Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ASCO Annual Meeting 2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

2024 ASCO Annual Meeting

Keep up to date with all the top stories and latest evidence with our hub page, including official congress videos and expert takeaways.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Drugs
Published in: Drugs 16/2014

Open Access 01-10-2014 | Review Article

Patient-Centered Pharmaceutical Design to Improve Acceptability of Medicines: Similarities and Differences in Paediatric and Geriatric Populations

Authors: Fang Liu, Sejal Ranmal, Hannah K. Batchelor, Mine Orlu-Gul, Terry B. Ernest, Iwan W. Thomas, Talia Flanagan, Catherine Tuleu

Published in: Drugs | Issue 16/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

Patient acceptability of a medicinal product is a key aspect in the development and prescribing of medicines. Children and older adults differ in many aspects from the other age subsets of population and require particular considerations in medication acceptability. This review highlights the similarities and differences in these two age groups in relation to factors affecting acceptability of medicines. New and conventional formulations of medicines are considered regarding their appropriateness for use in children and older people. Aspects of a formulation that impact acceptability in these patient groups are discussed, including, for example, taste/smell/viscosity of a liquid and size/shape of a tablet. A better understanding of the acceptability of existing formulations highlights opportunities for the development of new and more acceptable medicines and facilitates safe and effective prescribing for the young and older populations.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Kozarewicz P. Regulatory perspectives on acceptability testing of dosage forms in children. Int J Pharm. 2014;469:245–8.PubMed
2.
Paradiso LM, Roughead EE, Gilbert AL, et al. Crushing or altering medications: what’s happening residential aged-care facilities? Australas J Ageing. 2002;21:123–1270.
3.
Cuzzolin L, Atzei A, Fanos V. Off-label and unlicensed prescribing for newborns and children in different settings: a review of the literature and a consideration about drug safety. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2006;5:703–18.PubMed
4.
Richey RH, Shah UU, Peak M, et al. Manipulation of drugs to achieve the required dose is intrinsic to paediatric practice but is not supported by guidelines or evidence. BMC Pediatr. 2013;13:81.PubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Standing JF, Tuleu C. Paediatric formulations—getting to the heart of the problem. Int J Pharm. 2005;300:56–66.PubMed
6.
Wright D. Medication administration in nursing homes. Nurs Stand. 2002;16:33–8.PubMed
7.
8.
9.
Hajjar ER, Cafiero AC, Hanlon JT. Polypharmacy in elderly patients. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2007;5:345–51.PubMed
10.
Claxton AJ, Cramer J, Pierce C. A systematic review of the associations between dose regimens and medication compliance. Clin Ther. 2001;23:1296–310.PubMed
11.
Salzman C. Medication compliance in the elderly. J Clin Psychiatry. 1995;56(Suppl 1):18–22 (discussion 23).PubMed
12.
Bernabei R, Rossini PM, Di Cioccio L, et al. Compliance and caregiver satisfaction in Alzheimer’s disease: results from the AXEPT Study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2012;2:418–32.PubMedPubMedCentral
13.
Cloyd JC, Kriel RL, Jones-Saete CM, et al. Comparison of sprinkle versus syrup formulations of valproate for bioavailability, tolerance, and preference. J Pediatr. 1992;120:634–8.PubMed
14.
Motte J, Pedespan JM, Sevestre M, et al. Acceptability and tolerance of sodium valproate, a new sustained-action granule formulation, in monotherapy for epileptic children from 3 years old [in French]. Arch Pediatr. 2005;12:1533–9.PubMed
15.
Sevilla C, Jimenez Caballero PE, Alfonso V, et al. Current treatments of Alzheimer disease: are main caregivers satisfied with the drug treatments received by their patients? Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2009;28:196–205.PubMed
16.
Jefferds MED, Ogange L, Owuor M, et al. Formative research exploring acceptability, utilization, and promotion in order to develop a micronutrient powder (Sprinkles) intervention among Luo families in western Kenya. Food Nutr Bull. 2010;31:S179–85.PubMed
