Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Annals of Nuclear Medicine 10/2011

01-12-2011 | Original article

Automated striatal uptake analysis of 18F-FDOPA PET images applied to Parkinson’s disease patients

Authors: I-Cheng Chang, Kun-Han Lue, Hung-Jen Hsieh, Shu-Hsin Liu, Chih-Hao K. Kao

Published in: Annals of Nuclear Medicine | Issue 10/2011

Login to get access

Abstract

Objective

6-[18F]Fluoro-l-DOPA (FDOPA) is a radiopharmaceutical valuable for assessing the presynaptic dopaminergic function when used with positron emission tomography (PET). More specifically, the striatal-to-occipital ratio (SOR) of FDOPA uptake images has been extensively used as a quantitative parameter in these PET studies. Our aim was to develop an easy, automated method capable of performing objective analysis of SOR in FDOPA PET images of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients.

Methods

Brain images from FDOPA PET studies of 21 patients with PD and 6 healthy subjects were included in our automated striatal analyses. Images of each individual were spatially normalized into an FDOPA template. Subsequently, the image slice with the highest level of basal ganglia activity was chosen among the series of normalized images. Also, the immediate preceding and following slices of the chosen image were then selected. Finally, the summation of these three images was used to quantify and calculate the SOR values. The results obtained by automated analysis were compared with manual analysis by a trained and experienced image processing technologist.

Results

The SOR values obtained from the automated analysis had a good agreement and high correlation with manual analysis. The differences in caudate, putamen, and striatum were −0.023, −0.029, and −0.025, respectively; correlation coefficients 0.961, 0.957, and 0.972, respectively.

Conclusions

We have successfully developed a method for automated striatal uptake analysis of FDOPA PET images. There was no significant difference between the SOR values obtained from this method and using manual analysis. Yet it is an unbiased time-saving and cost-effective program and easy to implement on a personal computer.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Kish SJ, Shannak K, Hornykiewicz O. Uneven pattern of dopamine loss in the striatum of patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease: pathophysiologic and clinical implications. N Engl J Med. 1988;318:876–80.PubMedCrossRef Kish SJ, Shannak K, Hornykiewicz O. Uneven pattern of dopamine loss in the striatum of patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease: pathophysiologic and clinical implications. N Engl J Med. 1988;318:876–80.PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Garnett ES, Firnau G, Nahmias C. Dopamine visualized in the basal ganglia of living man. Nature. 1983;305:137–8.PubMedCrossRef Garnett ES, Firnau G, Nahmias C. Dopamine visualized in the basal ganglia of living man. Nature. 1983;305:137–8.PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Nahmias C, Garnett ES, Firnau G, Lang A. Striatal dopamine distribution in parkinsonian patients during life. J Neurol Sci. 1985;69:223–30.PubMedCrossRef Nahmias C, Garnett ES, Firnau G, Lang A. Striatal dopamine distribution in parkinsonian patients during life. J Neurol Sci. 1985;69:223–30.PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Leenders KL, Palmer AJ, Quinn N, Clark JC, Firnau G, Garnett ES, et al. Brain dopamine metabolism in patients with Parkinson’s disease measured with positron emission tomography. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1986;49:853–60.PubMedCrossRef Leenders KL, Palmer AJ, Quinn N, Clark JC, Firnau G, Garnett ES, et al. Brain dopamine metabolism in patients with Parkinson’s disease measured with positron emission tomography. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1986;49:853–60.PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Morrish PK, Sawle GV, Brooks DJ. An [18F]dopa-PET and clinical study of the rate of progression in Parkinson’s disease. Brain. 1996;119:585–91.PubMedCrossRef Morrish PK, Sawle GV, Brooks DJ. An [18F]dopa-PET and clinical study of the rate of progression in Parkinson’s disease. Brain. 1996;119:585–91.PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Takikawa S, Dhawan V, Chaly T, Robeson W, Dahl R, Zanzi I, et al. Input functions for 6-[fluorine-18]fluorodopa quantitation in parkinsonism: comparative studies and clinical correlations. J Nucl Med. 1994;35:955–63.PubMed Takikawa S, Dhawan V, Chaly T, Robeson W, Dahl R, Zanzi I, et al. Input functions for 6-[fluorine-18]fluorodopa quantitation in parkinsonism: comparative studies and clinical correlations. J Nucl Med. 1994;35:955–63.PubMed
7.
go back to reference Ishikawa T, Dhawan V, Chaly T, Margouleff C, Robeson W, Dahl JR, et al. Clinical significance of striatal DOPA decarboxylase activity in Parkinson’s disease. J Nucl Med. 1996;37:216–22.PubMed Ishikawa T, Dhawan V, Chaly T, Margouleff C, Robeson W, Dahl JR, et al. Clinical significance of striatal DOPA decarboxylase activity in Parkinson’s disease. J Nucl Med. 1996;37:216–22.PubMed
8.
go back to reference Ishikawa T, Dhawan V, Kazumata K, Chaly T, Mandel F, Neumeyer J, et al. Comparative nigrostriatal dopaminergic imaging with iodine-123-βCIT-FP/SPECT and fluorine-18-FDOPA/PET. J Nucl Med. 1996;37:1760–5.PubMed Ishikawa T, Dhawan V, Kazumata K, Chaly T, Mandel F, Neumeyer J, et al. Comparative nigrostriatal dopaminergic imaging with iodine-123-βCIT-FP/SPECT and fluorine-18-FDOPA/PET. J Nucl Med. 1996;37:1760–5.PubMed
9.
go back to reference Dhawan V, Ma Y, Pillai V, Spetsieris P, Chaly T, Belakhlef A, et al. Comparative analysis of striatal FDOPA uptake in Parkinson’s disease: ratio method versus graphical approach. J Nucl Med. 2002;43:1324–30.PubMed Dhawan V, Ma Y, Pillai V, Spetsieris P, Chaly T, Belakhlef A, et al. Comparative analysis of striatal FDOPA uptake in Parkinson’s disease: ratio method versus graphical approach. J Nucl Med. 2002;43:1324–30.PubMed
10.
