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01-04-2017 | Original Article

Thyroid function and cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease patients

Authors: Baris Afsar, Mahmut Ilker Yilmaz, Dimitrie Siriopol, Hilmi Umut Unal, Mutlu Saglam, Murat Karaman, Mustafa Gezer, Alper Sonmez, Tayfun Eyileten, Ibrahim Aydin, Salih Hamcan, Yusuf Oguz, Adrian Covic, Mehmet Kanbay

Published in: Journal of Nephrology | Issue 2/2017

Abstract

Background and aims

Abnormalities of thyroid function are commonly seen in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. They are associated with adverse clinical conditions such as atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and abnormal blood pressure variability. We investigated the association between thyroid disorders and endothelial function, assessed by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and cardiovascular events (CVE) in CKD patients.

Materials and methods

This observational cohort study included 305 CKD (stages 1–5) patients. Routine biochemistry, including free T3, free T4 and thyroid stimulating hormone, fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) and FMD, CIMT were measured. We divided patients into four groups according to thyroid hormone status: euthyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, and euthyroid sick syndrome. Fatal and composite CVE were recorded for a median 29 months.

Results

Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism had a higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes and also were more likely to have higher values of systolic CIMT, phosphorus, intact parathormone (iPTH), FGF-23, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance and lower levels of FMD than euthyroid patients. In the unadjusted survival analysis, subclinical hypothyroidism and euthyroid sick syndrome were associated with an increased risk for the outcome as compared with euthyroidism [hazard ratio 30.63 (95 % confidence interval 12.27–76.48) and 12.17 (3.70–39.98), respectively]. The effects of subclinical hypothyroidism and euthyroid sick syndrome were maintained even in fully adjusted models.

Conclusion

We demonstrated that subclinical hypothyroidism and euthyroid sick syndrome are associated with increased CVE in CKD patients. Further studies are needed to explore these issues.

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Title: Thyroid function and cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Baris Afsar
Mahmut Ilker Yilmaz
Dimitrie Siriopol
Hilmi Umut Unal
Mutlu Saglam
Murat Karaman
Mustafa Gezer
Alper Sonmez
Tayfun Eyileten
Ibrahim Aydin
Salih Hamcan
Yusuf Oguz
Adrian Covic
Mehmet Kanbay
Publication date: 01-04-2017
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Published in: Journal of Nephrology / Issue 2/2017
Print ISSN: 1121-8428
Electronic ISSN: 1724-6059
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-016-0300-y

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