Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Tumor Biology 5/2016

01-05-2016 | Review

ANRIL: a pivotal tumor suppressor long non-coding RNA in human cancers

Authors: Zheng Li, Xin Yu, Jianxiong Shen

Published in: Tumor Biology | Issue 5/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a family of non-protein-coding RNAs with length more than 200 nucleotides. LncRNAs played important roles in many biological processes such as cell development, proliferation, invasion and migration. Deregulation of LncRNAs was found in multiple tumors where they can act as a tumor suppressor gene or oncogene. LncRNA ANRIL was identified as an oncogene involved in a number of tumors such as gastric cancer, lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Inhibition of ANRIL suppressed the cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Increasing data has showed that ANRIL may act as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for some tumors. In our review, we summarize an overview of current knowledge concerning the expression and role of ANRIL in various cancers.
Literature
2.
go back to reference Wan X, Ding X, Chen S, Song H, Jiang H, Fang Y, et al. The functional sites of miRNAs and lncRNAs in gastric carcinogenesis. Tumour Biol. 2015;36:521–32.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Wan X, Ding X, Chen S, Song H, Jiang H, Fang Y, et al. The functional sites of miRNAs and lncRNAs in gastric carcinogenesis. Tumour Biol. 2015;36:521–32.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
4.
go back to reference Li CH, Chen Y. Targeting long non-coding RNAs in cancers: progress and prospects. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2013;45:1895–910.CrossRefPubMed Li CH, Chen Y. Targeting long non-coding RNAs in cancers: progress and prospects. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2013;45:1895–910.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Kitagawa M, Kotake Y, Ohhata T. Long non-coding RNAs involved in cancer development and cell fate determination. Curr Drug Targets. 2012;13:1616–21.CrossRefPubMed Kitagawa M, Kotake Y, Ohhata T. Long non-coding RNAs involved in cancer development and cell fate determination. Curr Drug Targets. 2012;13:1616–21.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Taylor DH, Chu ET, Spektor R, Soloway PD. Long non-coding RNA regulation of reproduction and development. Mol Reprod Dev. 2015. doi:10.1002/mrd.22581. Taylor DH, Chu ET, Spektor R, Soloway PD. Long non-coding RNA regulation of reproduction and development. Mol Reprod Dev. 2015. doi:10.​1002/​mrd.​22581.
11.
go back to reference Yu X, Li Z. MicroRNA expression and its implications for diagnosis and therapy of tongue squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med. 2015. doi:10.1111/jcmm.12650. Yu X, Li Z. MicroRNA expression and its implications for diagnosis and therapy of tongue squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med. 2015. doi:10.​1111/​jcmm.​12650.
13.
14.
go back to reference Yu X, Li Z. Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR: a novel oncogene (review). Mol Med Rep. 2015;12:5611–8.PubMed Yu X, Li Z. Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR: a novel oncogene (review). Mol Med Rep. 2015;12:5611–8.PubMed
16.
go back to reference Wang G, Liu C, Deng S, Zhao Q, Li T, Qiao S, et al. Long noncoding rnas in regulation of human breast cancer. Brief Funct Genomics. 2015. doi:10.1093/bfgp/elv049. Wang G, Liu C, Deng S, Zhao Q, Li T, Qiao S, et al. Long noncoding rnas in regulation of human breast cancer. Brief Funct Genomics. 2015. doi:10.​1093/​bfgp/​elv049.
17.
go back to reference Tao H, Yang JJ, Zhou X, Deng ZY, Shi KH, Li J. Emerging role of long non-coding RNAs in lung cancer: current status and future prospects. Respir Med. 2015;110:12–9. Tao H, Yang JJ, Zhou X, Deng ZY, Shi KH, Li J. Emerging role of long non-coding RNAs in lung cancer: current status and future prospects. Respir Med. 2015;110:12–9. 
