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Neuroscience Bulletin
Published in: Neuroscience Bulletin 2/2017

Open Access 01-04-2017 | Review

An Overview of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Heterogeneity and Treatment Options

Authors: Anne Masi, Marilena M. DeMayo, Nicholas Glozier, Adam J. Guastella

Published in: Neuroscience Bulletin | Issue 2/2017

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Abstract

Since the documented observations of Kanner in 1943, there has been great debate about the diagnoses, the sub-types, and the diagnostic threshold that relates to what is now known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Reflecting this complicated history, there has been continual refinement from DSM-III with ‘Infantile Autism’ to the current DSM-V diagnosis. The disorder is now widely accepted as a complex, pervasive, heterogeneous condition with multiple etiologies, sub-types, and developmental trajectories. Diagnosis remains based on observation of atypical behaviors, with criteria of persistent deficits in social communication and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior. This review provides a broad overview of the history, prevalence, etiology, clinical presentation, and heterogeneity of ASD. Factors contributing to heterogeneity, including genetic variability, comorbidity, and gender are reviewed. We then explore current evidence-based pharmacological and behavioral treatments for ASD and highlight the complexities of conducting clinical trials that evaluate therapeutic efficacy in ASD populations. Finally, we discuss the potential of a new wave of research examining objective biomarkers to facilitate the evaluation of sub-typing, diagnosis, and treatment response in ASD.
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Metadata
Title
An Overview of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Heterogeneity and Treatment Options
Authors
Anne Masi
Marilena M. DeMayo
Nicholas Glozier
Adam J. Guastella
Publication date
01-04-2017
Publisher
Springer Singapore
Published in
Neuroscience Bulletin / Issue 2/2017
Print ISSN: 1673-7067
Electronic ISSN: 1995-8218
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-017-0100-y

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