:307–318PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Lewis G, Pelosi AJ, Araya R, Dunn G (1992) Measuring psychiatric disorder in the community: a standardized assessment for use by lay interviewers. Psychol Med 22:465–486PubMedCrossRef Lewis G, Pelosi AJ, Araya R, Dunn G (1992) Measuring psychiatric disorder in the community: a standardized assessment for use by lay interviewers. Psychol Med 22:465–486PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Babor TF, Higgins-Biddle JC, Saunders JB, Monteiro MG (2001) AUDIT: the alcohol use disorders identification test, 2nd edn. World Health Organization, Geneva Babor TF, Higgins-Biddle JC, Saunders JB, Monteiro MG (2001) AUDIT: the alcohol use disorders identification test, 2nd edn. World Health Organization, Geneva
14.
go back to reference Fear NT, Iversen AC, Meltzer H, Workman L, Hull L, Greenberg N, Barker C, Browne T, Earnshaw M, Horn O, Jones M, Murphy D, Rona RJ, Hotopf M, Wessely S (2007) Patterns of drinking in the UK Armed Forces. Addiction 102:1749–1759PubMedCrossRef Fear NT, Iversen AC, Meltzer H, Workman L, Hull L, Greenberg N, Barker C, Browne T, Earnshaw M, Horn O, Jones M, Murphy D, Rona RJ, Hotopf M, Wessely S (2007) Patterns of drinking in the UK Armed Forces. Addiction 102:1749–1759PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Stockwell T, Murphy D, Hogson R (1983) The severity of alcohol dependence questionnaire: its use, reliability and validity. Br J Addict 78:145–155PubMedCrossRef Stockwell T, Murphy D, Hogson R (1983) The severity of alcohol dependence questionnaire: its use, reliability and validity. Br J Addict 78:145–155PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Brewin CR, Rose S, Andrews B, Green J, Tata P, McEvedy CA, Turner S, Foa EB (2002) A brief screening instrument for post-traumatic stress disorder. Br J Psychiatry 181:158–162PubMed Brewin CR, Rose S, Andrews B, Green J, Tata P, McEvedy CA, Turner S, Foa EB (2002) A brief screening instrument for post-traumatic stress disorder. Br J Psychiatry 181:158–162PubMed
17.
go back to reference Dennis M, Baillon S, Brugha T, Lindesay J, Stewart R, Meltzer H (2009) The influence of limitation in activity of daily living and physical health on suicidal ideation: results from a population survey of Great Britain. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 44:608–613PubMedCrossRef Dennis M, Baillon S, Brugha T, Lindesay J, Stewart R, Meltzer H (2009) The influence of limitation in activity of daily living and physical health on suicidal ideation: results from a population survey of Great Britain. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 44:608–613PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Hotopf M, Hull L, Fear NT, Browne T, Horn O, Iversen A, Jones M, Murphy D, Bland D, Earnshaw M, Greenberg N, Hacker-Hughes J, Tate AR, Dandeker C, Rona R, Wessely S (2006) The health of UK military personnel who deployed to the 2003 Iraq war: a cohort study. Lancet 367:1731–1741PubMedCrossRef Hotopf M, Hull L, Fear NT, Browne T, Horn O, Iversen A, Jones M, Murphy D, Bland D, Earnshaw M, Greenberg N, Hacker-Hughes J, Tate AR, Dandeker C, Rona R, Wessely S (2006) The health of UK military personnel who deployed to the 2003 Iraq war: a cohort study. Lancet 367:1731–1741PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD (1992) The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care 30:473–483PubMedCrossRef Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD (1992) The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care 30:473–483PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference McHorney CA, Ware JE Jr, Raczek AE (1993) The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): II. Psychometric and clinical tests of validity in measuring physical and mental health constructs. Med Care 31:247–263PubMedCrossRef McHorney CA, Ware JE Jr, Raczek AE (1993) The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): II. Psychometric and clinical tests of validity in measuring physical and mental health constructs. Med Care 31:247–263PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Hyer L, Summers M, Braswell L, Boyd S (1995) Posttraumatic stress disorder: silent problem among older combat veterans. Psychotherapy 32:348–364CrossRef Hyer L, Summers M, Braswell L, Boyd S (1995) Posttraumatic stress disorder: silent problem among older combat veterans. Psychotherapy 32:348–364CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Bramsen I, Deeg DJH, Van der Ploeg E, Fransman S (2002) Wartime stressors and mental health symptoms as predictors of late-life mortality in World War II survivors. J Affect Disord 103:121–129CrossRef Bramsen I, Deeg DJH, Van der Ploeg E, Fransman S (2002) Wartime stressors and mental health symptoms as predictors of late-life mortality in World War II survivors. J Affect Disord 103:121–129CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Lee KA, Vaillant GE, Torrey WC, Elder GH (1995) A 50-year prospective study of psychological sequelae of World War II combat. Am J Psychiatry 152:516–522PubMed Lee KA, Vaillant GE, Torrey WC, Elder GH (1995) A 50-year prospective study of psychological sequelae of World War II combat. Am J Psychiatry 152:516–522PubMed
24.