18.
go back to reference Meseure D, Drak Alsibai K, Nicolas A, Bieche I, Morillon A. Long non-coding RNAs as new architects in cancer epigenetics, prognostic biomarkers, and potential therapeutic targets. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:320214.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Meseure D, Drak Alsibai K, Nicolas A, Bieche I, Morillon A. Long non-coding RNAs as new architects in cancer epigenetics, prognostic biomarkers, and potential therapeutic targets. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:320214.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
19.
go back to reference Shahryari A, Jazi MS, Samaei NM, Mowla SJ. Long non-coding RNA SOX2OT: expression signature, splicing patterns, and emerging roles in pluripotency and tumorigenesis. Front Genet. 2015;6:196.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Shahryari A, Jazi MS, Samaei NM, Mowla SJ. Long non-coding RNA SOX2OT: expression signature, splicing patterns, and emerging roles in pluripotency and tumorigenesis. Front Genet. 2015;6:196.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
20.
go back to reference Ding X, Wan X, Jiang H, Song H, Fang Y, Chen S, et al. The clinical value of ncRNAs in gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Tumour Biol. 2015;36:4017–25.CrossRefPubMed Ding X, Wan X, Jiang H, Song H, Fang Y, Chen S, et al. The clinical value of ncRNAs in gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Tumour Biol. 2015;36:4017–25.CrossRefPubMed
21.
22.
go back to reference Yang X, Xie X, Xiao YF, Xie R, Hu CJ, Tang B, et al. The emergence of long non-coding RNAs in the tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett. 2015;360:119–24.CrossRefPubMed Yang X, Xie X, Xiao YF, Xie R, Hu CJ, Tang B, et al. The emergence of long non-coding RNAs in the tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett. 2015;360:119–24.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Martens-Uzunova ES, Bottcher R, Croce CM, Jenster G, Visakorpi T, Calin GA. Long non-coding RNA in prostate, bladder, and kidney cancer. Eur Urol. 2014;65:1140–51.CrossRefPubMed Martens-Uzunova ES, Bottcher R, Croce CM, Jenster G, Visakorpi T, Calin GA. Long non-coding RNA in prostate, bladder, and kidney cancer. Eur Urol. 2014;65:1140–51.CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Pasmant E, Laurendeau I, Heron D, Vidaud M, Vidaud D, Bieche I. Characterization of a germ-line deletion, including the entire INK4/ARF locus, in a melanoma-neural system tumor family: identification of ANRIL, an antisense non-coding RNA whose expression coclusters with ARF. Cancer Res. 2007;67:3963–9.CrossRefPubMed Pasmant E, Laurendeau I, Heron D, Vidaud M, Vidaud D, Bieche I. Characterization of a germ-line deletion, including the entire INK4/ARF locus, in a melanoma-neural system tumor family: identification of ANRIL, an antisense non-coding RNA whose expression coclusters with ARF. Cancer Res. 2007;67:3963–9.CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Zhang EB, Kong R, Yin DD, You LH, Sun M, Han L, et al. Long non-coding RNA ANRIL indicates a poor prognosis of gastric cancer and promotes tumor growth by epigenetically silencing of mir-99a/mir-449a. Oncotarget. 2014;5:2276–92.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Zhang EB, Kong R, Yin DD, You LH, Sun M, Han L, et al. Long non-coding RNA ANRIL indicates a poor prognosis of gastric cancer and promotes tumor growth by epigenetically silencing of mir-99a/mir-449a. Oncotarget. 2014;5:2276–92.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
28.
go back to reference Iranpour M, Soudyab M, Geranpayeh L, Mirfakhraie R, Azargashb E, Movafagh A, et al. Expression analysis of four long non-coding RNAs in breast cancer. Tumour Biol. 2015. doi:10.1007/s13277-015-4135-2. Iranpour M, Soudyab M, Geranpayeh L, Mirfakhraie R, Azargashb E, Movafagh A, et al. Expression analysis of four long non-coding RNAs in breast cancer. Tumour Biol. 2015. doi:10.​1007/​s13277-015-4135-2.
