Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports
Published in: Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports 3/2016

01-09-2016 | Management of HPV and Associated Cervical Lesions (L Denny, Section Editor)

Primary Prevention of HPV through Vaccination: Update on the Current Global Status

Authors: Julia M. L. Brotherton, Patrick L. F. Zuber, Paul J. N. Bloem

Published in: Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports | Issue 3/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

Ten years after the first licencing of a prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, this paper reviews global information on programme coverage, as reported to WHO and from the published and grey literature. As of May 2016, 74 countries report that the HPV vaccine is on the national schedule or reimburse vaccine costs. We also summarise the latest available information on programme implementation, vaccine effectiveness, the nine-valent HPV vaccine and the accumulated safety experience with HPV vaccines.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Brotherton JML, Bloem PN. HPV vaccination: current global status. Curr Obstet Gynecol Reports. 2015;4(4):220–33.CrossRef
2.
Naud PS, Roteli-Martins CM, De Carvalho NS, Teixeira JC, de Borba PC, Sanchez N, et al. Sustained efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of the HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine: final analysis of a long-term follow-up study up to 9.4 years post-vaccination. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2014;10(8):2147–62. doi:10.​4161/​hv.​29532.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
3.
Apter D, Wheeler CM, Paavonen J, Castellsague X, Garland SM, Skinner SR, et al. Efficacy of HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine against cervical infection and precancer in young women: final event-driven analysis of the randomised, double-blind PATRICIA trial. Clin Vaccin Immunol. 2015;22(4):361–73.CrossRef
4.•
Nygård M, Saah A, Munk C, Tryggvadottir L, Enerly E, Hortlund M, et al. Evaluation of the long-term anti-human papillomavirus 6 (HPV6), 11, 16, and 18 immune responses generated by the quadrivalent HPV vaccine. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2015;22:943–8. doi:10.​1128/​CVI.​00133-15. Study that suggests over 9 years of sustained antibodies are induced by the quadrivalent HPV vaccine.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
5.•
Sankaranarayanan R, Prabhu PR, Pawlita M, Gheit T, Bhatla N, Muwonge R, et al. Immunogenicity and HPV infection after one, two, and three doses of quadrivalent HPV vaccine in girls in India: a multicentre prospective cohort study. The Lancet Oncology. 2015;17(1):67–77. First cohort study to suggest a protective effect of one dose of quadrivalent HPV vaccine on HPV infection. Further data from this study are awaited to confirm these initial findings.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Blomberg M, Dehlendorff C, Sand C, Kjaer SK. Dose related differences in effectiveness of human papillomavirus vaccination against genital warts: a nationwide study of 550,000 young girls. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(5):676–82. doi:10.​1093/​cid/​civ364.CrossRefPubMed
7.
8.
Herweijer E, Leval A, Ploner A, Eloranta S, Simard JF, Dillner J, et al. Association of varying number of doses of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine with incidence of condyloma. JAMA. 2014;311(6):597–603.CrossRefPubMed
9.•
Kreimer AR, Struyf F, Del Rosario-Raymundo MR, Hildesheim A, Skinner SR, Wacholder S, et al. Efficacy of fewer than three doses of an HPV-16/18 AS04 adjuvanted vaccine: combined analysis of data from the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial and the PATRICIA Trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16(7):775–86. Analysis suggesting equivalent efficacy to three doses from one or two doses of bivalent HPV vaccine.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.•
