Top

Published in:

01-04-2014 | Review

Creatine supplementation and aging musculoskeletal health

Authors: Darren G. Candow, Philip D. Chilibeck, Scott C. Forbes

Published in: Endocrine | Issue 3/2014

Abstract

Sarcopenia refers to the progressive loss of muscle mass and muscle function and is a contributing factor for cachexia, bone loss, and frailty. Resistance training produces several physiological adaptations which improve aging musculoskeletal health, such as increased muscle and bone mass and strength. The combination of creatine supplementation and resistance training may further lead to greater physiological benefits. We performed meta-analyses which indicate creatine supplementation combined with resistance training has a positive effect on aging muscle mass and upper body strength compared to resistance training alone. Creatine also shows promise for improving bone mineral density and indices of bone biology. The combination of creatine supplementation and resistance training could be an effective intervention to improve aging musculoskeletal health.

A.J. Cruz-Jentoft, J.P. Baeyens, J.M. Bauer, Y. Boirie, T. Cederholm, F. Landi, F.C. Martin, J.P. Michel, Y. Rolland, S.M. Schneider, E. Topinková, M. Vandewoude, M. Zamboni, European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People.: sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Age Ageing 39, 412–423 (2010)PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

R.A. Fielding, B. Vellas, W.J. Evans, S. Bhasin, J.E. Morley, A.B. Newman, G. Abellan van Kan, S. Andrieu, J. Bauer, D. Breuille, T. Cederholm, J. Chandler, C. De Meynard, L. Donini, T. Harris, A. Kannt, F. Keime Guibert, G. Onder, D. Papanicolaou, Y. Rolland, D. Rooks, C. Sieber, E. Souhami, S. Verlaan, M. Zamboni, Sarcopenia: an undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current consensus definition: prevalence, etiology, and consequences. International working group on sarcopenia. J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. 12, 249–256 (2011)PubMedCrossRef

W.J. Evans, J.E. Morley, J. Argilés, C. Bales, V. Baracos, D. Guttridge, A. Jatoi, K. Kalantar-Zadeh, H. Lochs, G. Mantovani, D. Marks, W.E. Mitch, M. Muscaritoli, A. Najand, P. Ponikowski, F. Rossi Fanelli, M. Schambelan, A. Schols, M. Schuster, D. Thomas, R. Wolfe, S.D. Anker, Cachexia: a new definition. Clin Nutr. 27, 793–799 (2008)PubMedCrossRef

G. Crepaldi, S. Maggi, Sarcopenia and osteoporosis: a hazardous duet. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 28, 66–68 (2005)PubMed

A. Clegg, J. Young, S. Iliffe, M.O. Rikkert, K. Rockwood, Frailty in elderly people. Lancet 2, 752–762 (2013)CrossRef

I. Janssen, D.S. Shepard, P.T. Katzmarzyk, R. Roubenhoff, The healthcare costs of sarcopenia in the United States. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 52, 80–85 (2004)PubMedCrossRef

Kohara, K.: Sarcopenia obesity in aging population: current status and future directions for research. Endocrine. Epub ahead of print (2013)

S.C. Forbes, J.P. Little, D.G. Candow, Exercise and nutritional interventions for improving aging muscle health. Endocrine 42, 29–38 (2012)PubMedCrossRef

J.P. Gumucio, C.L. Mendias, Atrogin-1, MuRF-1, and sarcopenia. Endocrine 43, 12–21 (2013)PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

10.

R. Nilwik, T. Snijders, M. Leenders, B.B. Groen, J. van Kranenburg, L.B. Verdijk, L.J. van Loon, The decline in skeletal muscle mass with aging is mainly attributed to a reduction in type II muscle fiber size. Exp. Gerontol. 48, 492–498 (2013)PubMedCrossRef

11.

L.J. Greenlund, K.S. Nair, Sarcopenia—consequences, mechanisms, and potential therapies. Mech. Ageing Dev. 124, 287–299 (2003)PubMedCrossRef

12.

E. Ziv, D. Hu, Genetic variation in insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathways and longevity. Ageing Res Rev. 10, 201–204 (2011)PubMedCrossRef

13.

A.S. Brack, T.A. Rando, Intrinsic changes and extrinsic influences of myogenic stem cell function during aging. Stem Cell Rev. 3, 226–237 (2007)PubMedCrossRef

14.

A.M. Abbatecola, G. Paolisso, P. Fattoretti, W.J. Evans, V. Fiore, L. Dicioccio, F. Lattanzio, Discovering pathways of sarcopenia in older adults: a role for insulin resistance on mitochondria dysfunction. J. Nutr. Health Aging 15, 890–895 (2011)PubMedCrossRef

15.