17.
18.
Stegemann S, Gosch M, Breitkreutz J. Swallowing dysfunction and dysphagia is an unrecognized challenge for oral drug therapy. Int J Pharm. 2012;430:197–206.PubMed
19.
Kramer SS, Eicher PM. The evaluation of pediatric feeding abnormalities. Dysphagia. 1993;8:215–24.PubMed
20.
Foy TM, Czyzewski DI. Feeding difficulties. In: Duggan CW, Watkins JB, Walker WA, editors. Nutrition in pediatrics: basic science, clinical applications. Hamilton: BC Decker; 2008.
21.
Lefton-Greif MA, Arvedson JC. Pediatric feeding and swallowing disorders: State of health, population trends, and application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. Semin Speech Lang. 2007;28:161–5.PubMed
22.
Prasse JE, Kikano GE. An overview of pediatric dysphagia. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2009;48:247–51.
23.
Kakodkar K, Schroeder JW. Pediatric dysphagia. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2013;60:969–77.PubMed
24.
Arvedson JC. Assessment of pediatric dysphagia and feeding disorders: clinical and instrumental approaches. Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2008;14:118–27.PubMed
25.
Khan A, Carmona R, Traube M. Dysphagia in the elderly. Clin Geriatr Med. 2014;30:43–53.PubMed
26.
Kelly J, Wright D. Administering medication to adult patients with dysphagia. Nurs Stand. 2009;23:62–8.PubMed
27.
Steele CM, Greenwood C, Ens I, et al. Mealtime difficulties in a home for the aged: not just dysphagia. Dysphagia. 1997;12:45–50.
28.
Easterling C, Robbins E. Dementia and dysphagia. Geriatr Nurs. 2008;29:275–85.PubMed
29.
Crary MA, Humphrey JL, Carnaby-Mann G, et al. Dysphagia, nutrition, and hydration in ischemic stroke patients at admission and discharge from acute care. Dysphagia. 2013;28:69–76.PubMed
30.
Gordon C, Hewer RL, Wade DT. Dysphagia in acute stroke. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1987;295:411–4.
31.
Eggenberger SK, Nelms TP. Artificial hydration and nutrition in advanced Alzheimer’s disease: facilitating family decision-making. J Clin Nurs. 2004;13:661–7.PubMed
32.
33.
Yeung VW, Wong ICK. When do children convert from liquid antiretroviral to solid formulations? Pharm World Sci. 2005;27:399–402.PubMed
34.
Nahirya-Ntege P, Cook A, Vhembo T, et al. Young HIV-infected children and their adult caregivers prefer tablets to syrup antiretroviral medications in Africa. PLoS One. 2012;7:e36186.PubMedPubMedCentral
35.
Babbitt RL, Parrish JM, Brierley PE, et al. Teaching developmentally disabled children with chronic illness to swallow prescribed capsules. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1991;12:229–35.PubMed
36.
Beck MH, Cataldo M, Slifer KJ, et al. Teaching children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autistic disorder (AD) how to swallow pills. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2005;44:515–26.
37.
Czyzewski D, Runyan D, Lopez M, et al. Teaching and maintaining pill swallowing in HIV-infected children. AIDS Read. 2000;10:88–94.
38.
Garvie PA, Lensing S, Rai SN. Efficacy of a pill-swallowing training intervention to improve antiretroviral medication adherence in pediatric patients with HIV/AIDS. Pediatrics. 2007;119:E893–9.PubMed
39.
Ghuman JK, Cataldo MD, Beck MH, et al. Behavioral training for pill-swallowing difficulties in young children with autistic disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2004;14:601–11.PubMed
40.
Kaplan BJ, Steiger RA, Pope J, et al. Successful treatment of pill-swallowing difficulties with head posture practice. Paediatr Child Health. 2010;15:e1–5.PubMedPubMedCentral
41.
Meltzer EO, Welch MJ, Ostrom NK. Pill swallowing ability and training in children 6 to 11 years of age. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2006;45:725–33.
42.
Steffensen GK, Pachai A, Pedersen SE. Peroral drug administration to children—are there any problems? Ugeskr Laeger. 1998;160:2249–52.PubMed
43.
Hansen DL, Tulinius D, Hansen EH. Adolescents’ struggles with swallowing tablets: barriers, strategies and learning. Pharm World Sci. 2008;30:65–9.PubMed
44.
Polaha J, Dalton WT III, Lancaster BM. Parental report of medication acceptance among youth: implications for everyday practice. South Med J. 2008;101:1106–12.PubMed
45.
Hommel KA, Baldassano RN. Brief report: barriers to treatment adherence in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Psychol. 2010;35:1005–10.PubMed