Cuschieri K, Kavanagh K, Moore C, Bhatia R, Love J, Pollock KG. Impact of partial bivalent HPV vaccination on vaccine-type infection: a population-based analysis. Br J Cancer advance online publication. 2016. doi:10.​1038/​bjc.​2016.​97. First analysis to document population-based impact of one or two doses of bivalent HPV vaccine on HPV infection.
11.
Reagan-Steiner S, Yankey D, Jeyarajah J, Elam-Evans LD, Singleton JA, Curtis CR, et al. National, regional, state, and selected local area vaccination coverage among adolescents aged 13–17 years—United States, 2014. MMWR. 2015;64(29):784–92.PubMed
12.
Markowitz LE, Liu G, Hariri S, Steinau M, Dunne EF, Unger ER. Prevalence of HPV after introduction of the vaccination program in the United States. Pediatrics Mar. 2016;137(3):1–9. doi:10.​1542/​peds.​2015-1968.CrossRef
13.
14.
15.
Perkins RB, Legler A, Hanchate A. Trends in male and female genital warts among adolescents in a safety-net health care system 2004–2013: correlation with introduction of female and male human papillomavirus vaccination. Sex Transm Dis. 2015;42(12):665–8. doi:10.​1097/​OLQ.​0000000000000369​.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Smith LM, Strumpf EC, Kaufman JS, Lofters A, Schwandt M, Lévesque LE. The early benefits of human papillomavirus vaccination on cervical dysplasia and anogenital warts. Pediatrics. 2015;135(5):e1131–40. doi:10.​1542/​peds.​2014-2961.CrossRefPubMed
17.
18.
19.
Mollers M, King AJ, Knol MJ, Scherpenisse M, Meijer CJ, van der Klis FR, et al. Effectiveness of human papillomavirus vaccine against incident and persistent infections among young girls: results from a longitudinal Dutch cohort study. Vaccine. 2015;33(23):2678–83. doi:10.​1016/​j.​vaccine.​2015.​04.​016.CrossRefPubMed
20.
21.
Herweijer E, Sundström K, Ploner A, Uhnoo I, Sparén P, Arnheim-Dahlström L. Quadrivalent HPV vaccine effectiveness against high-grade cervical lesions by age at vaccination: a population-based study. Int J Cancer. 2016;138:2867–74. doi:10.​1002/​ijc.​30035.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Brotherton JM, Gertig DM, May C, Chappell G, Saville M. HPV vaccine impact in Australian women: ready for an HPV-based screening program. Med J Aust. 2016;204(5):184.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Joura EA, Garland SM, Paavonen J, Ferris DG, Perez G, Ault KA, et al. Effect of the human papillomavirus (HPV) quadrivalent vaccine in a subgroup of women with cervical and vulvar disease: retrospective pooled analysis of trial data. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed). 2012;344:e1401.CrossRef
24.
Hildesheim A, Gonzalez P, Kreimer AR, Wacholder S, Schussler J, Rodriguez AC, et al. Impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18 vaccination on prevalent infections and rates of cervical lesions after excisional treatment. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016. doi:10.​1016/​j.​ajog.​2016.​02.​021.PubMed
25.•
Joura EA, Giuliano AR, Iversen OE, Bouchard C, Mao C, Mehlsen J, et al. A 9-valent HPV vaccine against infection and intraepithelial neoplasia in women. N Eng J Med. 2015;372(8):711–23. RCT analysis of the nine-valent HPV vaccine showing equivalent immunogenicity as quadrivalent vaccine against types 6/11/16/18 and high efficacy against types 31/33/45/52/58.CrossRef
26.
Van Damme P, Olsson SE, Block S, Castellsague X, Gray GE, Herrera T, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of a 9-valent HPV vaccine. Pediatrics. 2015;136(1):e28–39.CrossRefPubMed
27.
28.
