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Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
Published in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 11/2010

01-11-2010 | Original Paper

Who are the restrained and secluded patients: a 15-year nationwide study

Authors: Alice Keski-Valkama, Eila Sailas, Markku Eronen, Anna-Maija Koivisto, Jouko Lönnqvist, Riittakerttu Kaltiala-Heino

Published in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology | Issue 11/2010

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Abstract

Background

To find interventions for reducing the use of restraint and seclusion, it is necessary to identify who the restrained and secluded patients are. The aim of the present study was to determine which demographic and clinical groups of psychiatric inpatients are at risk of being restrained/secluded, and whether there have been changes in the restrained/secluded patients’ profiles over a 15-year period in Finland.

Method

A structured postal survey concerning the demographic and clinical information of restrained/secluded patients was completed in all Finnish psychiatric hospitals during a predetermined week in 1990, 1991, 1994, 1998, and 2004. The National Hospital Discharge Register was used to gather information on all psychiatric inpatients during the study weeks.

Results

Out of the variables studied (age, gender, main diagnosis, phase of hospital stay), only the main diagnosis and the phase of hospital stay were independent risk factors for restraint/seclusion, and remained constant over time. The age profile of the restrained/secluded patients was unstable over time and the risk of being restrained/secluded was not associated with gender.

Conclusion

Restraint and seclusion is used mainly among the acute and the most disturbed patients. Therefore, in order to reduce the use of restraint and seclusion, resources should be targeted especially to these groups.
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Metadata
Title
Who are the restrained and secluded patients: a 15-year nationwide study
Authors
Alice Keski-Valkama
Eila Sailas
Markku Eronen
Anna-Maija Koivisto
Jouko Lönnqvist
Riittakerttu Kaltiala-Heino
Publication date
01-11-2010
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology / Issue 11/2010
Print ISSN: 0933-7954
Electronic ISSN: 1433-9285
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-009-0150-1

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