46.
Modi AC, Quittner AL. Barriers to treatment adherence for children with cystic fibrosis and asthma: what gets in the way? J Pediatr Psychol. 2006;31:846–58.PubMed
47.
Modi AC, Zeller MH, Xanthakos SA, et al. Adherence to vitamin supplementation following adolescent bariatric surgery. Obesity. 2013;21:E190–5.PubMed
48.
Schirm E, Tobi H, de Vries TW, et al. Lack of appropriate formulations of medicines for children in the community. Acta Paediatr. 2003;92:1486–9.PubMed
49.
Tissen C, Woertz K, Breitkreutz J, et al. Development of mini-tablets with 1 mm and 2 mm diameter. Int J Pharm. 2011;416:164–70.PubMed
50.
Kokki H, Nikanne E, Ahonen R. The feasibility of pain treatment at home after adenoidectomy with ketoprofen tablets in small children. Paediatr Anaesth. 2000;10:531–5.PubMed
51.
Kreeftmeijer-Vegter AR, de Meijer M, Wegman KA, et al. Development and evaluation of age-appropriate film-coated tablets of levamisole for paediatric use (2–18 years). Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2013;10:293–300.PubMed
52.
Thomson SA, Tuleu C, Wong ICK, et al. Minitablets: new modality to deliver medicines to preschool-aged children. Pediatrics. 2009;123:E235–8.PubMed
53.
Klingmann V, Spomer N, Lerch C, et al. Favorable acceptance of mini-tablets compared with syrup: a randomized controlled trial in infants and preschool children. J Pediatr. 2013;163:1728–32.PubMed
54.
Van de Vijver E, Desager K, Mulberg AE, et al. Treatment of infants and toddlers with cystic fibrosis-related pancreatic insufficiency and fat malabsorption with pancrelipase MT. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011;53:61–4.PubMed
55.
van Riet-Nales DA, de Neef BJ, Schobben AFAM, et al. Acceptability of different oral formulations in infants and preschool children. Arch Dis Child. 2013;98:725–31.PubMedPubMedCentral
56.
Strachan I, Greener M. Medication-related swallowing difficulties may be more common than we realise. Pharm Pract. 2005;15:411–4.
57.
Schiele JT, Quinzler R, Klimm HD, et al. Difficulties swallowing solid oral dosage forms in a general practice population: prevalence, causes, and relationship to dosage forms. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2013;69:937–48.PubMed
58.
Marquis J, Schneider MP, Payot V, et al. Swallowing difficulties with oral drugs among polypharmacy patients attending community pharmacies. Int J Clin Pharm. 2013;35:1130–6.PubMed
59.
Hind JA, Nicosia MA, Roecker EB, et al. Comparison of effortful and noneffortful swallows in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;82:1661–5.PubMed
60.
Nagaya M, Kachi T, Yamada T. Effect of swallowing training on swallowing disorders in Parkinson’s disease. Scand J Rehabil Med. 2000;32:11–5.PubMed
61.
Kelly J, D’Cruz G, Wright D. Patients with dysphagia: experiences of taking medication. J Adv Nurs. 2010;66:82–91.PubMed
62.
Kikendall JW. Pill-induced esophageal injury. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1991;20:835–46.PubMed
63.
Delwiche J. The impact of perceptual interactions on perceived flavor. Food Qual Prefer. 2004;15:137–46.
64.
Srivastava RK, More AT. Some aesthetic considerations for over the‐counter (OTC) pharmaceutical products. Int J Biotechnol. 2010;11:267–83.
65.
Kesselheim AS, Misono AS, Shrank WH, et al. Variations in pill appearance of antiepileptic drugs and the risk of nonadherence. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173:202–8.PubMed
66.
Craen AJ, Roos PJ, Vries AL, et al. Effect of colour of drugs: systematic review of perceived effect of drugs and of their effectiveness. BMJ. 1996;313:1624–6.PubMedPubMedCentral
67.
Smith CJ, Sammons HM, Fakis A, et al. A prospective study to assess the palatability of analgesic medicines in children. J Adv Nurs. 2013;69:655–63.PubMed
68.
Overgaard AB, Hojsted J, Hansen R, et al. Patients’ evaluation of shape, size and colour of solid dosage forms. Pharm World Sci. 2001;23:185–8.PubMed
69.
Hey H, Jorgensen F, Sorensen K, et al. Oesophageal transit of six commonly used tablets and capsules. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982;285:1717–9.
70.
Suiter DM, Leder SB. Clinical utility of the 3-ounce water swallow test. Dysphagia. 2008;23:244–50.PubMed
71.
Uloza V, Uloziene I, Gradauskiene E. A randomized cross-over study to evaluate the swallow-enhancing and taste-masking properties of a novel coating for oral tablets. Pharm World Sci. 2010;32:420–3.PubMed