Garland SM, Cheung TH, McNeill S, Petersen LK, Romaguera J, Vazquez-Narvaez J, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a 9-valent HPV vaccine in females 12–26 years of age who previously received the quadrivalent HPV vaccine. Vaccine. 2015;33:6855–64.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Macartney KK, Chiu C, Georgousakis M, Brotherton J. Safety of human papillomavirus vaccines: a review. Drug Saf. 2013;36:393–412.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Einstein MH, Baron M, Levin MJ, Chatterjee A, Edwards RP, Zepp F, et al. Comparison of the immunogenicity and safety of Cervarix and Gardasil human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical cancer vaccines in healthy women aged 18–45 years. Human Vaccines. 2009;5(10):705–19.CrossRefPubMed
31.
32.
Brotherton JM, Gold MS, Kemp AS, McIntyre PB, Burgess MA, New South Wales Health HPV Adverse Events Panel, et al. Anaphylaxis following quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccination. CMAJ. 2008;179(6):525–33.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
33.
34.
Gee J, Naleway A, Shui I, Baggs J, Yin R, Li R, et al. Monitoring the safety of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine: findings from the Vaccine Safety Datalink. Vaccine. 2011;29(46):8279–84.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Bohlke K, Davis RL, Marcy SM, Braun MM, DeStefano F, Black SB, et al. Risk of anaphylaxis after vaccination of children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2003;112(4):815–20.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Rothman KJ, Greenland S. Causation and causal inference in epidemiology. Am J Public Health. 2005;95 Suppl 1:S144–50.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety (GACVS); WHO secretariat. Global safety of vaccines: strengthening systems for monitoring, management and the role of GACVS. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2009;8(6):705–16.CrossRef
38.
Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety, 12–13 June 2007. Wkly Epid Rec 2007; 82: 252–9.
39.
Buttery JP, Madin S, Crawford NW, Elia S, La Vincente S, Hanieh S, et al. Mass psychogenic response to human papillomavirus vaccination. Med J Aust. 2008;189(5):261–2.PubMed
40.
Crawford NW, Clothier HJ, Elia S, Lazzaro T, Royle J, Buttery JP. Syncope and seizures following human papillomavirus vaccination: a retrospective case series. Med J Aust. 2011;194(1):16–8.PubMed
41.
Block SL, Brown DR, Chatterjee A, Gold MA, Sings HL, Meibohm A, et al. Clinical trial and post-licensure safety profile of a prophylactic human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) L1 virus-like particle vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2010;29(2):95–101.CrossRef
42.
Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety (GACVS). Report of meeting held 17–18 June 2009. Wkly Epid Rec. 2009;84:325–32.
43.
Sutton I, Lahoria R, Tan I, Clouston P, Barnett M. CNS demyelination and quadrivalent HPV vaccination. Mult Scler. 2009;15(1):116–9.CrossRefPubMed
44.
Richards S, Chalkiadis G, Lakshman R, Buttery JP, Crawford NW. Complex regional pain syndrome following immunisation. Arch Dis Child. 2012;97(10):913–5.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Kinoshita T, Abe RT, Hineno A, Tsunekawa K, Nakane S, Ikeda S. Peripheral sympathetic nerve dysfunction in adolescent Japanese girls following immunization with the human papillomavirus vaccine. Intern Med. 2014;53(19):2185–200.CrossRefPubMed
46.
Brinth LS, Pors K, Theibel AC, Mehlsen J. Orthostatic intolerance and postural tachycardia syndrome as suspected adverse effects of vaccination against human papilloma virus. Vaccine. 2015;33(22):2602–5.CrossRefPubMed
47.
Martínez-Lavín M, Martínez-Martínez LA, Reyes-Loyola P. HPV vaccination syndrome. A questionnaire-based study. Clin Rheumatol. 2015;34(11):1981–3.CrossRefPubMed
48.
Einstein MH, Baron M, Levin MJ, Chatterjee A, Fox B, Scholar S, et al. Comparative immunogenicity and safety of human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 vaccine and HPV-6/11/16/18 vaccine: follow-up from months 12–24 in a phase III randomized study of healthy women aged 18–45 years. Hum Vaccin. 2011;7(12):1343–58.CrossRefPubMed