go back to reference Eshuis SA, Maguire RP, Leenders KL, Jonkman S, Jager PL. Comparison of FP-CIT SPECT with F-DOPA PET in patients with de novo and advanced Parkinson’s disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2006;33:200–9.PubMedCrossRef Eshuis SA, Maguire RP, Leenders KL, Jonkman S, Jager PL. Comparison of FP-CIT SPECT with F-DOPA PET in patients with de novo and advanced Parkinson’s disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2006;33:200–9.PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Eshuis SA, Jager PL, Maguire RP, Jonkman S, Dierckx RA, Leenders KL. Direct comparison of FP-CIT SPECT and F-DOPA PET in patients with Parkinson’s disease and healthy controls. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009;36:454–62.PubMedCrossRef Eshuis SA, Jager PL, Maguire RP, Jonkman S, Dierckx RA, Leenders KL. Direct comparison of FP-CIT SPECT and F-DOPA PET in patients with Parkinson’s disease and healthy controls. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009;36:454–62.PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Jokinen P, Helenius H, Rauhala E, Brück A, Eskola O, Rinne JO. Simple ratio analysis of 18F-fluorodopa uptake in striatal subregions separates patients with early Parkinson disease from healthy controls. J Nucl Med. 2009;50:893–9.PubMedCrossRef Jokinen P, Helenius H, Rauhala E, Brück A, Eskola O, Rinne JO. Simple ratio analysis of 18F-fluorodopa uptake in striatal subregions separates patients with early Parkinson disease from healthy controls. J Nucl Med. 2009;50:893–9.PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Huang WS, Chiang YH, Lin JC, Chou YH, Cheng CY, Liu RS. Crossover study of 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT and 18F-FDOPA PET in Parkinson’s disease. J Nucl Med. 2003;44:999–1005.PubMed Huang WS, Chiang YH, Lin JC, Chou YH, Cheng CY, Liu RS. Crossover study of 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT and 18F-FDOPA PET in Parkinson’s disease. J Nucl Med. 2003;44:999–1005.PubMed
14.
go back to reference Friston KJ, Ashburner J, Frith CD, Poline J-B, Heather JD, Frackowiak RSJ. Spatial registration and normalization of images. Hum Brain Mapp. 1995;2:165–89.CrossRef Friston KJ, Ashburner J, Frith CD, Poline J-B, Heather JD, Frackowiak RSJ. Spatial registration and normalization of images. Hum Brain Mapp. 1995;2:165–89.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Ashburner J, Neelin P, Collins DL, Evans A, Friston KJ. Incorporating prior knowledge into image registration. Neuroimage. 1997;6:344–52.PubMedCrossRef Ashburner J, Neelin P, Collins DL, Evans A, Friston KJ. Incorporating prior knowledge into image registration. Neuroimage. 1997;6:344–52.PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Ashburner J, Friston KJ. Nonlinear spatial normalization using basis functions. Hum Brain Mapp. 1999;7:254–66.PubMedCrossRef Ashburner J, Friston KJ. Nonlinear spatial normalization using basis functions. Hum Brain Mapp. 1999;7:254–66.PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Kao CH, Hsu WL, Xie HL, Lin MC, Lan WC, Chao HY. GMP production of [18F]FDOPA and issues concerning its quality analyses as in USP “Fluorodopa F 18 injection”. Ann Nucl Med. 2011;25:309–16.PubMedCrossRef Kao CH, Hsu WL, Xie HL, Lin MC, Lan WC, Chao HY. GMP production of [18F]FDOPA and issues concerning its quality analyses as in USP “Fluorodopa F 18 injection”. Ann Nucl Med. 2011;25:309–16.PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Meyer JH, Gunn RN, Myers R, Grasby PM. Assessment of spatial normalization of PET ligand images using ligand-specific templates. Neuroimage. 1999;9:545–53.PubMedCrossRef Meyer JH, Gunn RN, Myers R, Grasby PM. Assessment of spatial normalization of PET ligand images using ligand-specific templates. Neuroimage. 1999;9:545–53.PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Gispert JD, Pascau J, Reig S, Martínez-Lázaro R, Molina V, García-Barreno P, et al. Influence of the normalization template on the outcome of statistical parametric mapping of PET scans. Neuroimage. 2003;19:601–12.PubMedCrossRef Gispert JD, Pascau J, Reig S, Martínez-Lázaro R, Molina V, García-Barreno P, et al. Influence of the normalization template on the outcome of statistical parametric mapping of PET scans. Neuroimage. 2003;19:601–12.PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Collignon A, Maes F, Delaere D, Vandermeulen D, Suetens P, Marchal G. Automated multi-modality image registration based on information theory. In: Bizais Y, Barillot C, Di Paolo R, editors. Information processing in medical imaging. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1995. p. 263–74. Collignon A, Maes F, Delaere D, Vandermeulen D, Suetens P, Marchal G. Automated multi-modality image registration based on information theory. In: Bizais Y, Barillot C, Di Paolo R, editors. Information processing in medical imaging. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1995. p. 263–74.
21.