72.
Diamond S, Lavallee DC. Experience with a pill-swallowing enhancement aid. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2010;49:391–3.
73.
Yamamoto S, Taniguchi H, Hayashi H, et al. How do tablet properties influence swallowing behaviours? J Pharm Pharmacol. 2013;66:32–9.PubMed
74.
Channer KS, Virjee JP. The effect of formulation on oesophageal transit. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1985;37:126–9.PubMed
75.
Channer KS, Virjee JP. The effect of size and shape of tablets on their esophageal transit. J Clin Pharmacol. 1986;26:141–6.PubMed
76.
Robertson CS, Hardy JG. Oesophageal transit of small tablets. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1988;40:595–6.PubMed
77.
Perkins AC, Wilson CG, Blackshaw PE, et al. Impaired oesophageal transit of capsule versus tablet formulations in the elderly. Gut. 1994;35:1363–7.PubMedPubMedCentral
78.
Perkins AC, Wilson CG, Frier M, et al. Esophageal transit of risedronate cellulose-coated tablet and gelatin capsule formulations. Int J Pharm. 1999;186:169–75.PubMed
79.
Evans KT, Roberts GM. The ability of patients to swallow capsules. J Clin Hosp Pharm. 1981;6:207–8.PubMed
80.
Channer KS, Virjee J. Effect of posture and drink volume on the swallowing of capsules. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982;285:1702.
81.
Osmanoglou E, Van Der Voort IR, Fach K, et al. Oesophageal transport of solid dosage forms depends on body position, swallowing volume and pharyngeal propulsion velocity. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2004;16:547–56.PubMed
82.
Bailey RT Jr, Bonavina L, McChesney L, et al. Factors influencing the transit of a gelatin capsule in the esophagus. Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1987;21:282–5.PubMed
83.
Butler SG, Stuart A, Leng X, et al. Factors influencing aspiration during swallowing in healthy older adults. Laryngoscope. 2010;120:2147–52.PubMedPubMedCentral
84.
Lundy DS, Smith C, Colangelo L, et al. Aspiration: cause and implications. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1999;120:474–8.PubMed
85.
Chee C, Arshad S, Singh S, et al. The influence of chemical gustatory stimuli and oral anaesthesia on healthy human pharyngeal swallowing. Chem Senses. 2005;30:393–400.PubMed
86.
Ding R, Logemann JA, Larson CR, et al. The effects of taste and consistency on swallow physiology in younger and older healthy individuals: a surface electromyographic study. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2003;46:977–89.PubMed
87.
Logemann JA, Pauloski BR, Colangelo L, et al. Effects of a sour bolus on oropharyngeal swallowing measures in patients with neurogenic dysphagia. J Speech Hear Res. 1995;38:556–63.PubMed
88.
Miura Y, Morita Y, Koizumi H, et al. Effects of taste solutions, carbonation, and cold stimulus on the power frequency content of swallowing submental surface electromyography. Chem Senses. 2009;34:325–31.PubMed
89.
Pelletier CA, Dhanaraj GE. The effect of taste and palatability on lingual swallowing pressure. Dysphagia. 2006;21:121–8.PubMed
90.
Alves LM, Secaf M, Dantas RO. Effect of a bitter bolus on oral, pharyngeal and esophageal transit of healthy subjects. Arq Gastroenterol. 2013;50:31–4.PubMed
91.
Pelletier CA, Lawless HT. Effect of citric acid and citric acid–sucrose mixtures on swallowing in neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia. Dysphagia. 2003;18:231–41.PubMed
92.
Cola PC, Gatto AR, Silva RG, et al. The influence of sour taste and cold temperature in pharyngeal transit duration in patients with stroke. Arq Gastroenterol. 2010;47:18–21.PubMed
93.
Michou E, Mastan A, Ahmed S, et al. Examining the role of carbonation and temperature on water swallowing performance: a swallowing reaction-time study. Chem Senses. 2012;37:799–807.PubMed
94.
Sdravou K, Walshe M, Dagdilelis L. Effects of carbonated liquids on oropharyngeal swallowing measures in people with neurogenic dysphagia. Dysphagia. 2012;27:240–50.PubMed
95.
Mitchell JC, Counselman FL. A taste comparison of three different liquid steroid preparations: prednisone, prednisolone, and dexamethasone. Acad Emerg Med. 2003;10:400–3.PubMed
96.
Gee SC, Hagemann TM. Palatability of liquid anti-infectives: clinician and student perceptions and practice outcomes. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2007;12:216–23.PubMedPubMedCentral