49.
Slade BA, Leidel L, Vellozzi C, et al. Postlicensure safety surveillance for quadrivalent human papillomavirus recombinant vaccine. JAMA. 2009;302(7):750–7.CrossRefPubMed
50.
Gasparini R, Bonanni P, Levi M, et al. Safety and tolerability of Bivalent HPV vaccine: an Italian post-licensure study. Hum Vaccin. 2011;7(Suppl):136–46.CrossRefPubMed
51.
52.
van Klooster TM, Kemmeren JM, van der Maas NA, de Melker HE. Reported adverse events in girls aged 13–16 years after vaccination with the human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 vaccine in the Netherlands. Vaccine. 2011;29(28):4601–7.CrossRefPubMed
53.
Tomljenovic L, Shaw CA. Do aluminum vaccine adjuvants contribute to the rising prevalence of autism? J Inorg Biochem. 2011;105(11):1489–99.CrossRefPubMed
54.
Tomljenovic L, Shaw CA. Aluminum vaccine adjuvants: are they safe? Curr Med Chem. 2011;18(17):2630–7.CrossRefPubMed
55.•
Scheller NM, Svanström H, Pasternak B, Arnheim-Dahlström L, Sundström K, Fink K, et al. Quadrivalent HPV vaccination and risk of multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. JAMA. 2015;313(1):54–61. Methodologically strong population-based two-country study including 4 million women demonstrating no increase in risk of multiple sclerosis in women vaccinated against HPV.CrossRefPubMed
56.
Chao C, Klein NP, Velicer CM, Sy LS, Slezak JM, Takhar H, et al. Surveillance of autoimmune conditions following routine use of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine. J Intern Med. 2012;271(2):193–203.CrossRefPubMed
57.
Arnheim-Dahlström L, Pasternak B, Svanström H, Sparén P, Hviid A. Autoimmune, neurological, and venous thromboembolic adverse events after immunisation of adolescent girls with quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in Denmark and Sweden: cohort study. BMJ. 2013;347:f5906.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
58.
59.
Siegrist CA, Lewis EM, Eskola J, Evans SJ, Black SB. Human papilloma virus immunization in adolescent and young adults: a cohort study to illustrate what events might be mistaken for adverse reactions. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2007;26(11):979–84.CrossRefPubMed
60.
Markowitz LE, Tsu V, Deeks SL, Cubie H, Wang SA, Vicari AS, et al. Human papillomavirus vaccine introduction—the first five years. Vaccine. 2012;30 Suppl 5:F139–48.CrossRefPubMed
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
Graham DM, Isaranuwatchai W, Habbous S, de Oliveira C, Liu G, Siu LL, et al. A cost-effectiveness analysis of human papillomavirus vaccination of boys for the prevention of oropharyngeal cancer. Cancer. 2015;121(11):1785–92. doi:10.​1002/​cncr.​29111.CrossRefPubMed
69.
70.
Elfström KM, Lazzarato F, Franceschi S, Dillner J, Baussano I. Human papillomavirus vaccination of boys and extended catch-up vaccination: effects on the resilience of programs. J Infect Dis. 2016;213(2):199–205. doi:10.​1093/​infdis/​jiv368.CrossRefPubMed
71.
Paul K. “Saving lives”: adapting and adopting human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination in Austria. Soc Sci Med. 2016;153:193e200.CrossRef
72.
73.
74.
Dorji T, Tshomo U, Phuntsho S, Tamang TD, Tshokey T, Baussano I, et al. Introduction of a national HPV vaccination program into Bhutan. Vaccine. 2015;33(31):3726–30.CrossRefPubMed
75.
Hanley SJ, Yoshioka E, Ito Y, Kishi R. HPV vaccination crisis in Japan. Lancet. 2015;385(9987):2571.CrossRefPubMed
76.
Baussano I, Lazzarato F, Ronco G, Dillner J, Franceschi S. Benefits of catch-up in vaccination against human papillomavirus in medium- and low-income countries. Int J Cancer. 2013;133(8):1876–81. doi:10.​1002/​ijc.​28197.CrossRefPubMed
77.
Rehn M, Uhnoo I, Kühlmann-Berenzon S, Wallensten A, Sparén P, Netterlid E. Vaccine uptake after school-based delivery—a county-level evaluation of the implementation highest strategies for HPV catch-up vaccination in Sweden. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(3):e0149857. doi:10.​1371/​journal.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
