Top

Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie

Published in:

Open Access 01-01-2021 | Original Article

Stainless steel and NiTi torque archwires and apical root resorption

Authors: Prof. Dr. Andrea Wichelhaus, Marc Dulla, Hisham Sabbagh, Uwe Baumert, Thomas Stocker

Published in: Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie | Issue 1/2021

Abstract

Objective

The amount of apical root resorption when using the torque-segmented archwire (TSA) was investigated as well as the extent and direction of the therapeutically indicated apical movement and the treatment duration.

Materials and methods

The degree of apical root resorption in 18 randomly chosen Class II and Class I patients treated with the TSA, as well as in 18 conventionally treated patients were evaluated using pre- and posttreatment panoramic radiographs. The sagittal and vertical apical movements and inclination changes were determined based on pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalograms. Nonparametric tests were applied to test between treatment groups and steps. The Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis, Pearson correlation and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were applied for statistical analysis (p < 0.05).

Results

The incidence of root resorptions was 89–94.4% in low or moderate level. The relative root–crown ratio (rRCR) was not statistically different between the TSA and control groups except tooth 12. The axis of the incisors in the TSA group was significantly improved. The main direction of movement of the apices of the central incisors was retrusion and extrusion. No interdependence between the amount of resorption and the parameters of treatment duration, extent and direction of apical movement were found.

Conclusion

The results of the study showed that the amount of apical root resorption with the TSA is slight to moderate and can be compared to conventional orthodontic treatment. The TSA is hence a suitable method for applying targeted torques to the incisors.

Acar A, Canyurek U, Kocaaga M, Erverdi N (1999) Continuous vs. discontinuous force application and root resorption. Angle Orthod 69:159–163. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(1999)069<0159:cvdfaa>2.3.co;2 (discussion 163–154)PubMed

Apajalahti S, Peltola JS (2007) Apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment—a retrospective study. Eur J Orthod 29:408–412. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjm016CrossRefPubMed

Aras B, Cheng LL, Turk T, Elekdag-Turk S, Jones AS, Darendeliler MA (2012) Physical properties of root cementum: part 23. Effects of 2 or 3 weekly reactivated continuous or intermittent orthodontic forces on root resorption and tooth movement: a microcomputed tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 141:e29–e37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2011.07.018CrossRefPubMed

Aras I, Unal I, Huniler G, Aras A (2018) Root resorption due to orthodontic treatment using self-ligating and conventional brackets : A cone-beam computed tomography study. J Orofac Orthop 79:181–190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-018-0133-5CrossRefPubMed

Bantleon HP, Droschl H (1988) Front torque using a partial arch technic. Fortschr Kieferorthop 49:203–212. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02163378CrossRefPubMed

Bartzela TN, Senn C, Wichelhaus A (2007) Load-deflection characteristics of superelastic nickel-titanium wires. Angle Orthod 77:991–998. https://doi.org/10.2319/101206-423.1CrossRefPubMed

Baumrind S, Korn EL, Boyd RL (1996) Apical root resorption in orthodontically treated adults. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 110:311–320CrossRef

Brauchli LM, Steineck M, Wichelhaus A (2012) Active and passive self-ligation: a myth? Part 1: torque control. Angle Orthod 82:663–669. https://doi.org/10.2319/062011-673.1CrossRefPubMed

Burstone CJ (1966) The mechanics of the segmented arch techniques. Angle Orthod 36:99–120. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(1966)036〈0099:TMOTSA〉2.0.CO;2PubMed

10.

Casa MA, Faltin RM, Faltin K, Sander FG, Arana-Chavez VE (2001) Root resorptions in upper first premolars after application of continuous torque moment. Intra-individual study. J Orofac Orthop 62:285–295CrossRef

11.

Creekmore TD (1979) Dr. Thomas D. Creekmore on torque. J Clin Orthod 13:305–310PubMed

12.

DeShields RW (1969) A study of root resorption in treated Class II, Division I malocclusions. Angle Orthod 39:231–245. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(1969)039〈0231:asorri〉2.0.co;2PubMed

13.

Faltin RM, Arana-Chavez VE, Faltin K, Sander FG, Wichelhaus A (1998) Root resorptions in upper first premolars after application of continuous intrusive forces. Intra-individual study. J Orofac Orthop 59:208–219CrossRef

14.

Feldner JC, Sarkar NK, Sheridan JJ, Lancaster DM (1994) In vitro torque-deformation characteristics of orthodontic polycarbonate brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 106:265–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(94)70046-XCrossRefPubMed

15.

Fritz U, Diedrich P, Wiechmann D (2003) Apical root resorption after lingual orthodontic therapy. J Orofac Orthop 64:434–442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-003-0243-5CrossRefPubMed

16.

