Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
Published in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 4/2007

01-04-2007 | ORIGINAL PAPER

Health habits of patients with schizophrenia

Authors: Dr. med. Christiane Roick, MPH, Anita Fritz-Wieacker, Herbert Matschinger, Dirk Heider, Jana Schindler, Steffi Riedel-Heller, Matthias C. Angermeyer

Published in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology | Issue 4/2007

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The aim of the study was to analyze the physical activity, dietary, drinking, and smoking habits of schizophrenia patients (SP).

Methods

Data from 194 schizophrenia outpatients collected using sections of the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey were compared with data from the German general population (GP). In addition to univariate data analyses, a multivariate regression analysis was performed.

Results

Schizophrenia patients have a supper snack more frequently, consume instant meals and calorie-reduced food more frequently, and eat healthy groceries more rarely. Though they drink less alcohol, a greater proportion currently smokes, smoking on average 4 cigarettes more per day. On workdays they spend less time with strenuous activities, and in leisure time a greater proportion is involved in no sports. Regression analysis revealed that schizophrenia by itself or in interaction with demographic variables influences physical activity as well as alcohol, nicotine, and healthy grocery consumption. Health habits were particularly disadvantageously affected by schizophrenia in connection with unemployment.

Conclusions

Schizophrenia patients are an appropriate target group for public health interventions. They need information about a healthy diet and motivation to prepare their own meals, to quit smoking, and to exercise.
Literature
1.
Agerbo E, Byrne M, Eaton WW, Mortensen PB (2004) Marital and labor market status in the long run in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiat 61:28–33PubMedCrossRef
2.
Allison DB, Casey DE (2001) Antipsychotic-induced weight gain: a review of the literature. J Clin Psychiat 62(Suppl 7):22–31
3.
Allison DB, Mentore JL, Heo M, Chandler LP, Cappelleri JC, Infante MC, Weiden PJ (1999) Antipsychotic-induced weight gain: a comprehensive research synthesis. Am J Psychiat 156:1686–1696PubMed
4.
Bernadt MW, Murray RM (1986) Psychiatric disorder, drinking and alcoholism: what are the links? Br J Psychiat 148:393–400
5.
Blanchard JJ, Brown SA, Horan WP, Sherwood AR (2000) Substance use disorders in schizophrenia: review, integration, and a proposed model. Clin Psychol Rev 20:207–234PubMedCrossRef
6.
7.
Brown S (1997) Excess mortality of schizophrenia. A meta-analysis. Br J Psychiat 171:502–508
8.
Brown S, Birtwistle J, Roe L, Thompson C (1999) The unhealthy lifestyle of people with schizophrenia. Psychol Med 29:697–701PubMedCrossRef
9.
Brown S, Inskip H, Barraclough B (2000) Causes of the excess mortality of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiat 177:212–217CrossRef
10.
Center for disease control, prevention (2001) Prevalence of healthy lifestyle characteristics – Michigan, 1998 and 2000. Morbidity Mortality Weekly Rep 50:758–761
11.
Connolly M, Kelly C (2005) Lifestyle and physical health in schizophrenia. Adv Psychiat Treat 11:125–132CrossRef
12.
Daumit GL, Goldberg RW, Anthony C, Dickerson F, Brown CH, Kreyenbuhl J, Wohlheiter K, Dixon LB (2005) Physical activity patterns in adults with severe mental illness. J Nerv Ment Dis 193:641–646PubMedCrossRef
13.
de Leon J (2003) Polydipsia – a study in a long-term psychiatric unit. Eur Arch Psychiatr Clin Neurosci 253:37–39CrossRef
14.
de Leon J, Diaz FJ, Rogers T, Browne D, Dinsmore L (2002) Initiation of daily smoking and nicotine dependence in schizophrenia and mood disorders. Schizophr Res 56:47–54PubMedCrossRef
15.
de Leon J, Tracy J, McCann E, McGrory A, Diaz FJ (2002) Schizophrenia and tobacco smoking: a replication study in another US psychiatric hospital. Schizophrenia Res 56:55–65CrossRef