Patel H, Wilson E, Vizzotti C, Parston G, Prestt J, Darz A. Argentina’s successful implementation of a national human papillomavirus vaccination program. Health Aff (Millwood). 2016;35(2):301–8. doi:10.​1377/​hlthaff.​2015.​1416.CrossRef
83.
84.
85.
86.
Binagwaho A, Wagner CM, Gatera M, Karema C, Nutt CT, Ngabo F. Achieving high coverage in Rwanda’s national human papillomavirus vaccination programme. Bull WHO. 2012;90(8):623–8.PubMedPubMedCentral
87.•
PATH, LSTHM. HPV vaccine lessons learned. http://​www.​rho.​org/​HPVlessons/​. Accessed 17 April 2016. Comprehensive and easily digestible summary (videos, briefs and slides) of a comprehensive review of HPV vaccine delivery experiences across 37 low- and middle-income countries.
88.
89.
LaMontagne DS, Barge S, Le NT, Mugisha E, Penny ME, Gandhi S, et al. Human papillomavirus vaccine delivery strategies that achieved high coverage in low- and middle-income countries. Bull WHO. 2011;89(11):821–30B.PubMedPubMedCentral
90.
Ladner J, Besson MH, Hampshire R, Tapert L, Chirenje M, Saba J. Assessment of eight HPV vaccination programs implemented in lowest income countries. BMC Pub Health. 2012;12:370.CrossRef
91.
Ladner J, Besson MH, Rodrigues M, Audureau E, Saba J. Performance of 21 HPV vaccination programs implemented in low and middle-income countries, 2009–2013. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:670.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
92.
93.
94.
Fua LY, Bonhomme LA, Cooper SC, Joseph JG, Zimet GD. Educational interventions to increase HPV vaccination acceptance: a systematic review. Vaccine. 2014;32:1901–20.CrossRef
95.
Niccolai LM, Hansen CE. Practice- and community-based interventions to increase human papillomavirus vaccine coverage a systematic review. JAMA Pediatr. 2015;169(7):686–92.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
96.
Baker ML, Figueroa-Downing D, De Oliveira Chiang ED, Villa L, Baggio ML, Eluf-Neto J, et al. Paving pathways: Brazil’s implementation of a national human papillomavirus immunization campaign. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2015;38(2):163–6.PubMed
97.
Raesima MM, Forhan SE, Voetsch AC, Hewitt S, Hariri S, Wang SA, et al. Human papillomavirus vaccination coverage among school girls in a demonstration project—Botswana, 2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64(40):1147–9. doi:10.​15585/​mmwr.​mm6440a5.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Primary Prevention of HPV through Vaccination: Update on the Current Global Status
Authors
Julia M. L. Brotherton
Patrick L. F. Zuber
Paul J. N. Bloem
Publication date
01-09-2016
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports / Issue 3/2016
Electronic ISSN: 2161-3303
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13669-016-0165-z

Other articles of this Issue 3/2016

Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports 3/2016 Go to the issue

High-risk Gestation and Prenatal Medicine (E Norwitz, Section Editor)

Making Sense Out of the Controversy: Use of SSRIs in Pregnancy

High-risk Gestation and Prenatal Medicine (E Norwitz, Section Editor)

Management of Acute Postpartum Hemorrhage in Senegal

Management of HPV and Associated Cervical Lesions (L Denny, Section Editor)

Host Immune Responses Associated with Clearance or Persistence of Human Papillomavirus Infections

High-risk Gestation and Prenatal Medicine (E. Norwitz, Section Editor)

The Zika Virus and Pregnancy

Management of HPV and Associated Cervical Lesions (L Denny, Section Editor)

Epidemiology and Burden of Disease Associated with HPV Infection

Management of HPV and Associated Cervical Lesions (L Denny, Section Editor)

Management of Women with Field Effect of Anogenital Human Papillomavirus Infection