Gay G, Ravera S, Castroflorio T, Garino F, Rossini G, Parrini S, Cugliari G, Deregibus A (2017) Root resorption during orthodontic treatment with Invisalign(R): a radiometric study. Prog Orthod 18:12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40510-017-0166-0CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

17.

Goel P, Tandon R, Agrawal KK (2014) A comparative study of different intrusion methods and their effect on maxillary incisors. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 4:186–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobcr.2014.11.007CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

18.

Goldin B (1989) Labial root torque: effect on the maxilla and incisor root apex. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 95:208–219CrossRef

19.

Goldson L, Henrikson CO (1975) Root resorption during Begg treatment; a longitudinal roentgenologic study. Am J Orthod 68:55–66CrossRef

20.

Harris EF, Baker WC (1990) Loss of root length and crestal bone height before and during treatment in adolescent and adult orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 98:463–469CrossRef

21.

Harris EF, Butler ML (1992) Patterns of incisor root resorption before and after orthodontic correction in cases with anterior open bites. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 101:112–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(92)70002-rCrossRefPubMed

22.

Ho KH, Liao YF (2012) Pre-treatment radiographic features predict root resorption of treated impacted maxillary central incisors. Orthod Craniofac Res 15:198–205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-6343.2012.01545.xCrossRefPubMed

23.

Janson GR, De Luca Canto G, Martins DR, Henriques JF, De Freitas MR (2000) A radiographic comparison of apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment with 3 different fixed appliance techniques. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 118:262–273. https://doi.org/10.1067/mod.2000.99136CrossRef

24.

Kaley J, Phillips C (1991) Factors related to root resorption in edgewise practice. Angle Orthod 61:125–132. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(1991)061<0125:frtrri>2.0.co;2PubMed

25.

Kalha AS, Kachiwala VA, Govardhan SN, McLaughlin RP, Khurshaid SZ (2010) Redefining orthodontic space closure: sequential repetitive loading of the periodontal ligament—a clinical study. World J Orthod 11:221–229PubMed

26.

Krieger E, Drechsler T, Schmidtmann I, Jacobs C, Haag S, Wehrbein H (2013) Apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment with aligners? A retrospective radiometric study. Head Face Med 9:21. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-160X-9-21CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

27.

Linge BO, Linge L (1983) Apical root resorption in upper anterior teeth. Eur J Orthod 5:173–183. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/5.3.173CrossRefPubMed

28.

Linge L, Linge BO (1991) Patient characteristics and treatment variables associated with apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 99:35–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0889-5406(05)81678-6CrossRefPubMed

29.

Liou EJ, Chang PM (2010) Apical root resorption in orthodontic patients with en-masse maxillary anterior retraction and intrusion with miniscrews. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 137:207–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.02.027CrossRef

30.

Lundgren D, Owman-Moll P, Kurol J, Martensson B (1996) Accuracy of orthodontic force and tooth movement measurements. Br J Orthod 23:241–248CrossRef

31.

Martins DR, Tibola D, Janson G, Maria FR (2012) Effects of intrusion combined with anterior retraction on apical root resorption. Eur J Orthod 34:170–175. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjq178CrossRefPubMed

32.

Mirabella AD, Artun J (1995) Risk factors for apical root resorption of maxillary anterior teeth in adult orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 108:48–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0889-5406(95)70065-xCrossRef

33.

Motokawa M, Sasamoto T, Kaku M, Kawata T, Matsuda Y, Terao A, Tanne K (2012) Association between root resorption incident to orthodontic treatment and treatment factors. Eur J Orthod 34:350–356. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjr018CrossRefPubMed

34.

Nakano T, Hotokezaka H, Hashimoto M, Sirisoontorn I, Arita K, Kurohama T, Darendeliler MA, Yoshida N (2014) Effects of different types of tooth movement and force magnitudes on the amount of tooth movement and root resorption in rats. Angle Orthod 84:1079–1085. https://doi.org/10.2319/121913-929.1CrossRefPubMed

35.

Noda K, Arai C, Nakamura Y (2010) Root resorption after experimental tooth movement using superelastic forces in the rat. Eur J Orthod 32:681–687. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjq016CrossRefPubMed

36.

Owman-Moll P, Kurol J, Lundgren D (1995) Continuous versus interrupted continuous orthodontic force related to early tooth movement and root resorption. Angle Orthod 65:395–401. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(1995)065〈0395:cvicof〉2.0.co;2 (discussion 401–392)PubMed

37.

Owman-Moll P, Kurol J, Lundgren D (1996) Effects of a doubled orthodontic force magnitude on tooth movement and root resorptions. An inter-individual study in adolescents. Eur J Orthod 18:141–150CrossRef

38.

Owman-Moll P, Kurol J, Lundgren D (1996) The effects of a four-fold increased orthodontic force magnitude on tooth movement and root resorptions. An intra-individual study in adolescents. Eur J Orthod 18:287–294CrossRef

39.

Papageorgiou SN, Sifakakis I, Doulis I, Eliades T, Bourauel C (2016) Torque efficiency of square and rectangular archwires into 0.018 and 0.022 in. conventional brackets. Prog Orthod 17:5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40510-016-0118-0CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

40.

Parker RJ, Harris EF (1998) Directions of orthodontic tooth movements associated with external apical root resorption of the maxillary central incisor. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 114:677–683CrossRef

41.

Phillips JR (1955) Apical root resorption under orthodontic therapy. Angle Orthod 25:1–22. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(1955)025<0001:arruot>2.0.co;2

42.

Plets JH, Isaacson RJ, Speidel TM, Worms FW (1974) Maxillary central incisor root length in orthodontically treated and untreated patients. Angle Orthod 44:43–47. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(1974)044〈0043:mcirli〉2.0.co;2PubMed

43.

Puttaravuttiporn P, Wongsuwanlert M, Charoemratrote C, Leethanakul C (2018) Volumetric evaluation of root resorption on the upper incisors using cone beam computed tomography after 1 year of orthodontic treatment in adult patients with marginal bone loss. Angle Orthod 88:710–718. https://doi.org/10.2319/121717-868.1CrossRefPubMed

44.

Remington DN, Joondeph DR, Artun J, Riedel RA, Chapko MK (1989) Long-term evaluation of root resorption occurring during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 96:43–46CrossRef

45.

Roscoe MG, Meira JB, Cattaneo PM (2015) Association of orthodontic force system and root resorption: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 147:610–626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2014.12.026CrossRefPubMed

46.

Sameshima GT, Sinclair PM (2001) Predicting and preventing root resorption: Part I. Diagnostic factors. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 119:505–510. https://doi.org/10.1067/mod.2001.113409CrossRef

47.

Sander FG, Wichelhaus A (1995) Clinical experiences with the torque-segmented arch (TSA). Fortschr Kieferorthop 56:194–201. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02168132CrossRefPubMed

48.

Spurrier SW, Hall SH, Joondeph DR, Shapiro PA, Riedel RA (1990) A comparison of apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment in endodontically treated and vital teeth. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 97:130–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(90)70086-rCrossRefPubMed

49.

Taithongchai R, Sookkorn K, Killiany DM (1996) Facial and dentoalveolar structure and the prediction of apical root shortening. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 110:296–302CrossRef

50.

Tieu LD, Saltaji H, Normando D, Flores-Mir C (2014) Radiologically determined orthodontically induced external apical root resorption in incisors after non-surgical orthodontic treatment of class II division 1 malocclusion: a systematic review. Prog Orthod 15:48. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40510-014-0048-7CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

51.

Topkara A, Karaman AI, Kau CH (2012) Apical root resorption caused by orthodontic forces: A brief review and a long-term observation. Eur J Dent 6:445–453CrossRef

52.

Wichelhaus A (1999) Die Entwicklung und klinische Anwendung superelastischer Bögen und Teilbögen in der Kieferorthopädie. Quintessenz, Berlin

53.

Wichelhaus A (2017) A new elastic slot system and V‑wire mechanics. Angle Orthod 87:774–781. https://doi.org/10.2319/121516-899CrossRefPubMed

54.

Wichelhaus A, Brauchli L, Ball J, Mertmann M (2010) Mechanical behavior and clinical application of nickel-titanium closed-coil springs under different stress levels and mechanical loading cycles. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 137:671–678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.06.029CrossRefPubMed

55.

Wichelhaus A, Sander FG (1995) Biomechanical testing of the new torque-segmented arch (TSA). Fortschr Kieferorthop 56:224–235. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02168135CrossRefPubMed

Title: Stainless steel and NiTi torque archwires and apical root resorption
Authors: Prof. Dr. Andrea Wichelhaus
Marc Dulla
Hisham Sabbagh
Uwe Baumert
Thomas Stocker
Publication date: 01-01-2021
Publisher: Springer Medizin
Published in: Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie / Issue 1/2021
Print ISSN: 1434-5293
Electronic ISSN: 1615-6714
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-020-00244-4

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Stainless steel and NiTi torque archwires and apical root resorption

Abstract

Objective

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusion

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Objective

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusion

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2021

Comparative evaluation of periodontal effects and survival rates of Memotain and five-stranded bonded retainers

Impact of household vinegar on calculus removal and mechanical properties of orthodontic resin

Evaluation of effectiveness and stability of aligner treatments using the Peer Assessment Rating Index

Correction: Effects of isotretinoin on new bone formation after maxillary sutural expansion

Clinical outcomes of lingual fully customized vs labial straight wire systems

Mitteilungen der DGKFO