29.
go back to reference Naemura M, Murasaki C, Inoue Y, Okamoto H, Kotake Y. Long non-coding RNA ANRIL regulates proliferation of non-small-cell lung cancer and cervical cancer cells. Anticancer Res. 2015;35:5377–82.PubMed Naemura M, Murasaki C, Inoue Y, Okamoto H, Kotake Y. Long non-coding RNA ANRIL regulates proliferation of non-small-cell lung cancer and cervical cancer cells. Anticancer Res. 2015;35:5377–82.PubMed
30.
go back to reference Zhu H, Li X, Song Y, Zhang P, Xiao Y, Xing Y. Long non-coding RNA ANRIL is upregulated in bladder cancer and regulates bladder cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2015;467:223–8.CrossRefPubMed Zhu H, Li X, Song Y, Zhang P, Xiao Y, Xing Y. Long non-coding RNA ANRIL is upregulated in bladder cancer and regulates bladder cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2015;467:223–8.CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Kia SK, Gorski MM, Giannakopoulos S, Verrijzer CP. SWI/SNF mediates polycomb eviction and epigenetic reprogramming of the INK4b-ARF-INK4a locus. Mol Cell Biol. 2008;28:3457–64.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kia SK, Gorski MM, Giannakopoulos S, Verrijzer CP. SWI/SNF mediates polycomb eviction and epigenetic reprogramming of the INK4b-ARF-INK4a locus. Mol Cell Biol. 2008;28:3457–64.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
32.
go back to reference Gil J, Peters G. Regulation of the INK4b-ARF-INK4a tumour suppressor locus: all for one or one for all. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2006;7:667–77.CrossRefPubMed Gil J, Peters G. Regulation of the INK4b-ARF-INK4a tumour suppressor locus: all for one or one for all. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2006;7:667–77.CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Ozenne P, Eymin B, Brambilla E, Gazzeri S. The ARF tumor suppressor: structure, functions and status in cancer. Int J Cancer. 2010;127:2239–47.CrossRefPubMed Ozenne P, Eymin B, Brambilla E, Gazzeri S. The ARF tumor suppressor: structure, functions and status in cancer. Int J Cancer. 2010;127:2239–47.CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Kheradmand Kia S, Solaimani Kartalaei P, Farahbakhshian E, Pourfarzad F, von Lindern M, Verrijzer CP. EZH2-dependent chromatin looping controls INK4a and INK4b, but not ARF, during human progenitor cell differentiation and cellular senescence. Epigenetics Chromatin. 2009;2:16.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kheradmand Kia S, Solaimani Kartalaei P, Farahbakhshian E, Pourfarzad F, von Lindern M, Verrijzer CP. EZH2-dependent chromatin looping controls INK4a and INK4b, but not ARF, during human progenitor cell differentiation and cellular senescence. Epigenetics Chromatin. 2009;2:16.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
35.
go back to reference Yap KL, Li S, Munoz-Cabello AM, Raguz S, Zeng L, Mujtaba S, et al. Molecular interplay of the non-coding RNA ANRIL and methylated histone H3 lysine 27 by polycomb CBX7 in transcriptional silencing of INK4a. Mol Cell. 2010;38:662–74.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Yap KL, Li S, Munoz-Cabello AM, Raguz S, Zeng L, Mujtaba S, et al. Molecular interplay of the non-coding RNA ANRIL and methylated histone H3 lysine 27 by polycomb CBX7 in transcriptional silencing of INK4a. Mol Cell. 2010;38:662–74.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
36.
go back to reference Aguilo F, Di Cecilia S, Walsh MJ. Long non-coding RNA ANRIL and polycomb in human cancers and cardiovascular disease. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2015. doi:10.1007/82_2015_455. Aguilo F, Di Cecilia S, Walsh MJ. Long non-coding RNA ANRIL and polycomb in human cancers and cardiovascular disease. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2015. doi:10.​1007/​82_​2015_​455.
37.
go back to reference He S, Gu W, Li Y, Zhu H. ANRIL/CDKN2B-AS shows two-stage clade-specific evolution and becomes conserved after transposon insertions in simians. BMC Evol Biol. 2013;13:247.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral He S, Gu W, Li Y, Zhu H. ANRIL/CDKN2B-AS shows two-stage clade-specific evolution and becomes conserved after transposon insertions in simians. BMC Evol Biol. 2013;13:247.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
38.