E. Marzetti, R. Calvani, R. Bernabei, C. Leeuwenburgh, Apoptosis in skeletal myocytes: a potential target for interventions against sarcopenia and physical frailty—a mini-review. Gerontology 58, 99–106 (2012)PubMedCrossRef

16.

M.A. Tarnopolsky, A. Safdar, The potential benefits of creatine and conjugated linoleic acid as adjuncts to resistance training in older adults. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 33, 213–227 (2008)PubMedCrossRef

17.

W.F. Nieuwenhuizen, H. Weenen, P. Rigby, M.M. Hetherington, Older adults and patients in need of nutritional support: review of current treatment options and factors influencing nutritional intake. Clin. Nutr. 29, 160–169 (2010)PubMedCrossRef

18.

M. Wyss, R. Kaddurah-Daouk, Creatine and creatinine metabolism. Physiol. Rev. 80, 1107–1213 (2000)PubMed

19.

R.G. Larsen, D.M. Callahan, S.A. Foulis, J.A. Kent-Braun, Age-related changes in oxidative capacity differ between locomotory muscles and are associated with physical activity behavior. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 37, 88–99 (2012)PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

20.

K.K. McCully, R.A. Fielding, W.J. Evans, J.S. Leigh Jr, J.D. Posner, Relationships between in vivo and in vitro measurements of metabolism in young and old human calf muscles. J. Appl. Physiol. 75, 813–819 (1993)PubMed

21.

P. Möller, J. Bergström, P. Fürst, K. Hellström, Effect of aging on energy-rich phosphagens in human skeletal muscles. Clin. Sci. (Lond) 58, 553–555 (1980)

22.

S.A. Smith, S.J. Montain, R.P. Matott, G.P. Zientara, F.A. Jolesz, R.A. Fielding, Creatine supplementation and age influence muscle metabolism during exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 85, 1349–1356 (1998)PubMed

23.

M.J. Chrusch, P.D. Chilibeck, K.E. Chad, K.S. Davison, D.G. Burke, Creatine supplementation combined with resistance training in older men. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 33, 2111–2117 (2001)PubMedCrossRef

24.

A. Brose, G. Parise, M.A. Tarnopolsky, Creatine supplementation enhances isometric strength and body composition improvements following strength exercise training in older adults. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 58, 11–19 (2003)PubMedCrossRef

25.

M. Tarnopolsky, A. Zimmer, J. Paikin, A. Safdar, A. Aboud, E. Pearce, B. Roy, T. Doherty, Creatine monohydrate and conjugated linoleic acid improves strength and body composition following resistance exercise in older adults. PLoS ONE 2, 991 (2007)CrossRef

26.

D.G. Candow, J.P. Little, P.D. Chilibeck, S. Abeysekara, G.A. Zello, S. Kazachkov, S.M. Cornish, P.H. Yu, Low-dose creatine combined with protein during resistance training in older men. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 40, 1645–1652 (2008)PubMedCrossRef

27.

A.F. Aguiar, R.S. Januario, R.P. Junior, A.M. Gerage, F.L. Pina, M.A. do Nascimento, C.R. Padovani, E.S. Cyrino, Long-term creatine supplementation improves muscular performance during resistance training in older women. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 113, 987–996 (2013)PubMedCrossRef

28.

G. Parise, S. Mihic, D. MacLennan, K.E. Yarasheski, M.A. Tarnopolsky, Effects of acute creatine monohydrate supplementation on leucine kinetics and mixed-muscle protein synthesis. J. Appl. Physiol. 91, 1041–1047 (2001)PubMed

29.

R. Deminice, A.A. Jardao, Creatine supplementation reduces oxidative stress biomarkers after acute exercise in rats. Amino Acids 43, 709–715 (2011)PubMedCrossRef

30.

P. Sestili, C. Martinelli, E. Colombo, E. Barbieri, L. Potenza, S. Sartini, C. Fimognari, Creatine as an antioxidant. Amino Acids 40, 1385–1396 (2011)PubMedCrossRef

31.

A.P. Johnston, M. De Lisio, G. Parise, Resistance training, sarcopenia, and the mitochondrial theory of aging. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 33, 191–199 (2008)PubMedCrossRef

32.

M.G. Bemben, M.S. Witten, J.M. Carter, K.A. Eliot, A.W. Knehans, D.A. Bemben, The effects of supplementation with creatine and protein on muscle strength following a traditional resistance training program in middle-aged and older men. J. Nutr. Health Aging 14, 155–159 (2010)PubMedCrossRef

33.