16.
Dickerson FB, Pater A, Origoni AE (2002) Health behaviors and health status of older women with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv 53:882–884PubMedCrossRef
17.
Dickey B, Normand SL, Weiss RD, Drake RE, Azeni H (2002) Medical morbidity, mental illness, and substance use disorders. Psychiatr Serv 53:861–867PubMedCrossRef
18.
Dixon L, Weiden P, Delahanty J, Goldberg R, Postrado L, Lucksted A, Lehman A (2000) Prevalence and correlates of diabetes in national schizophrenia samples. Schizophr Bull 26:903–912PubMed
19.
Elizondo-Armendariz JJ, Guillen Grima F, Aguinaga Ontoso I (2005) Prevalence of physical activity and its relationship to sociodemographic variables and lifestyles in the age 18–65 population of Pamplona, Spain. Rev Esp Salud Publica 79:559–567PubMedCrossRef
20.
Gillis AJ (1993) Determinants of a health-promoting lifestyle: an integrative review. J Adv Nurs 18:345–353PubMedCrossRef
21.
22.
Hughes JR, McHugh P, Holtzman S (1998) Caffeine and schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv 49:1415–1417PubMed
23.
Johansson L, Thelle DS, Solvoll K, Bjorneboe GE, Drevon CA (1999) Healthy dietary habits in relation to social determinants and lifestyle factors. Br J Nutr 81:211–220PubMed
24.
Kelly C, McCreadie R (2000) Cigarette smoking and schizophrenia. Adv Psychiatr Treat 6:327–332CrossRef
25.
Kumari V, Postma P (2005) Nicotine use in schizophrenia: the self medication hypotheses. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 29:1021–1034PubMedCrossRef
26.
Lean ME, Pajonk FG (2003) Patients on atypical antipsychotic drugs: another high-risk group for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 26:1597–1605PubMedCrossRef
27.
Lichtermann D, Ekelund J, Pukkala E, Tanskanen A, Lonnqvist J (2001) Incidence of cancer among persons with schizophrenia and their relatives. Arch Gen Psychiat 58:573–578PubMedCrossRef
28.
Manzoli L, Di Giovanni P, Dragani V, Ferrandino MG, Morano JP, Rauti I, Schioppa F, Romano F, Staniscia T (2005) Smoking behaviour, cessation attempts and the influence of parental smoking in older adult women: a cross-sectional analysis from Italy. Public Health 119:670–678PubMedCrossRef
29.
McChargue DE, Gulliver SB, Hitsman B (2002) Would smokers with schizophrenia benefit from a more flexible approach to smoking treatment? Addiction 97:785–793PubMedCrossRef
30.
McCreadie RG (2003) Diet, smoking and cardiovascular risk in people with schizophrenia: descriptive study. Br J Psychiat 183:534–539CrossRef
31.
McCreadie RG, Macdonald E, Blacklock C, Tilak-Singh D, Wiles D, Halliday J, Paterson J (1998) Dietary intake of schizophrenic patients in Nithsdale, Scotland: case-control study. BMJ 317:784–785PubMed
32.
McEvoy JP (2000) Schizophrenia, substance misuse, and smoking. Curr Opin Psychiat 13:15–19CrossRef
33.
McEvoy JP, Allen TB (2003) Substance abuse (including nicotine) in schizophrenic patients. Curr Opin Psychiat 16:199–205CrossRef
34.
Menezes PR, Johnson S, Thornicroft G, Marshall J, Prosser D, Bebbington P, Kuipers E (1996) Drug and alcohol problems among individuals with severe mental illness in south London. Br J Psychiat 168:612–619CrossRef
35.
Möller H-J, Laux G, Deister A (2001) Psychiatrie und psychotherapie. Thieme Stuttgart
36.
Osby U, Correia N, Brandt L, Ekbom A, Sparen P (2000) Mortality and causes of death in schizophrenia in Stockholm county, Sweden. Schizophr Res 45:21–28PubMedCrossRef
37.
Painter J, Rah JH, Lee YK (2002) Comparison of international food guide pictorial representations. J Am Diet Assoc 102:483–489PubMedCrossRef
38.
Paton C, Esop R, Young C, Taylor D (2004) Obesity, dyslipidaemias and smoking in an inpatient population treated with antipsychotic drugs. Acta Psychiatr Scand 110:299–305PubMedCrossRef
39.
Peet M (2004) Diet, diabetes and schizophrenia: review and hypothesis. Br J Psychiat 47:S102–105CrossRef
40.
Pender NJ, Walker SN, Sechrist KR, Frank-Stromborg M (1990) Predicting health-promoting lifestyles in the workplace. Nurs Res 39:326–332PubMedCrossRef