39.
go back to reference Kotake Y, Nakagawa T, Kitagawa K, Suzuki S, Liu N, Kitagawa M, et al. Long non-coding RNA ANRIL is required for the PRC2 recruitment to and silencing of p15(INK4b) tumor suppressor gene. Oncogene. 2011;30:1956–62.CrossRefPubMed Kotake Y, Nakagawa T, Kitagawa K, Suzuki S, Liu N, Kitagawa M, et al. Long non-coding RNA ANRIL is required for the PRC2 recruitment to and silencing of p15(INK4b) tumor suppressor gene. Oncogene. 2011;30:1956–62.CrossRefPubMed
40.
go back to reference Rodriguez C, Borgel J, Court F, Cathala G, Forne T, Piette J. CTCF is a DNA methylation-sensitive positive regulator of the INK/ARF locus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010;392:129–34.CrossRefPubMed Rodriguez C, Borgel J, Court F, Cathala G, Forne T, Piette J. CTCF is a DNA methylation-sensitive positive regulator of the INK/ARF locus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010;392:129–34.CrossRefPubMed
41.
go back to reference Nie FQ, Sun M, Yang JS, Xie M, Xu TP, Xia R, et al. Long non-coding RNA ANRIL promotes non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis by silencing KLF2 and p21 expression. Mol Cancer Ther. 2015;14:268–77.CrossRefPubMed Nie FQ, Sun M, Yang JS, Xie M, Xu TP, Xia R, et al. Long non-coding RNA ANRIL promotes non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis by silencing KLF2 and p21 expression. Mol Cancer Ther. 2015;14:268–77.CrossRefPubMed
42.
go back to reference Lin L, Gu ZT, Chen WH, Cao KJ. Increased expression of the long non-coding RNA ANRIL promotes lung cancer cell metastasis and correlates with poor prognosis. Diagn Pathol. 2015;10:14.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lin L, Gu ZT, Chen WH, Cao KJ. Increased expression of the long non-coding RNA ANRIL promotes lung cancer cell metastasis and correlates with poor prognosis. Diagn Pathol. 2015;10:14.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
43.
go back to reference Kang YH, Kim D, Jin EJ. Down-regulation of phospholipase d stimulates death of lung cancer cells involving upregulation of the long ncRNA anril. Anticancer Res. 2015;35:2795–803.PubMed Kang YH, Kim D, Jin EJ. Down-regulation of phospholipase d stimulates death of lung cancer cells involving upregulation of the long ncRNA anril. Anticancer Res. 2015;35:2795–803.PubMed
44.
go back to reference Huang MD, Chen WM, Qi FZ, Xia R, Sun M, Xu TP, et al. Long non-coding RNA ANRIL is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and regulates cell apoptosis by epigenetic silencing of klf2. J Hematol Oncol. 2015;8:50.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Huang MD, Chen WM, Qi FZ, Xia R, Sun M, Xu TP, et al. Long non-coding RNA ANRIL is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and regulates cell apoptosis by epigenetic silencing of klf2. J Hematol Oncol. 2015;8:50.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
45.
go back to reference Hua L, Wang CY, Yao KH, Chen JT, Zhang JJ, Ma WL. High expression of long non-coding RNA ANRIL is associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015;8:3076–82.PubMedPubMedCentral Hua L, Wang CY, Yao KH, Chen JT, Zhang JJ, Ma WL. High expression of long non-coding RNA ANRIL is associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015;8:3076–82.PubMedPubMedCentral
46.
go back to reference Chen D, Zhang Z, Mao C, Zhou Y, Yu L, Yin Y, et al. ANRIL inhibits p15(INK4b) through the TGF beta 1 signaling pathway in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Immunol. 2014;289:91–6.CrossRefPubMed Chen D, Zhang Z, Mao C, Zhou Y, Yu L, Yin Y, et al. ANRIL inhibits p15(INK4b) through the TGF beta 1 signaling pathway in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Immunol. 2014;289:91–6.CrossRefPubMed
47.