S. Bermon, P. Venembre, C. Sachet, S. Valour, C. Dolisi, Effects of creatine monohydrate ingestion in sedentary and weight-trained older adults. Acta Physiol. Scand. 164, 147–155 (1998)PubMedCrossRef

34.

B.O. Eijnde, M. Van Leemputte, M. Goris, V. Labarque, Y. Taes, P. Verbessem, L. Vanhees, M. Ramaekers, B. Vanden Eynde, R. Van Schuylenbergh, R. Dom, E.A. Richter, P. Hespel, Effects of creatine supplementation and exercise training on fitness in men 55–75-year-old. J. Appl. Physiol. 95, 818–828 (2003)PubMed

35.

K.A. Eliot, A.W. Knehans, D.A. Bemben, M.S. Witten, J. Carter, M.G. Bemben, The effects of creatine and whey protein supplementation on body composition in men aged 48 to 72 years during resistance training. J. Nutr. Health Aging 12, 208–212 (2008)PubMedCrossRef

36.

D.G. Candow, P.D. Chilibeck, Review: timing of creatine and protein supplementation during resistance training in the elderly. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 33, 184–190 (2008)PubMedCrossRef

37.

M. Neves Jr, B. Guolano, H. Roschel, R. Fuller, F.B. Benatii, A.L. Pinto, F.R. Lima, R.M. Pereira, A.H. Lancha Jr, E. Bonfa, Beneficial effect of creatine supplementation in knee osteoarthritis. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 43, 1538–1543 (2011)PubMedCrossRef

38.

C.J. Hass, M.A. Collins, J.L. Juncos, Resistance training with creatine monohydrate improves upper-body strength in patients with Parkinson disease: a randomized trial. Neurorehabil. Neural Repair 21, 107–115 (2007)PubMedCrossRef

39.

S.J. Deacon, E.E. Vincent, P.L. Greenhaff, J. Fox, M.C. Steiner, S.J. Singh, M.D. Morgan, Randomized controlled trial of dietary creatine as an adjunct therapy to physical training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Care Med. 178, 233–239 (2008)CrossRef

40.

V.A. Cornelissen, J.G.M. Defoor, A. Stevens, D. Schepers, P. Hespel, M. Decramer, L. Mortelmans, F. Dobbels, J. Vanhaecke, R.H. Fagard, L. Vanhees, Effect of creatine supplementation as a potential adjuvant therapy to exercise training in cardiac patients: a randomized controlled trial. Clin. Rehabil. 24, 988–999 (2010)PubMedCrossRef

41.

D.G. Candow, P.D. Chilibeck, Potential of creatine supplementation for improving aging bone health. J. Nutr. Health Aging 14, 149–153 (2010)PubMedCrossRef

42.

M. Louis, J.R. Poortmans, M. Francaux, J. Berre, N. Boisseau, E. Brassine, D.J. Cuthbertson, K. Smith, J.A. Babraj, T. Waddell, M.J. Rennie, No effect of creatine supplementation on human myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic protein synthesis after resistance exercise. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 285, 1089–1094 (2003)

43.

M.A. Tarnopolsky, D.J. Mahoney, J. Vajsar, C. Rodriguez, T.J. Doherty, B.D. Roy, D. Biggar, Creatine monohydrate enhances strength and body composition in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neurology 62, 1771–1777 (2004)PubMedCrossRef

44.

P.D. Chilibeck, M.J. Chrusch, K.E. Chad, S.K. Davison, D.G. Burke, Creatine monohydrate and resistance training increase bone mineral content and density in older men. J. Nutr. Health Aging 9, 352–353 (2005)PubMed

45.

T.J. Beck, L.A. Kohlmeier, M.A. Petit, G. Wu, M.S. Leboff, J.A. Cauley, S. Nicholas, Z. Chen, Confounders in the association between exercise and femur bone in postmenopausal women. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 43, 80–89 (2011)PubMedCrossRef

46.

P.D. Chilibeck, J. Rooke, L. Paus-Jenssen, D. Candow, The effect of creatine monohydrate supplementation combined with resistance training on bone mineral density in older men and women. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 37(S1), S6 (2012)

47.

A. Antolic, B.D. Roy, M.A. Tarnopolsky, R.F. Zernicke, G.R. Wohl, S.G. Shaughnessy, J.M. Bourgeois, Creatine monohyderate increases bone mineral density in young Sprague–Dawley rats. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 39, 816–820 (2007)PubMedCrossRef

48.

