Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery 2/2016

01-06-2016 | Technical Note

Preservation of Aesthetics of Breast in Pectoralis Major Myocutaneous Flap Donor Site in Females

Authors: Sandeep Mehta, Juhi Agrawal, Tapaswini Pradhan, Ashish Goel, Kapil Kumar, A. K. Dewan, S. Veda Padma Priya

Published in: Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery | Issue 2/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

Background and Objectives

In females, raising a pectoralis major myocutaneous flap is challenging and primary closure of flap donor site causes breast deformity with medial displacement of nipple areola complex. To avoid this distortion, a new method of donor site closure is devised.

Methods

A parasternal skin paddle which has better vascularity is planned while doing a pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in females and a lateral flap planned along the lateral breast curve is used to cover the donor site. The lateral flap donor site is primarily closed. This prevents medial displacement of nipple areola complex.

Results

A total of 47 patients underwent donor site flap closure technique. Minor complications in form of marginal necrosis near the tip of the flap were observed in 10.6 % patients. The donor breast of all these PMMC flaps had good contour and aesthetic positioning of nipple areola complex.

Conclusion

Donor site morbidity with respect to breast distortion has not been studied so far in case of females so our study stands unique in this aspect. Using this technique of planning PMMC in females ensures a skin paddle of better vascularity and restores the breast aesthetics.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Ariyan S (1979) The pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. A versatile flap for reconstruction in the head and neck. Plast Recontr Surg 63:73CrossRef Ariyan S (1979) The pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. A versatile flap for reconstruction in the head and neck. Plast Recontr Surg 63:73CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Ariyan S (1979) Further experience with the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for immediate repair or defects fron excisions of head and neck cancers. Plast Recontr Surg 64:605–612CrossRef Ariyan S (1979) Further experience with the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for immediate repair or defects fron excisions of head and neck cancers. Plast Recontr Surg 64:605–612CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Bussu F, Gallus R, Navach V, Bruschini R et al (2014) Contemporary role of pectoralis major regional flaps in head and neck surgery. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 34:327–341PubMedPubMedCentral Bussu F, Gallus R, Navach V, Bruschini R et al (2014) Contemporary role of pectoralis major regional flaps in head and neck surgery. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 34:327–341PubMedPubMedCentral
4.
go back to reference Bhola N, Jadhav A, Borle R, Khemka G et al (2015) Is there still a role of bilobed/bipaddled pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for single stage immediate reconstruction of post ablative oncologic full-thickness defects of the cheek? Oral Maxillofac Surg 19(2):125–131 Bhola N, Jadhav A, Borle R, Khemka G et al (2015) Is there still a role of bilobed/bipaddled pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for single stage immediate reconstruction of post ablative oncologic full-thickness defects of the cheek? Oral Maxillofac Surg 19(2):125–131
5.
go back to reference Gadre KS, Gadre P, Sane VD, Halli R et al (2013) Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap—still a work-horse for maxillofacial reconstruction in developing countries. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 71:2005.e1–2005.e10CrossRef Gadre KS, Gadre P, Sane VD, Halli R et al (2013) Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap—still a work-horse for maxillofacial reconstruction in developing countries. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 71:2005.e1–2005.e10CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Sharzer LA, Kalisman M, Silver CE, Strauch B (1981) The parasternal paddle: a modification of pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. Plast Recontr Surg 67:753CrossRef Sharzer LA, Kalisman M, Silver CE, Strauch B (1981) The parasternal paddle: a modification of pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. Plast Recontr Surg 67:753CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Rikimaru H, Kiyokawa K, Inoue Y, Tai Y (2005) Three dimensional anatomical distribution in the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 115:1342–1352CrossRefPubMed Rikimaru H, Kiyokawa K, Inoue Y, Tai Y (2005) Three dimensional anatomical distribution in the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 115:1342–1352CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Rikimaru H, Kiyokawa K, Watanabe K, Koga N et al (2009) New method of preparing a pectoralis major myocutaneous flap with a skin paddle that includes the third intercostals perforating branch of the internal thoracic artery. Plast Reconstr Surg 123:1220–1228CrossRefPubMed Rikimaru H, Kiyokawa K, Watanabe K, Koga N et al (2009) New method of preparing a pectoralis major myocutaneous flap with a skin paddle that includes the third intercostals perforating branch of the internal thoracic artery. Plast Reconstr Surg 123:1220–1228CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Ijsselstein CB, Hovius SE, Ten Have BL, Wijthoff SJM et al (1996) Is the pectoralis myocutaneous flap in the intraoral and oropharyngeal reconstruction outdated? Am J Surg 172:259–262CrossRefPubMed Ijsselstein CB, Hovius SE, Ten Have BL, Wijthoff SJM et al (1996) Is the pectoralis myocutaneous flap in the intraoral and oropharyngeal reconstruction outdated? Am J Surg 172:259–262CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Mehta S, Sarkar S, Kavarana N, Bhathena H et al (1996) Complications of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in the oral cavity: a prospective evaluation of 220 cases. Plast Reconstr Surg 98:31–37CrossRefPubMed Mehta S, Sarkar S, Kavarana N, Bhathena H et al (1996) Complications of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in the oral cavity: a prospective evaluation of 220 cases. Plast Reconstr Surg 98:31–37CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Liu R, Gullane P, Brown D, Irish J (2001) Pectoralis major myocutaneous pedicled flap in head and neck reconstruction: retrospective review of indications and results in 244 consecutive cases at Toronto General Hospital. J Otolaryngol 30:34–40CrossRefPubMed Liu R, Gullane P, Brown D, Irish J (2001) Pectoralis major myocutaneous pedicled flap in head and neck reconstruction: retrospective review of indications and results in 244 consecutive cases at Toronto General Hospital. J Otolaryngol 30:34–40CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Wilson JSP, Yiacoumettis AM, O’Neill T (1984) Some observations on 112 pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. Am J Surg 147:273–279CrossRefPubMed Wilson JSP, Yiacoumettis AM, O’Neill T (1984) Some observations on 112 pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. Am J Surg 147:273–279CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Chaturvedi P, Pai PS, Pathak KA, Chaukar DA et al (2004) Parasternal approach for pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in females. J Surg Oncol 85:199–201CrossRefPubMed Chaturvedi P, Pai PS, Pathak KA, Chaukar DA et al (2004) Parasternal approach for pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in females. J Surg Oncol 85:199–201CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference El-Marakby HH (2006) The reliability of pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in head and neck reconstruction. J Egypt Nat Cancer Inst 18(1):41–50PubMed El-Marakby HH (2006) The reliability of pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in head and neck reconstruction. J Egypt Nat Cancer Inst 18(1):41–50PubMed
Metadata
Title
Preservation of Aesthetics of Breast in Pectoralis Major Myocutaneous Flap Donor Site in Females
Authors
Sandeep Mehta
Juhi Agrawal
Tapaswini Pradhan
Ashish Goel
Kapil Kumar
A. K. Dewan
S. Veda Padma Priya
Publication date
01-06-2016
Publisher
Springer India
Published in
Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery / Issue 2/2016
Print ISSN: 0972-8279
Electronic ISSN: 0974-942X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-015-0820-3

Other articles of this Issue 2/2016

Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery 2/2016 Go to the issue