go back to reference Kang M, Sang Y, Gu H, Zheng L, Wang L, Liu C, et al. Long non-coding RNAs POLR2Ee rs3787016 c/t and HULC rs7763881 A/C polymorphisms are associated with decreased risk of esophageal cancer. Tumour Biol. 2015;36:6401–8.CrossRefPubMed Kang M, Sang Y, Gu H, Zheng L, Wang L, Liu C, et al. Long non-coding RNAs POLR2Ee rs3787016 c/t and HULC rs7763881 A/C polymorphisms are associated with decreased risk of esophageal cancer. Tumour Biol. 2015;36:6401–8.CrossRefPubMed
48.
go back to reference Martinez-Fernandez M, Feber A, Duenas M, Segovia C, Rubio C, Fernandez M, et al. Analysis of the polycomb-related lncRNAs HOTAIR and ANRIL in bladder cancer. Clin Epigenetics. 2015;7:109.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Martinez-Fernandez M, Feber A, Duenas M, Segovia C, Rubio C, Fernandez M, et al. Analysis of the polycomb-related lncRNAs HOTAIR and ANRIL in bladder cancer. Clin Epigenetics. 2015;7:109.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
49.
go back to reference Qiu JJ, Lin YY, Ding JX, Feng WW, Jin HY, Hua KQ. Long non-coding RNA ANRIL predicts poor prognosis and promotes invasion/metastasis in serous ovarian cancer. Int J Oncol. 2015;46:2497–505.PubMed Qiu JJ, Lin YY, Ding JX, Feng WW, Jin HY, Hua KQ. Long non-coding RNA ANRIL predicts poor prognosis and promotes invasion/metastasis in serous ovarian cancer. Int J Oncol. 2015;46:2497–505.PubMed
50.
go back to reference Iacobucci I, Sazzini M, Garagnani P, Ferrari A, Boattini A, Lonetti A, et al. A polymorphism in the chromosome 9p21 ANRIL locus is associated to Philadelphia positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Res. 2011;35:1052–9.CrossRefPubMed Iacobucci I, Sazzini M, Garagnani P, Ferrari A, Boattini A, Lonetti A, et al. A polymorphism in the chromosome 9p21 ANRIL locus is associated to Philadelphia positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Res. 2011;35:1052–9.CrossRefPubMed
51.
go back to reference Pasmant E, Sabbagh A, Masliah-Planchon J, Ortonne N, Laurendeau I, Melin L, et al. Role of non-coding RNA ANRIL in genesis of plexiform neurofibromas in neurofibromatosis type 1. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011;103:1713–22.CrossRefPubMed Pasmant E, Sabbagh A, Masliah-Planchon J, Ortonne N, Laurendeau I, Melin L, et al. Role of non-coding RNA ANRIL in genesis of plexiform neurofibromas in neurofibromatosis type 1. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011;103:1713–22.CrossRefPubMed
52.
go back to reference Mussotter T, Kluwe L, Hogel J, Nguyen R, Cooper DN, Mautner VF, et al. Non-coding RNA ANRIL and the number of plexiform neurofibromas in patients with NF1 microdeletions. BMC Med Genet. 2012;13:98.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Mussotter T, Kluwe L, Hogel J, Nguyen R, Cooper DN, Mautner VF, et al. Non-coding RNA ANRIL and the number of plexiform neurofibromas in patients with NF1 microdeletions. BMC Med Genet. 2012;13:98.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Metadata
Title
ANRIL: a pivotal tumor suppressor long non-coding RNA in human cancers
Authors
Zheng Li
Xin Yu
Jianxiong Shen
Publication date
01-05-2016
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
Tumor Biology / Issue 5/2016
Print ISSN: 1010-4283
Electronic ISSN: 1423-0380
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-016-4808-5

Other articles of this Issue 5/2016

Tumor Biology 5/2016 Go to the issue
Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine