Top

International Journal of Behavioral Medicine

Published in:

01-10-2016

The Clustering of Lifestyle Behaviours in New Zealand and their Relationship with Optimal Wellbeing

Authors: Kate B. Prendergast, Lisa M. Mackay, Grant M. Schofield

Published in: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine | Issue 5/2016

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this research was to determine (1) associations between multiple lifestyle behaviours and optimal wellbeing and (2) the extent to which five lifestyle behaviours—sleep, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sugary drink consumption, and fruit and vegetable intake—cluster in a national sample.

Method

A national sample of New Zealand adults participated in a web-based wellbeing survey. Five lifestyle behaviours—sleep, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sugary drink consumption, and fruit and vegetable intake—were dichotomised into healthy (meets recommendations) and unhealthy (does not meet recommendations) categories. Optimal wellbeing was calculated using a multi-dimensional flourishing scale, and binary logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the relationship between multiple healthy behaviours and optimal wellbeing. Clustering was examined by comparing the observed and expected prevalence rates (O/E) of healthy and unhealthy two-, three-, four-, and five-behaviour combinations.

Results

Data from 9425 participants show those engaging in four to five healthy behaviours (23 %) were 4.7 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 3.8–5.7) times more likely to achieve optimal wellbeing compared to those engaging in zero to one healthy behaviour (21 %). Clustering was observed for healthy (5 %, O/E 2.0, 95 % CI 1.8–2.2) and unhealthy (5 %, O/E 2.1, 95 % CI 1.9–2.3) five-behaviour combinations and for four- and three-behaviour combinations. At the two-behaviour level, healthy fruit and vegetable intake clustered with all behaviours, except sleep which did not cluster with any behaviour.

Conclusion

Multiple lifestyle behaviours were positively associated with optimal wellbeing. The results show lifestyle behaviours cluster, providing support for multiple behaviour lifestyle-based interventions for optimising wellbeing.

Seligman M. Positive health. Appl Psychol Meas. 2008;57(S1):3–18. doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00351.x.CrossRef

Vazquez C, Hervas G, Rahona J, Gomez D. Psychological well-being and health: contributions of positive psychology. Annuary Clin Health Psychol. 2009;5:15–27.

Evers KE, Castle PH, Prochaska JO, Prochaska JM. Examining relationships between multiple health risk behaviors, well-being, and productivity. Psychol Rep. 2014;114(3):843–53. doi:10.2466/13.01.PR0.114k25w4.CrossRefPubMed

Huppert F, So TC. Flourishing across Europe: application of a new conceptual framework for defining well-being. Soc Indic Res. 2013;110(3):837–61. doi:10.1007/s11205-011-9966-7.CrossRefPubMed

Prendergast KB, Schofield GM, Mackay LM. Associations between lifestyle behaviours and optimal wellbeing in a diverse sample of New Zealand adults. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(62). doi:10.1186/s12889-016-2755-0.

Walsh R. Lifestyle and mental health. Am Psychol. 2011;66(7):579–92.CrossRefPubMed

Conner TS, Brookie KL, Richardson AC, Polak MA. On carrots and curiosity: eating fruit and vegetables is associated with greater flourishing in daily life. Br J Health Psychol. 2015. doi:10.1111/bjhp.12113.

Conry MC, Morgan K, Curry P, et al. The clustering of health behaviours in Ireland and their relationship with mental health, self-rated health and quality of life. BMC Public Health. 2011. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-692.PubMedPubMedCentral

Prochaska JJ, Spring B, Nigg CR. Multiple health behavior change research: an introduction and overview. Prev Med. 2008;46(3):181–8. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.02.001.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

10.

McAloney K, Graham H, Law C, Platt L. A scoping review of statistical approaches to the analysis of multiple health-related behaviours. Prev Med. 2013;56(6):365–71. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.03.002.CrossRefPubMed

11.

