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28-03-2023 | Review Article

Safety and Tolerability of Antimicrobial Agents in the Older Patient

Authors: Luca Soraci, Antonio Cherubini, Luca Paoletti, Gianfranco Filippelli, Filippo Luciani, Pasqualina Laganà, Maria Elsa Gambuzza, Elvira Filicetti, Andrea Corsonello, Fabrizia Lattanzio

Published in: Drugs & Aging | Issue 6/2023

Abstract

Older patients are at high risk of infections, which often present atypically and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Antimicrobial treatment in older individuals with infectious diseases represents a clinical challenge, causing an increasing burden on worldwide healthcare systems; immunosenescence and the coexistence of multiple comorbidities determine complex polypharmacy regimens with an increase in drug–drug interactions and spread of multidrug-resistance infections. Aging-induced pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes can additionally increase the risk of inappropriate drug dosing, with underexposure that is associated with antimicrobial resistance and overexposure that may lead to adverse effects and poor adherence because of low tolerability. These issues need to be considered when starting antimicrobial prescriptions. National and international efforts have been made towards the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions to help clinicians improve the appropriateness and safety of antimicrobial prescriptions in both acute and long-term care settings. AMS programs were shown to decrease consumption of antimicrobials and to improve safety in hospitalized patients and older nursing home residents. With the abundance of antimicrobial prescriptions and the recent emergence of multidrug resistant pathogens, an in-depth review of antimicrobial prescriptions in geriatric clinical practice is needed. This review will discuss the special considerations for older individuals needing antimicrobials, including risk factors that shape risk profiles in geriatric populations as well as an evidence-based description of antimicrobial-induced adverse events in this patient population. It will highlight agents of concern for this age group and discuss interventions to mitigate the effects of inappropriate antimicrobial prescribing.

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Title: Safety and Tolerability of Antimicrobial Agents in the Older Patient
Authors: Luca Soraci
Antonio Cherubini
Luca Paoletti
Gianfranco Filippelli
Filippo Luciani
Pasqualina Laganà
Maria Elsa Gambuzza
Elvira Filicetti
Andrea Corsonello
Fabrizia Lattanzio
Publication date: 28-03-2023
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Published in: Drugs & Aging / Issue 6/2023
Print ISSN: 1170-229X
Electronic ISSN: 1179-1969
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-023-01019-3

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