go back to reference Spiro A III, Schnurr PP, Aldwin CM (1994) Combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in older men. Psychol Aging 9:17–26PubMedCrossRef Spiro A III, Schnurr PP, Aldwin CM (1994) Combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in older men. Psychol Aging 9:17–26PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Wessely S, Jones E (2004) Psychiatry and the ‘lessons of Vietnam’: what were they and are they still relevant? War Soc 22:89–103 Wessely S, Jones E (2004) Psychiatry and the ‘lessons of Vietnam’: what were they and are they still relevant? War Soc 22:89–103
26.
go back to reference Jones E (2006) Historical approaches to post-combat disorders. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 361:533–542PubMedCrossRef Jones E (2006) Historical approaches to post-combat disorders. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 361:533–542PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Blake DD, Keane TM, Wine PR, Mora C, Taylor KL, Lyons JA (1990) Prevalence of PTSD symptoms in combat veterans seeking medical treatment. J Trauma Stress 3:15–27CrossRef Blake DD, Keane TM, Wine PR, Mora C, Taylor KL, Lyons JA (1990) Prevalence of PTSD symptoms in combat veterans seeking medical treatment. J Trauma Stress 3:15–27CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Engdahl BE, Eberly RE, Blake JD (1996) Assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder in World War II veterans. Psychol Assess 8:445–449CrossRef Engdahl BE, Eberly RE, Blake JD (1996) Assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder in World War II veterans. Psychol Assess 8:445–449CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Rosenheck R, Fontana A (1994) Long-term sequelae of combat in World War II, Korea and Vietnam: a comparative study. In: Ursano R, McCaughey B, Fullerton C (eds) Individual and community response to trauma and disaster. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 330–359CrossRef Rosenheck R, Fontana A (1994) Long-term sequelae of combat in World War II, Korea and Vietnam: a comparative study. In: Ursano R, McCaughey B, Fullerton C (eds) Individual and community response to trauma and disaster. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 330–359CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Bramsen I, Van der Ploeg HM (1999) Fifty years later: the long-term psychological adjustment of ageing World War II survivors. Acta Psychiatr Scand 100:350–358PubMedCrossRef Bramsen I, Van der Ploeg HM (1999) Fifty years later: the long-term psychological adjustment of ageing World War II survivors. Acta Psychiatr Scand 100:350–358PubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Melzer D, Buxton J, Villamil E (2004) Decline in common mental disorder prevalence in men during the sixth decade of life: evidence from the National Morbidity Survey. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 39:33–38PubMedCrossRef Melzer D, Buxton J, Villamil E (2004) Decline in common mental disorder prevalence in men during the sixth decade of life: evidence from the National Morbidity Survey. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 39:33–38PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Health of national service veterans: an analysis of a community-based sample using data from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey of England
Authors
Charlotte Woodhead
Roberto J. Rona
Amy C. Iversen
Deirdre MacManus
Matthew Hotopf
Kimberlie Dean
Sally McManus
Howard Meltzer
Traolach Brugha
Rachel Jenkins
Simon Wessely
Nicola T. Fear
Publication date
01-07-2011
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology / Issue 7/2011
Print ISSN: 0933-7954
Electronic ISSN: 1433-9285
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-010-0232-0

Other articles of this Issue 7/2011

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 7/2011 Go to the issue