Pronk NP, Anderson LH, Crain AL, et al. Meeting recommendations for multiple healthy lifestyle factors: prevalence, clustering, and predictors among adolescent, adult, and senior health plan members. Am J Prev Med. 2004;27(2 Suppl):25–33. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.04.022.CrossRefPubMed

12.

Tobias M, Jackson G, Yeh L-C, Huang K. Do healthy and unhealthy behaviours cluster in New Zealand? Aust N Z J Public Health. 2007;31(2):155–63. doi:10.1111/j.1753-6405.2007.00034.x.CrossRefPubMed

13.

Williden M, Duncan S, Schofield G. Do health behaviours cluster in a working population in New Zealand? Health Promot J Aust. 2012;23(3):234–6.

14.

Poortinga W. The prevalence and clustering of four major lifestyle risk factors in an English adult population. Prev Med. 2007;44(2):124–8. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.10.006.CrossRefPubMed

15.

Baruth M, Addy C, Wilcox S, Dowda M. Clustering of risk behaviours among African American adults. Health Educ J. 2011;71(5):565–75. doi:10.1177/0017896911411761.CrossRef

16.

Berrigan D, Dodd K, Troiano RP, Krebs-Smith SM, Barbash RB. Patterns of health behavior in U.S. adults. Prev Med. 2003;36(5):615–23. doi:10.1016/s0091-7435(02)00067-1.CrossRefPubMed

17.

French S, Rosenberg M, Knuiman M. The clustering of health behaviours in a Western Australian adult population. Health Promot J Aust. 2008;19(3):203–9.

18.

Helmerhorst HJF, Wijndaele K, Brage S, Wareham NJ, Ekelund U. Objectively measured sedentary time may predict insulin resistance independent of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity. Diabetes. 2009;58(8):1776–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

19.

Cappuccio FP, D’Elia L, Strazzullo P, Miller MA. Sleep duration and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Sleep. 2010;33(5):585–92.PubMedPubMedCentral

20.

Brown CM, Dulloo AG, Montani JP. Sugary drinks in the pathogenesis of obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Int J Obes. 2008;32(S6):S28–34. doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.204.CrossRef

21.

Atkin A, Adams E, Bull F, Biddle S. Non-occupational sitting and mental well-being in employed adults. Ann Behav Med. 2012;43(2):181–8. doi:10.1007/s12160-011-9320-y.CrossRefPubMed

22.

Jarden A, Mackay L, White K, et al. The sovereign New Zealand wellbeing index. Psychol Aotearoa. 2013;5(1):22–7.

23.

European Social Survey. ESS Round 3 source questionnaire. London: Centre for Comparative Social Surveys, City University London; 2006.

24.

Kutner NG, Bliwise DL, Zhang R. Linking race and well-being within a biopsychosocial framework: variation in subjective sleep quality in two racially diverse older adult samples. J Health Soc Behav. 2004;45(1):99–113.CrossRefPubMed

25.

Burgard SA, Ailshire JA. Putting work to bed: stressful experiences on the job and sleep quality. J Health Soc Behav. 2009;50(4):476–92.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

26.

Hone LC, Jarden A, Duncan S, Schofield GM. Flourishing in New Zealand workers: associations with lifestyle behaviors, physical health, psychosocial, and work-related indicators. J Occup Environ Med. 2015;57(9):973–83. doi:10.1097/JOM.0000000000000508.CrossRefPubMed

27.

Ministry of Health. Eating and activity guidelines for New Zealand adults. Wellington: Ministry of Health; 2015.

28.

Ministry of Health. 2006/07 New Zealand health survey: adult questionnaire. Wellington: Ministry of Health; 2006.

29.

Ministry of Health. New Zealand health strategy. Wellington: Ministry of Health; 2000.

30.

Hone L, Jarden A, Schofield G. Measuring flourishing: the impact of operational definitions on the prevalence of high levels of wellbeing. Int J Wellbeing. 2014;4(1):62–90. doi:10.5502/ijw.v4i1.4.CrossRef

31.

European Social Survey. ESS Round 6 source questionnaire. London: Centre for Comparative Social Surveys, City University; 2012.

32.

Ebrahim S, Montaner D, Lawlor DA. Clustering of risk factors and social class in childhood and adulthood in British women’s heart and health study: cross sectional analysis. Br Med J. 2004. doi:10.1136/bmj.38034.702836.55.

33.

Wicker P, Coates D, Breuer C. The effect of a four-week fitness program on satisfaction with health and life. Int J Public Health. 2015;60(1):41–7. doi:10.1007/s00038-014-0601-7.CrossRefPubMed

34.

Gomez-Pinilla F. The influences of diet and exercise on mental health through hormesis. Ageing Res Rev. 2008;7(1):49–62. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2007.04.003.CrossRefPubMed

35.

Rothman SM, Mattson MP. Activity-dependent, stress-responsive BDNF signaling and the quest for optimal brain health and resilience throughout the lifespan. Neuroscience. 2013;239:228–40. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.10.014.CrossRefPubMed

36.

Mattson MP. Dietary factors, hormesis and health. Ageing Res Rev. 2008;7(1):43–8. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2007.08.004.CrossRefPubMed

37.

Laaksonen M, Prattala R, Karisto A. Patterns of unhealthy behaviour in Finland. Eur J Public Health. 2001;11(3):294–300.CrossRefPubMed

38.

Spring B, Moller AC, Coons MJ. Multiple health behaviours: overview and implications. J Public Health. 2012;34(S1):S3–10. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdr111.CrossRef

39.

Lustig RH. Which comes first? The obesity or the insulin? The behavior or the biochemistry? J Pediatr. 2008;152(5):601–2. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.01.021.CrossRefPubMed

40.

Mark AL, Rahmouni K, Correia M, Haynes WG. A leptin-sympathetic-leptin feedback loop: potential implications for regulation of arterial pressure and body fat. Acta Physiol Scand. 2003;177(3):345–9. doi:10.1046/j.1365-201X.2003.01085.x.CrossRefPubMed

41.

Isganaitis E, Lustig RH. Fast food, central nervous system insulin resistance, and obesity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25(12):2451–62. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000186208.06964.91.CrossRefPubMed

42.

Lustig RH, Sen S, Soberman JE, Velasquez-Mieyer PA. Obesity, leptin resistance, and the effects of insulin reduction. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004;28(10):1344–8. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802753.CrossRefPubMed

43.

Prochaska JJ, Prochaska JO. A review of multiple health behavior change interventions for primary prevention. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2011;5(3):208–21. doi:10.1177/1559827610391883.CrossRef

44.

van Gelder MM, Bretveld RW, Roeleveld N. Web-based questionnaires: the future in epidemiology? Am J Epidemiol. 2010. doi:10.1093/aje/kwq291.PubMed

Title: The Clustering of Lifestyle Behaviours in New Zealand and their Relationship with Optimal Wellbeing
Authors: Kate B. Prendergast
Lisa M. Mackay
Grant M. Schofield
Publication date: 01-10-2016
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine / Issue 5/2016
Print ISSN: 1070-5503
Electronic ISSN: 1532-7558
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-016-9552-0

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

The Clustering of Lifestyle Behaviours in New Zealand and their Relationship with Optimal Wellbeing

Abstract

Purpose

Method

Results

Conclusion

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Method

Results

Conclusion

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 5/2016

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Peer-Led Self-Management Programs for Increasing Physical Activity

Psychological Resources Are Independently Associated with Markers of Inflammation in a Middle-Aged Community Sample

Differences in Physical and Psychosocial Characteristics Between CFS and Fatigued Non-CFS Patients, a Case-Control Study

Longitudinal Relationships Between Organizational Justice, Productivity Loss, and Sickness Absence Among Older Employees

Clinical Characteristics and Referral Patterns of Outpatients Visiting a Japanese Psychosomatic Medicine Clinic

Substitution of SF-36 by SF-12 Among Hong Kong Chinese Older Adults: Secondary Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials