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Open Access 01-02-2015 | Original Article

Which Behavior Change Techniques are Associated with Changes in Physical Activity, Diet and Body Mass Index in People with Recently Diagnosed Diabetes?

Authors: Nelli Hankonen, Ph.D., Stephen Sutton, Ph.D., A. Toby Prevost, Ph.D., Rebecca K. Simmons, Ph.D., Simon J. Griffin, D.M., Ann Louise Kinmonth, M.D., Wendy Hardeman, Ph.D

Published in: Annals of Behavioral Medicine | Issue 1/2015

Abstract

Background

Meta-analyses have identified promising behavior change techniques (BCTs) in changing obesity-related behaviors from intervention descriptions. However, it is unclear whether these BCTs are used by intervention participants and are related to outcomes.

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate BCT use by participants of an intervention targeting physical activity and diet and whether BCT use was related to behavior change and weight loss.

Methods

Intervention participants (N = 239; 40–69 years) with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes in the ADDITION-Plus trial received a theory-based intervention which taught them a range of BCTs. BCT usage was reported at 1 year.

Results

Thirty-six percent of the participants reported using all 16 intervention BCTs. Use of a higher number of BCTs and specific BCTs (e.g., goal setting) were associated with a reduction in body mass index (BMI).

Conclusions

BCT use was associated with weight loss. Future research should identify strategies to promote BCT use in daily life. (Trial Registration: ISRCTN99175498.)

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The three BCT groups were formed on completion of the intervention and after having observed the distribution of the data, with the aim of creating three equally sized groups. As differences in outcome may have been attributable to differences in baseline between these three groups, ANCOVA was used to correct for baseline difference, allowing BCT associations with outcomes to be controlled for any baseline group differences. Baseline differences in BCT groups were observed to range from being of negligible size to being statistically significant for BMI.

The BCT-user groups differed in baseline BMI significantly for four BCTs (using prompts/reminders, self-monitoring, goal review, and preparing for/dealing with setbacks). When the same ANCOVAs were calculated without controlling for baseline BMI, motivating oneself, self-monitoring, and preparing for/dealing with setbacks were significantly associated with BMI change.

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Title: Which Behavior Change Techniques are Associated with Changes in Physical Activity, Diet and Body Mass Index in People with Recently Diagnosed Diabetes?
Authors: Nelli Hankonen, Ph.D.
Stephen Sutton, Ph.D.
A. Toby Prevost, Ph.D.
Rebecca K. Simmons, Ph.D.
Simon J. Griffin, D.M.
Ann Louise Kinmonth, M.D.
Wendy Hardeman, Ph.D
Publication date: 01-02-2015
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Annals of Behavioral Medicine / Issue 1/2015
Print ISSN: 0883-6612
Electronic ISSN: 1532-4796
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-014-9624-9

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Which Behavior Change Techniques are Associated with Changes in Physical Activity, Diet and Body Mass Index in People with Recently Diagnosed Diabetes?

Abstract

Background

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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