Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine
Published in: Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 6/2016

01-11-2016 | Regular Article

The associations between lifestyles and mental health using the General Health Questionnaire 12-items are different dependently on age and sex: a population-based cross-sectional study in Kanazawa, Japan

Authors: Daisuke Hori, Hiromasa Tsujiguchi, Yasuhiro Kambayashi, Toshio Hamagishi, Masami Kitaoka, Junko Mitoma, Hiroki Asakura, Fumihiko Suzuki, Enoch Olando Anyenda, Thao Thi Thu Nguyen, Yuri Hibino, Aki Shibata, Koichi Hayashi, Takiko Sagara, Shinichiro Sasahara, Ichiyo Matsuzaki, Kotaro Hatta, Tadashi Konoshita, Hiroyuki Nakamura

Published in: Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine | Issue 6/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study was to examine potential differences of the associations between mental health and lifestyle factors across a wide range of age.

Methods

In August/September 2011, data were collected from 4693 males (age 51.6 ± 19.5) and 5678 females (age 52.4 ± 19.4) living in Kanazawa, Japan. A cross-sectional community-based survey was conducted with self-administered questionnaire including the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) 12-item version, sociodemographic, and lifestyle factors. Associations between the GHQ scores and other variables were examined using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by multiple comparisons and logistic regression stratified by age and gender.

Results

Multiple comparisons indicated that people aged 20–39 or 40–64 had higher GHQ scores than older aged. The two-way ANOVA revealed significant interaction between body mass index and age group, and between exercise and age group. Overweight or underweight males aged 40–64 had poorer mental health than those at normal weight. In the elderly, being underweight was significantly associated with poor mental health. There were no significant effects of exercise on mental health for young adults. The logistic regression showed significant negative effects of short-time sleep in adults.