go back to reference Studholme C, Hill DLG, Hawkes DJ. An overlap invariant entropy measure of 3D medical image alignment. Pattern Recognit. 1999;32:71–86.CrossRef Studholme C, Hill DLG, Hawkes DJ. An overlap invariant entropy measure of 3D medical image alignment. Pattern Recognit. 1999;32:71–86.CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Evans AC, Collins DL, Mills SR, Brown ED, Kelly RL, Peters TM. 3D statistical neuroanatomical models from 305 MRI volumes. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference; 1993. p. 1813–7. Evans AC, Collins DL, Mills SR, Brown ED, Kelly RL, Peters TM. 3D statistical neuroanatomical models from 305 MRI volumes. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference; 1993. p. 1813–7.
23.
go back to reference Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet. 1986;1:307–10.PubMedCrossRef Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet. 1986;1:307–10.PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Habraken JB, Booij J, Slomka P, Sokole EB, van Royen EA. Quantification and visualization of defects of the functional dopaminergic system using an automatic algorithm. J Nucl Med. 1999;40:1091–7.PubMed Habraken JB, Booij J, Slomka P, Sokole EB, van Royen EA. Quantification and visualization of defects of the functional dopaminergic system using an automatic algorithm. J Nucl Med. 1999;40:1091–7.PubMed
25.
go back to reference Radau PE, Linke R, Slomka PJ, Tatsch K. Optimization of automated quantification of 123I-IBZM uptake in the striatum applied to parkinsonism. J Nucl Med. 2000;41:220–7.PubMed Radau PE, Linke R, Slomka PJ, Tatsch K. Optimization of automated quantification of 123I-IBZM uptake in the striatum applied to parkinsonism. J Nucl Med. 2000;41:220–7.PubMed
26.
go back to reference Buchert R, Berding G, Wilke F, Martin B, von Borczyskowski D, Mester J, et al. IBZM tool: a fully automated expert system for the evaluation of IBZM SPECT studies. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2006;33:1073–83.PubMedCrossRef Buchert R, Berding G, Wilke F, Martin B, von Borczyskowski D, Mester J, et al. IBZM tool: a fully automated expert system for the evaluation of IBZM SPECT studies. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2006;33:1073–83.PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Zubal IG, Early M, Yuan O, Jennings D, Marek K, Seibyl JP. Optimized, automated striatal uptake analysis applied to SPECT brain scans of Parkinson’s disease patients. J Nucl Med. 2007;48:857–64.PubMedCrossRef Zubal IG, Early M, Yuan O, Jennings D, Marek K, Seibyl JP. Optimized, automated striatal uptake analysis applied to SPECT brain scans of Parkinson’s disease patients. J Nucl Med. 2007;48:857–64.PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Mirzaei S, Zakavi R, Rodrigues M, Schwarzgruber T, Brücke T, Bakala J, et al. Fully automated 3D basal ganglia activity measurement in dopamine transporter scintigraphy (Spectalyzer). Ann Nucl Med. 2010;24:295–300.PubMedCrossRef Mirzaei S, Zakavi R, Rodrigues M, Schwarzgruber T, Brücke T, Bakala J, et al. Fully automated 3D basal ganglia activity measurement in dopamine transporter scintigraphy (Spectalyzer). Ann Nucl Med. 2010;24:295–300.PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Seibyl JP. Single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography evaluations of patients with central motor disorders. Semin Nucl Med. 2008;38:274–86.PubMedCrossRef Seibyl JP. Single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography evaluations of patients with central motor disorders. Semin Nucl Med. 2008;38:274–86.PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Adams MC, Turkington TG, Wilson JM, Wong TZ. A systematic review of the factors affecting accuracy of SUV measurements. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010;195:310–20.PubMedCrossRef Adams MC, Turkington TG, Wilson JM, Wong TZ. A systematic review of the factors affecting accuracy of SUV measurements. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010;195:310–20.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Automated striatal uptake analysis of 18F-FDOPA PET images applied to Parkinson’s disease patients
Authors
I-Cheng Chang
Kun-Han Lue
Hung-Jen Hsieh
Shu-Hsin Liu
Chih-Hao K. Kao
Publication date
01-12-2011
Publisher
Springer Japan
Published in
Annals of Nuclear Medicine / Issue 10/2011
Print ISSN: 0914-7187
Electronic ISSN: 1864-6433
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12149-011-0533-8

Other articles of this Issue 10/2011

Annals of Nuclear Medicine 10/2011 Go to the issue