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European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery
Published in: European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery 3/2016

Open Access 01-06-2016 | Original Article

Vitamin D deficiency in adult fracture patients: prevalence and risk factors

Authors: E. A. Gorter, P. Krijnen, I. B. Schipper

Published in: European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery | Issue 3/2016

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Abstract

Purpose

Although vitamin D levels are not routinely monitored in outpatient fracture patients, identification of fracture patients with a deficient vitamin D status may be clinically relevant because of the potential role of vitamin D in fracture healing. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in non-operatively treated adult fracture patients.

Patients and methods

Vitamin D levels were determined in a cross-sectional study of adult patients, who were treated non-operatively for a fracture of the upper or lower extremity in the outpatient clinic of a level 1 trauma center, during one calendar year. Potential risk factors for (severe) vitamin D deficiency were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results

A total of 208 men and 319 women with a mean age of 49.7 years (SD 19.9) were included. In this population, 71 % had a serum calcidiol <75 nmol/L, 40 % were vitamin D deficient (serum calcidiol <50 nmol/L) and 11 % were severely vitamin D deficient (serum calcidiol <25 nmol/L). Smoking and season (winter and spring) were independent risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. An increasing age, a non-Caucasian skin type, winter and smoking were identified as independent risk factors for severe vitamin D deficiency. The use of vitamin D, alcohol consumption and higher average daily sun exposure were independent protective factors against (severe) vitamin D deficiency.

Conclusion

Given the potential role of vitamin D in fracture healing, clinicians treating adult fracture patients should be aware of the frequent presence of vitamin D deficiency during the winter, especially in smoking and non-Caucasian patients. Research on the effect of vitamin D deficiency or supplementation on fracture healing is needed, before suggesting routine monitoring or supplementation.
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Metadata
Title
Vitamin D deficiency in adult fracture patients: prevalence and risk factors
Authors
E. A. Gorter
P. Krijnen
I. B. Schipper
Publication date
01-06-2016
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery / Issue 3/2016
Print ISSN: 1863-9933
Electronic ISSN: 1863-9941
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-015-0550-8

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