97.
Dantas RO, Kern MK, Massey BT, et al. Effect of swallowed bolus variables on oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing. Am J Physiol. 1990;258:G675–81.PubMed
98.
Reimers-Neils L, Logemann J, Larson C. Viscosity effects on EMG activity in normal swallow. Dysphagia. 1994;9:101–6.PubMed
99.
Steele CM, Van Lieshout PH. Influence of bolus consistency on lingual behaviors in sequential swallowing. Dysphagia. 2004;19:192–206.PubMed
100.
Troche MS, Sapienza CM, Rosenbek JC. Effects of bolus consistency on timing and safety of swallow in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Dysphagia. 2008;23:26–32.PubMed
101.
Logemann JA, Gensler G, Robbins J, et al. A randomized study of three interventions for aspiration of thin liquids in patients with dementia or Parkinson’s disease. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2008;51:173–83.PubMedPubMedCentral
102.
Bisch EM, Logemann JA, Rademaker AW, et al. Pharyngeal effects of bolus volume, viscosity, and temperature in patients with dysphagia resulting from neurologic impairment and in normal subjects. J Speech Hear Res. 1994;37:1041–59.PubMed
103.
Rasley A, Logemann JA, Kahrilas PJ, et al. Prevention of barium aspiration during videofluoroscopic swallowing studies: value of change in posture. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1993;160:1005–9.PubMed
104.
Logemann JA, Rademaker AW, Pauloski BR, et al. Effects of postural change on aspiration in head and neck surgical patients. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1994;110:222–7.PubMed
105.
Solazzo A, Monaco L, Del Vecchio L, et al. Investigation of compensatory postures with videofluoromanometry in dysphagia patients. World J Gastroenterol. 2012;18:2973–8.PubMedPubMedCentral
106.
Terre R, Mearin F. Effectiveness of chin-down posture to prevent tracheal aspiration in dysphagia secondary to acquired brain injury. A videofluoroscopy study. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2012;24(414–9):e206.
107.
Ohmae Y, Ogura M, Kitahara S, et al. Effects of head rotation on pharyngeal function during normal swallow. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1998;107:344–8.PubMed
108.
Cohen R, Rocque F, Lécuyer A, et al. Study of the acceptability of antibiotic syrups, suspensions, and oral solutions prescribed to pediatric outpatients. Eur J Pediatr. 2009;168:851–7.PubMed
109.
Ernest TB, Elder DP, Martini LG, et al. Developing paediatric medicines: identifying the needs and recognizing the challenges. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2007;59:1043–55.PubMed
110.
111.
112.
Bartoshuk LM. Taste. Robust across the age span? Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1989;561:65–75.PubMed
113.
Shabir Q, Skaria C, Brien H, et al. Taste and mouthfeel assessment of porous and non-porous silicon microparticles. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2012;7:1–6.
114.
Coster ST, Schwarz WH. Rheology and the swallow-safe bolus. Dysphagia. 1987;1:113–8.
115.
Leonard RJ, White C, McKenzie S, et al. Effects of bolus rheology on aspiration in patients with dysphagia. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2014;114(4):590–4.PubMed
116.
Morecroft CW, Caldwell NA, Gill A. Prescribing liquid medication: can the dose be accurately given? Arch Dis Child. 2013;98:831–2.PubMed
117.
Jones DV, Work CE. Volume of a swallow. Am J Dis Child. 1961;102:427.PubMed
118.
Adnerhill I, Ekberg O, Groher ME. Determining normal bolus size for thin liquids. Dysphagia. 1989;4:1–3.PubMed
119.
Daniels SK, Corey DM, Hadskey LD, et al. Mechanism of sequential swallowing during straw drinking in healthy young and older adults. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2004;47:33–45.PubMed
120.
Balou M, McCullough GH, Aduli F, et al. Manometric measures of head rotation and chin tuck in healthy participants. Dysphagia. 2014;29(1):25–32.PubMed
121.
Sakuma T, Kida I. Relationship between ease of swallowing and deglutition-related muscle activity in various postures. J Oral Rehabil. 2010;37:583–9.PubMed
122.
Ekberg O. Posture of the head and pharyngeal swallowing. Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh). 1986;27:691–6.
123.
Shanahan TK, Logemann JA, Rademaker AW, et al. Chin-down posture effect on aspiration in dysphagic patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1993;74:736–9.PubMed
