Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome in a Young Girl with Dysgerminoma: A Case Report

Excerpt

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a consequence of rapid lysis of cells, leading to release of toxic intracellular ions, nucleic acid and other cell metabolites within the blood stream. The characteristic biochemical abnormalities of TLS include hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, and hypocalcemia, which further lead to acid/base anomalies, acute kidney injury, cardiac arrhythmias, and seizures and can cause death [1]. The Cairo and Bishop criterion is used to diagnose laboratory and clinical TLS [2, 3] according to which two or more of the biochemical abnormalities are to be met out of four for three days before or seven days after the chemotherapy. The abnormalities include a 25% increase from baseline in serum values of uric acid, potassium or phosphorus or a 25% decrease in serum calcium. The clinical diagnosis consists of one clinical symptom, which includes cardiac arrhythmia or seizure along with two laboratory criteria. …