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Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie
Published in: Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie 2/2017

01-03-2017 | Original Article

Nonsyndromic oligodontia

Does the Tooth Agenesis Code (TAC) enable prediction of the causative mutation?

Authors: Niko C. Bock, Sarah Lenz, Gisela Ruiz-Heiland, Sabine Ruf

Published in: Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie | Issue 2/2017

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Abstract

Objectives

The literature suggests an association between phenotype and causative mutation in nonsyndromic oligodontia. Thus, the present study was designed to verify this hypothesis in a consecutive cohort of patients.

Methods

All patients with nonsyndromic oligodontia who had been treated at the study center (Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen, Germany) over the period 1986–2013 were contacted. Candidates were included only if at least one more family member had hypo- or oligodontia (i.e., without regard to the number of congenitally missing teeth). A total of 20 patients were included. After evaluating the dental status of each participant, the Tooth Agenesis Code (TAC) was applied. On this basis, a tentative diagnosis was made to predict which gene (MSX1, AXIN2, EDA, or PAX9) was likely to show mutation. Afterwards this hypothesis was confirmed or rejected by analyzing a saliva sample for mutation of the predicted gene. If confirmed, any available family members were also genetically analyzed.

Results

Based on their TAC scores and sums, gene mutations were predicted for MXS1 in 11, AXIN2 in 3, EDA in 6, and PAX9 in none of the patients. The evaluation of MSX1 yielded variants in 4 of 11 cases, all of which were classified as nonpathogenic since they were not considered as functional mutations. The evaluation of EDA yielded a pathogenic exon-7 mutation in 2 of 6 patients, both being brothers with different TAC scores; the same mutation, which represents a novel missense mutation, was also found in other members of the same family. The evaluation of AXIN2 yielded variants in 3 of 3 cases, all of which were classified as nonpathogenic.

Conclusions

Our findings obtained in consecutive patients with nonsyndromic oligodontia did not reveal any clinically relevant associations between oligodontia phenotype (based on TAC) and causative mutations for nonsyndromic oligodontia.
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Metadata
Title
Nonsyndromic oligodontia
Does the Tooth Agenesis Code (TAC) enable prediction of the causative mutation?
Authors
Niko C. Bock
Sarah Lenz
Gisela Ruiz-Heiland
Sabine Ruf
Publication date
01-03-2017
Publisher
Springer Medizin
Published in
Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie / Issue 2/2017
Print ISSN: 1434-5293
Electronic ISSN: 1615-6714
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-016-0056-y

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