41.
Pronk NP, Anderson LH, Crain AL, Martinson BC, O’Connor PJ, Sherwood NE, Whitebird RR (2004) Meeting recommendations for multiple healthy lifestyle factors Prevalence, clustering, and predictors among adolescent, adult, and senior health plan members. Am J Prev Med 27:25–33PubMedCrossRef
42.
Rodgers B, Korten AE, Jorm AF, Jacomb PA, Christensen H, Henderson AS (2000) Non-linear relationships in associations of depression and anxiety with alcohol use. Psychol Med 30:421–432PubMedCrossRef
43.
Ryan MC, Collins P, Thakore JH (2003) Impaired fasting glucose tolerance in first-episode, drug-naive patients with schizophrenia. Am J Psychiat 160:284–289PubMedCrossRef
44.
Saari K, Jokelainen J, Veijola J, Koponen H, Jones PB, Savolainen M, Jarvelin MR, Lauren L, Isohanni M, Lindeman S (2004) Serum lipids in schizophrenia and other functional psychoses: a general population northern Finland 1966 birth cohort survey. Acta Psychiatr Scand 110:279–285PubMedCrossRef
45.
Sernyak MJ, Leslie DL, Alarcon RD, Losonczy MF, Rosenheck R (2002) Association of diabetes mellitus with use of atypical neuroleptics in the treatment of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiat 159:561–566PubMedCrossRef
46.
Silverstone T, Smith G, Goodall E (1988) Prevalence of obesity in patients receiving depot antipsychotics. Br J Psychiat 153:214–217CrossRef
47.
Steffen LM, Arnett DK, Blackburn H, Shah G, Armstrong C, Luepker RV, Jacobs DR Jr (2006) Population trends in leisure-time physical activity: Minnesota Heart Survey, 1980–2000. Med Sci Sports Exerc 38:1716–1723PubMedCrossRef
48.
Strassnig M, Brar JS, Ganguli R (2003) Nutritional assessment of patients with schizophrenia: a preliminary study. Schizophr Bull 29:393–397PubMed
49.
Tardieu S, Micallef J, Gentile S, Blin O (2003) Weight gain profiles of new anti-psychotics: public health consequences. Obes Rev 4:129–138PubMedCrossRef
50.
Thefeld W, Stolzenberg H, Bellach BM (1999) German national health interview and examination survey: response, composition of participants, and analysis of non-respondents. Gesundheitswesen 61:S57–61PubMed
51.
Vieweg WV, Sood AB, Pandurangi A, Silverman JJ (2005) Newer antipsychotic drugs and obesity in children and adolescents. How should we assess drug-associated weight gain? Acta Psychiatr Scand 111:177–184PubMedCrossRef
52.
von Bothmer MI, Fridlund B (2005) Gender differences in health habits and in motivation for a healthy lifestyle among Swedish university students. Nurs Health Sci 7:107–118CrossRef
53.
World Health Organisation (1992) The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioral disorders: clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. World Health Organisation, Geneva
Metadata
Title
Health habits of patients with schizophrenia
Authors
Dr. med. Christiane Roick, MPH
Anita Fritz-Wieacker
Herbert Matschinger
Dirk Heider
Jana Schindler
Steffi Riedel-Heller
Matthias C. Angermeyer
Publication date
01-04-2007
Publisher
D. Steinkopff-Verlag
Published in
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology / Issue 4/2007
Print ISSN: 0933-7954
Electronic ISSN: 1433-9285
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-007-0164-5

Other articles of this Issue 4/2007

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 4/2007 Go to the issue

ORIGINAL PAPER

The prevalence of postpartum depression

ORIGINAL PAPER

Gender differences in traumatic life events, coping strategies, perceived social support and sociodemographics among postconflict displaced persons in Ethiopia

ORIGINAL PAPER

The relationship between cognitive dysfunction and stress sensitivity in schizophrenia

ORIGINAL PAPER

Seemingly minor changes to a questionnaire can make a big difference to mean scores: a cautionary tale

ORIGINAL PAPER

Admission of mentally disordered offenders to specialized forensic care in fifteen European Union member states

ORIGINAL PAPER

Sociodemographic and clinical factors related to devaluation/discrimination and rejection experiences among users of mental health services