Conclusions

The associations between mental health and lifestyles differ across age groups. Further study is needed to reveal effects of aging on lifestyle and mental health with a longitudinal design.
Literature
1.
Kawakami N, Takeshima T, Ono Y, Uda H, Hata Y, Nakane Y, et al. Twelve-month prevalence, severity, and treatment of common mental disorders in communities in Japan: preliminary finding from the World Mental Health Japan Survey 2002–2003. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2005;59:441–52.CrossRefPubMed
2.
3.
Johansson SE, Sundquist J. Change in lifestyle factors and their influence on health status and all-cause mortality. Int J Epidemiol. 1999;28:1073–80.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Cappuccio FP, D’Elia L, Strazzullo P, Miller MA. Sleep duration and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Sleep. 2010;33:585–92.PubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Ford ES, Bergmann MM, Boeing H, Li C, Capewell S. Healthy lifestyle behaviors and all-cause mortality among adults in the United States. Prev Med. 2012;55:23–7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
6.
Ezoe S, Morimoto K. Behavioural lifestyle and mental health status of Japanese factory workers. Prev Med. 1994;23:98–105.CrossRefPubMed
7.
8.
Kawada T, Otsuka T, Inagaki H, Wakayama Y, Katsumata M, Li Q, et al. Relationship among lifestyles, aging and psychological wellbeing using the General Health Questionnaire 12-items in Japanese working men. Aging Male. 2011;14:115–8.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Chen X, Sekine M, Hamanishi S, Wang H, Gaina A, Yamagami T, et al. Lifestyles and health-related quality of life in Japanese school children: a cross-sectional study. Prev Med. 2005;40:668–78.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Matsuzaki I, Sagara T, Oshita Y, Nagase H, Ogino K, Sasahara S, et al. Psychological factors including sense of coherence and some lifestyles are related to General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) in elderly workers in Japan. Environ Health Prev Med. 2007;12:21–7.CrossRef
11.
Sagara T, Hitomi Y, Kambayashi Y, Hibino Y, Matsuzaki I, Sasahara S, et al. Common risk factors for changes in body weight and psychological well-being in Japanese male middle-aged workers. Environ Health Prev Med. 2009;14:319–27.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
12.
Schwartz FJ, Susan JP. The state of civil society in Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003.CrossRef
13.
Goldberg DP, Rickels K, Downing R, Hesbacher P. A comparison of two psychiatric screening tests. Br J Psychiatry. 1976;129:61–7.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Minowa M. Factor structure of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire in the Japanese general adult population. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2003;57:379–83.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Baksheev GN, Robinson J, Cosgrave EM, Baker K, Yung AR. Validity of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in detecting depressive and anxiety disorders among high school students. Psychiatry Res. 2011;187:291–6.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Goldberg DP, Oldehinkel T, Ormel J. Why GHQ threshold varies from one place to another. Psychol Med. 1998;28:915–21.CrossRefPubMed
17.
18.
Cole TJ, Flegal KM, Nicholls D, Jackson AA. Body mass index cut offs to define thinness in children and adolescents: international survey. BMJ. 2007;335:194.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
19.
Cole TJ, Lobstein T. Extended international (IOTF) body mass index cut-offs for thinness, overweight and obesity. Pediatr Obes. 2012;7:284–94.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ. 2000;320:1–6.CrossRef
21.
Gallicchio L, Kalesan B. Sleep duration and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sleep Res. 2009;18:148–58.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Asztalos M, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Cardon G. The relationship between physical activity and mental health varies across activity intensity levels and dimensions of mental health among women and men. Public Health Nutr. 2010;13:1207–14.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Artazcoz L, Borrell C, Cascant L. Gender perspective in the analysis of the relationship between long workhours, health and health-related behavior. Scand J Work Environ Heal. 2007;33:344–50.CrossRef
24.
De Moor MHM, Beem AL, Stubbe JH, Boomsma DI, De Geus EJC. Regular exercise, anxiety, depression and personality: a population-based study. Prev Med. 2006;42:273–9.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Christensen H, Jorm AF, Mackinnon AJ, Korten AE, Jacomb PA, Henderson AS, et al. Age differences in depression and anxiety symptoms: a structural equation modelling analysis of data from a general population sample. Psychol Med. 1999;29:325–39.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Jorm AF, Windsor TD, Dear KBG, Anstey KJ, Christensen H, Rodgers B. Age group differences in psychological distress: the role of psychosocial risk factors that vary with age. Psychol Med. 2005;35:1253–63.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Molarius A, Berglund K, Eriksson C, Eriksson HG, Lindén-Boström M, Nordström E, et al. Mental health symptoms in relation to socio-economic conditions and lifestyle factors—a population-based study in Sweden. BMC Public Health. 2009;9:302.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
28.
Honda A, Date Y, Abe Y, Aoyagi K, Honda S. Work-related stress, caregiver role, and depressive symptoms among Japanese workers. Saf Health Work. 2014;5:7–12.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Kikuzawa S. Elder care, multiple role involvement, and well-being among middle-aged men and women in Japan. J Cross Cult Gerontol. 2015;30:423–38.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Mather M, Canli T, English T, Whitfield S, Wais P, Ochsner K, et al. Amygdala responses to emotionally valenced stimuli in older and younger adults. Psychol Sci. 2004;15:259–63.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Hozawa A, Okamura T, Oki I, Murakami Y, Kadowaki T, Nakamura K, et al. Relationship between BMI and all-cause mortality in Japan: NIPPON DATA80. Obesity. 2008;16:1714–7.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Tamakoshi A, Yatsuya H, Lin Y, Tamakoshi K, Kondo T, Suzuki S, et al. BMI and all-cause mortality among Japanese older adults: findings from the Japan collaborative cohort study. Obesity. 2010;18:362–9.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Ul-Haq Z, Mackay DF, Fenwick E, Pell JP. Meta-analysis of the association between body mass index and health-related quality of life among adults, assessed by the SF-36. Obesity. 2013;21:322–7.CrossRef
34.
Matsuzawa Y, Nakamura T, Takahashi M, Ryo M, Inoue S, Ikeda Y, et al. New criteria for “obesity disease” in Japan. Circ J. 2002;66:987–92.CrossRef
35.
36.
Tamakoshi A, Ohno Y. Self-reported sleep duration as a predictor of all-cause mortality: results from the JACC study, Japan. Sleep. 2004;27:51–4.PubMed
37.
Tanaka H, Shirakawa S. Sleep health, lifestyle and mental health in the Japanese elderly: ensuring sleep to promote a healthy brain and mind. J Psychosom Res. 2004;56:465–77.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Strawbridge WJ, Deleger S, Roberts RE, Kaplan GA. Physical activity reduces the risk of subsequent depression for older adults. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;156:328–34.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Brown WJ, Ford JH, Burton NW, Marshall AL, Dobson AJ. Prospective study of physical activity and depressive symptoms in middle-aged women. Am J Prev Med. 2005;29:265–72.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Steptoe A, Butler N. Sports participation and emotional wellbeing in adolescents. Lancet. 1996;347:1789–92.CrossRefPubMed
41.
Allison KR, Adlaf EM, Irving HM, Hatch JL, Smith TF, Dwyer JJM, et al. Relationship of vigorous physical activity to psychologic distress among adolescents. J Adolesc Health. 2005;37:164–6.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Cotman CW, Berchtold NC. Exercise: a behavioral intervention to enhance brain health and plasticity. Trends Neurosci. 2002;25:295–301.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Nakamura K, Hoshino Y, Kodama K, Yamamoto M. Reliability of self-reported body height and weight of adult Japanese women. J Biosoc Sci. 1999;31:555–8.CrossRefPubMed
44.
Wada K, Tamakoshi K, Tsunekawa T, Otsuka R, Zhang H, Murata C, et al. Validity of self-reported height and weight in a Japanese workplace population. Int J Obes. 2005;29:1093–9.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
The associations between lifestyles and mental health using the General Health Questionnaire 12-items are different dependently on age and sex: a population-based cross-sectional study in Kanazawa, Japan
Authors
Daisuke Hori
Hiromasa Tsujiguchi
Yasuhiro Kambayashi
Toshio Hamagishi
Masami Kitaoka
Junko Mitoma
Hiroki Asakura
Fumihiko Suzuki
Enoch Olando Anyenda
Thao Thi Thu Nguyen
Yuri Hibino
Aki Shibata
Koichi Hayashi
Takiko Sagara
Shinichiro Sasahara
Ichiyo Matsuzaki
Kotaro Hatta
Tadashi Konoshita
Hiroyuki Nakamura
Publication date
01-11-2016
Publisher
Springer Japan
Published in
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine / Issue 6/2016
Print ISSN: 1342-078X
Electronic ISSN: 1347-4715
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12199-016-0541-3

Other articles of this Issue 6/2016

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 6/2016 Go to the issue

Regular Article

iMAGE cloud: medical image processing as a service for regional healthcare in a hybrid cloud environment

Regular Article

Psychological distress between chronic hemodialysis patients with and without low back pain

Regular Article

Survey of electric bidet toilet use among community dwelling Japanese people and correlates for an itch on the anus

Acknowledgment

Best Reviewer Award

Short Communication

Kampo formula “Hochu-ekki-to” suppressed carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice

Regular Article

Association between mass media and body weight concern among Jordanian adolescents’ residents of Amman: the role of gender and obesity