124.
Welch MV, Logemann JA, Rademaker AW, et al. Changes in pharyngeal dimensions effected by chin tuck. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1993;74:178–81.PubMed
125.
Logemann JA, Kahrilas PJ, Kobara M, et al. The benefit of head rotation on pharyngoesophageal dysphagia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1989;70:767–71.PubMed
126.
Motte J, Pedespan JM, Sevestre M, et al. Acceptability and tolerance of sodium valproate, a new sustained-action granule formulation, in monotherapy for epileptic children from 3 years old. Arch Pediatr. 2005;12:1533–9.PubMed
127.
Zlotkin S, Arthur P, Antwi KY, et al. Treatment of anemia with microencapsulated ferrous fumarate plus ascorbic acid supplied as sprinkles to complementary (weaning) foods. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;74:791–5.PubMed
128.
Zlotkin S, Antwi KY, Schauer C, et al. Use of microencapsulated iron(II) fumarate sprinkles to prevent recurrence of anaemia in infants and young children at high risk. Bull World Health Organ. 2003;81:108–15.PubMedPubMedCentral
129.
Hirve S, Bhave S, Bavdekar A, et al. Low dose ‘sprinkles’—an innovative approach to treat iron deficiency anemia in infants and young children. Indian Pediatr. 2007;44:91–100.PubMed
130.
Adu-Afarwuah S, Lartey A, Brown KH, et al. Home fortification of complementary foods with micronutrient supplements is well accepted and has positive effects on infant iron status in Ghana. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87:929–38.PubMed
131.
Geltman PL, Hironaka LK, Mehta SD, et al. Iron supplementation of low-income infants: a randomized clinical trial of adherence with ferrous fumarate sprinkles versus ferrous sulfate drops. J Pediatr. 2009;154:738–43.PubMed
132.
den Uyl D, Geusens PP, van Berkum FN, et al. Patient preference and acceptability of calcium plus vitamin D3 supplementation: a randomised, open, cross-over trial. Clin Rheumatol. 2010;29:465–72.
133.
MacDonald A, Lilburn M, Davies P, et al. ‘Ready to drink’ protein substitute is easier is for people with phenylketonuria. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2006;29:526–31.PubMed
134.
Nasrin D, Larson CP, Sultana S, et al. Acceptability of and adherence to dispersible zinc tablet in the treatment of acute childhood diarrhoea. J Health Popul Nutr. 2005;23:215–21.PubMed
135.
Winch PJ, Gilroy KE, Doumbia S, et al. Short report: prescription and administration of a 14-day regimen of zinc treatment for childhood diarrhea in Mali. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006;74:880–3.PubMed
136.
Ameen VZ, Pobiner BF, Giguere GC, et al. Ranitidine (Zantac) syrup versus ranitidine effervescent tablets (Zantac) EFFERdose) in children: a single-center taste preference study. Paediatr Drugs. 2006;8:265–70.PubMed
137.
Bayer AJ, Day JJ, Finucane P, et al. Bioavailability and acceptability of a dispersible formulation of levodopa-benserazide in parkinsonian patients with and without dysphagia. J Clin Pharm Ther. 1988;13:191–4.PubMed
138.
Tolia V, Han C, North JD, et al. Taste comparisons for lansoprazole strawberry-flavoured delayed-release orally disintegrating tablet and ranitidine peppermint-flavoured syrup in children. Clin Drug Investig. 2005;25:285–92.PubMed
139.
Cohen IT, Joffe D, Hummer K, et al. Ondansetron oral disintegrating tablets: acceptability and efficacy in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. Anesth Analg. 2005;101:59–63.PubMed
140.
Freedman SB, Adler M, Seshadri R, et al. Oral ondansetron for gastroenteritis in a pediatric emergency department. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:1698–705.PubMed
141.
Danileviciute V, Sveikata A, Adomaitiene V, et al. Efficacy, tolerability, and preference of mirtazapine orally disintegrating tablets in depressed patients: a 17-week naturalistic study in Lithuania. Medicina (Kaunas). 2009;45:778–84.
142.
Wade AG, Crawford GM, Young D. A survey of patient preferences for a placebo orodispersible tablet. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2012;6:201–6.PubMedPubMedCentral
143.
Kinon BJ, Hill AL, Liu H, et al. Olanzapine orally disintegrating tablets in the treatment of acutely ill non-compliant patients with schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2003;6:97–102.PubMed
144.
Nelson JC, Hollander SB, Betzel J, et al. Mirtazapine orally disintegrating tablets in depressed nursing home residents 85 years of age and older. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2006;21:898–901.PubMed
145.
Nausieda PA. A multicenter, open-label, sequential study comparing preferences for carbidopa-levodopa orally disintegrating tablets and conventional tablets in subjects with Parkinson’s disease. Clin Ther. 2005;27:58–63.PubMed
146.
Michele TM, Knorr B, Vadas EB, et al. Safety of chewable tablets for children. J Asthma. 2002;39:391–403.PubMed
147.
Bukstein DA, Bratton DL, Firriolo KM, et al. Evaluation of parental preference for the treatment of asthmatic children aged 6 to 11 years with oral montelukast or inhaled cromolyn: a randomized, open-label, crossover study. J Asthma. 2003;40:475–85.PubMed
148.
Lazarus CL, Logemann JA, Rademaker AW, et al. Effects of bolus volume, viscosity, and repeated swallows in nonstroke subjects and stroke patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1993;74:1066–70.PubMed
149.
Lee KL, Kim WH, Kim EJ, et al. Is swallowing of all mixed consistencies dangerous for penetration-aspiration? Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2012;91:187–92.PubMed
150.
Tsukada T, Taniguchi H, Ootaki S, et al. Effects of food texture and head posture on oropharyngeal swallowing. J Appl Physiol. 1985;2009(106):1848–57.
151.
152.
Gerrard SE, Orlu-Gul M, Tuleu C, et al. Modeling the physiological factors that affect drug delivery from a nipple shield delivery system to breastfeeding infants. J Pharm Sci. 2013;102:3773–83.PubMed
153.
Dessirier JM, Simons CT, Carstens MI, et al. Psychophysical and neurobiological evidence that the oral sensation elicited by carbonated water is of chemogenic origin. Chem Senses. 2000;25:277–84.PubMed
154.
Maguire A, Baqir W, Nunn JH. Are sugars-free medicines more erosive than sugars-containing medicines? An in vitro study of paediatric medicines with prolonged oral clearance used regularly and long-term by children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2007;17:231–8.PubMed
155.
George J, Majeed W, Mackenzie IS, et al. Association between cardiovascular events and sodium-containing effervescent, dispersible, and soluble drugs: nested case–control study. BMJ. 2013;347:f6954.PubMedPubMedCentral
156.
Ubeda A, Llopico J, Sanchez MT. Blood pressure reduction in hypertensive patients after withdrawal of effervescent medication. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2009;18:417–9.PubMed
157.
Carnaby-Mann G, Crary M. Pill swallowing by adults with dysphagia. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;131:970–5.PubMed
158.
Montgomery W, Treuer T, Karagianis J, et al. Orally disintegrating olanzapine review: effectiveness, patient preference, adherence, and other properties. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2012;6:109–25.PubMedPubMedCentral
159.
Gupta A, Chidambaram N, Khan MA. An index for evaluating difficulty of chewing the chewable tablets. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. Epub 2013 Nov 19.
160.
161.
An alternative medicine treatment for Parkinson’s disease: results of a multicenter clinical trial. HP-200 in Parkinson’s Disease Study Group. J Altern Complement Med. 1995;1:249–55.
162.
Baqir W, Maguire A. Consumption of prescribed and over-the-counter medicines with prolonged oral clearance used by the elderly in the Northern Region of England, with special regard to generic prescribing, dose form and sugars content. Public Health. 2000;114:367–73.PubMed
163.
Keith S. Advances in psychotropic formulations. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2006;30:996–1008.PubMed
164.
Muramatsu RS, Litzinger MH, Fisher E, et al. Alternative formulations, delivery methods, and administration options for psychotropic medications in elderly patients with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2010;8:98–114.PubMed
165.
Delaney AL, Rudolph C. Nascent oral phase. In: Shaker R, Belafsky PC, Postma GN, et al., editors. Principles of deglutition. New York: Springer; 2013.
166.
Kida IA, Astrom AN, Strand GV, et al. Chewing problems and dissatisfaction with chewing ability: a survey of older Tanzanians. Eur J Oral Sci. 2007;115:265–74.PubMed
167.
Peltola P, Vehkalahti MM. Chewing ability of the long-term hospitalized elderly. Spec Care Dentist. 2005;25:260–4.PubMed
168.
Yoshioka M, Hinode D, Yokoyama M, et al. Relationship between subjective oral health status and lifestyle in elderly people: a cross-sectional study in Japan. ISRN Dent. 2013;2013:687139.PubMedPubMedCentral
169.
Avlund K, Holm-Pedersen P, Schroll M. Functional ability and oral health among older people: a longitudinal study from age 75 to 80. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001;49:954–62.PubMed
170.
Okabe H, Suzuki E, Sugiura Y, et al. Development of an easily swallowed film formulation. Int J Pharm. 2008;355:62–6.PubMed
171.
Cassolato SF, Turnbull RS. Xerostomia: clinical aspects and treatment. Gerodontology. 2003;20:64–77.PubMed
172.
Imai K. Alendronate sodium hydrate (oral jelly) for the treatment of osteoporosis: review of a novel, easy to swallow formulation. Clin Interv Aging. 2013;8:681–8.PubMedPubMedCentral
173.
Doesch AO, Mueller S, Konstandin M, et al. Increased adherence after switch from twice daily calcineurin inhibitor based treatment to once daily modified released tacrolimus in heart transplantation: a pre-experimental study. Transplant Proc. 2010;42:4238–42.PubMed
174.
Portsmouth SD, Osorio J, McCormick K, et al. Better maintained adherence on switching from twice-daily to once-daily therapy for HIV: a 24-week randomized trial of treatment simplification using stavudine prolonged-release capsules. HIV Med. 2005;6:185–90.PubMed
175.
Schier JG, Howland MA, Hoffman RS, et al. Fatality from administration of labetalol and crushed extended-release nifedipine. Ann Pharmacother. 2003;37:1420–3.PubMed
176.
Vergote GJ, Vervaet C, Van Driessche I, et al. An oral controlled release matrix pellet formulation containing nanocrystalline ketoprofen. Int J Pharm. 2001;219:81–7.PubMed
177.
Yamada T, Onishi H, Machida Y. Sustained release ketoprofen microparticles with ethylcellulose and carboxymethylethylcellulose. J Control Release. 2001;75:271–82.PubMed
178.
Lopes CM, Lobo JM, Pinto JF, et al. Compressed matrix core tablet as a quick/slow dual-component delivery system containing ibuprofen. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2007;8:E76.PubMed
179.
Shimokawa K, Saegusa K, Wada Y, et al. Physicochemical properties and controlled drug release of microcapsules prepared by simple coacervation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2013;104:1–4.PubMed
180.
Abdul S, Chandewar AV, Jaiswal SB. A flexible technology for modified-release drugs: multiple-unit pellet system (MUPS). J Control Release. 2010;147:2–16.PubMed
181.
Wilson JT, Helms R, Pickering BD, et al. Acetaminophen controlled-release sprinkles versus acetaminophen immediate-release elixir in febrile children. J Clin Pharmacol. 2000;40:360–9.PubMed
182.
Pensi T. Fixed dose combination of lamivudine, stavudine and nevirapine in the treatment of pediatric HIV infection: a preliminary report. Indian Pediatr. 2007;44:519–21.PubMed
183.
Kayitare E, Vervaet C, Ntawukulilyayo JD, et al. Development of fixed dose combination tablets containing zidovudine and lamivudine for paediatric applications. Int J Pharm. 2009;370:41–6.PubMed
Metadata
Title
Patient-Centered Pharmaceutical Design to Improve Acceptability of Medicines: Similarities and Differences in Paediatric and Geriatric Populations
Authors
Fang Liu
Sejal Ranmal
Hannah K. Batchelor
Mine Orlu-Gul
Terry B. Ernest
Iwan W. Thomas
Talia Flanagan
Catherine Tuleu
Publication date
01-10-2014
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Drugs / Issue 16/2014
Print ISSN: 0012-6667
Electronic ISSN: 1179-1950
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-014-0297-2

Other articles of this Issue 16/2014

Drugs 16/2014 Go to the issue

Review Article

Current and Emerging Pharmacotherapeutic Options for Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Adis Drug Evaluation

Bevacizumab: A Review of Its Use in Advanced Cancer

Adis Drug Evaluation

Clevidipine: A Review of Its Use for Managing Blood Pressure in Perioperative and Intensive Care Settings

Adis Drug Evaluation

Linagliptin: An Update of Its Use in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Adis Drug Evaluation

Eltrombopag: A Review of Its Use in the Treatment of Thrombocytopenia in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C

Current Opinion

Statins: Do They Have a Potential Role in Cancer Prevention and Modifying Cancer-Related Outcomes?