R.A. de Souza, M. Xavier, F.F. da Silva, M.T. de Souza, M.G. Tosato, A.A. Martin, J.C. Castilho, W. Ribeiro, L. Silveira Jr, Influence of creatine supplementation on bone quality in the ovariectomized rat model: an FT-Raman spectroscopy study. Lasers Med. Sci. 27, 487–495 (2012)PubMedCrossRef

49.

I. Gerber, I. ap Gwynn, M. Alini, T. Wallimann, Stimulatory effects of creatine on metabolic activity, differentiation and mineralization of primary osteoblast-like cells in monolayer and micromass cell cultures. Eur. Cell Mater. 10, 8–22 (2005)PubMed

50.

D.G. Burke, P.D. Chilibeck, G. Parise, D.G. Candow, D. Mahoney, M. Tarnopolsky, Effect of creatine and weight training on muscle creatine and performance in vegetarians. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 35, 1946–1955 (2003)PubMedCrossRef

51.

H. Yasuda, N. Shima, N. Nakagawa, S.I. Mochizuki, K. Yano, N. Fujise, Y. Sato, M. Goto, K. Yamaguchi, M. Kuriyama, T. Kanno, A. Murakami, E. Tsuda, T. Morinaga, K. Higashio, Identity of osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (OCIF) and osteoprotegerin (OPG): a mechanism by which OPG/OCIF inhibits osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Endocrinology 139, 1329–1337 (1998)PubMed

52.

S.M. Cornish, D.G. Candow, N.T. Jantz, P.D. Chilibeck, J.P. Little, S. Forbes, S. Abeysekara, G.A. Zello, Conjugated linoleic acid combined with creatine monohydrate and whey protein supplementation during strength training. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc. Metab. 19, 79–96 (2009)PubMed

53.

T.W. Buford, R.B. Kreider, J.R. Stout, M. Greenwood, B. Campbell, M. Spano, T. Ziegenfuss, H. Lopez, J. Landis, J. Antonio, International society of sport nutrition position stand: creatine supplementation and exercise. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. 4, 6 (2007)PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

54.

H.J. Kim, C.K. Kim, A. Carpentier, J.R. Poortmans, Studies on the safety of creatine supplementation. Amino Acids 40, 1409–1418 (2011)PubMedCrossRef

55.

R. Jager, M. Purpura, A. Shao, T. Inoue, R.B. Kreider, Analysis of the efficacy, safety, and regulatory status of novel forms of creatine. Amino Acids 40, 1369–1383 (2011)PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

56.

Dietitians of Canada, American College of Sports Medicine, N.R. Rodriguez, N.M. Di Marco, S. Langley, American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Nutrition and athletic performance. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 41, 709–731 (2009)PubMedCrossRef

57.

T. Wallimann, M. Tokarska-Schlattner, U. Schlattner, The creatine kinase system and pleiotropic effects of creatine. Amino Acids 40, 1271–1296 (2011)PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

58.

J.R. Poortmans, A. Kumps, P. Duez, A. Fofonka, A. Carpentier, M. Francaux, Effect of oral creatine supplementation on urinary methylamine, formaldehyde, and formate. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 37, 1717–1720 (2005)PubMedCrossRef

59.

D.G. Burke, S. Silver, L.E. Holt, T. Smith Palmer, C.J. Culligan, P.D. Chilibeck, The effect of continuous low dose creatine supplementation on force, power, and total work. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc. Metab. 10, 235–244 (2000)PubMed

60.

T. Klopstock, M. Elstner, A. Bender, Creatine in mouse models of neurodegeneration and aging. Amino Acids 40, 1297–1303 (2011)PubMedCrossRef

61.

E.S. Rawson, A.C. Venezia, Use of creatine in the elderly and evidence for effects on cognition function in young and old. Amino Acids 40, 1349–1362 (2011)PubMedCrossRef

Title: Creatine supplementation and aging musculoskeletal health
Authors: Darren G. Candow
Philip D. Chilibeck
Scott C. Forbes
Publication date: 01-04-2014
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Endocrine / Issue 3/2014
Print ISSN: 1355-008X
Electronic ISSN: 1559-0100
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-013-0070-4

Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Reserve your place

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin

Prof. Florian Limbourg

Prof. Anoop Chauhan

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

2024 ASCO Annual Meeting

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 3/2014

Relationships of serum soluble E-selectin concentration with insulin sensitivity and metabolic flexibility in lean and obese women

The association of SCGB3A2 polymorphisms with the risk of Graves’ disease: a meta-analysis

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a diabetologist’s perspective

Anti-hypertensive treatment in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: current management and therapeutic features

Prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy has consequences for bone

Fenofibrate increases serum vaspin by upregulating its expression in adipose tissue

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

At a glance: The STEP trials