Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
Published in: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology 2/2008

01-04-2008

Inflammatory Mediators in the Immunobiology of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Authors: Rita M. Ryan, Qadeer Ahmed, Satyan Lakshminrusimha

Published in: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology | Issue 2/2008

Login to get access

Abstract

Inflammation is important in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Polymorphonuclear cells and macrophages and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines denote early inflammation in clinical scenarios such as in utero inflammation with chorioamnionitis or initial lung injury associated with respiratory distress syndrome or ventilator-induced lung injury. The persistence and non-resolution of lung inflammation contributes greatly to BPD, including altering the lung’s ability to repair, contributing to fibrosis, and inhibiting secondary septation, alveolarization, and normal vascular development. Further understanding of the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of BPD, in particular, during the chronic inflammatory period, offers us the opportunity to develop inflammation-related prevention and treatment strategies of this disease that has long-standing consequences for very premature infants.
Literature
1.
2.
Jobe AH, Bancalari E (2001) Am J Respir Crit Care Med 163:1723–1729PubMed
3.
4.
Hack M, Horbar JD, Malloy MH, Tyson JE, Wright E, Wright L (1991) Pediatrics 87:587–597PubMed
5.
Shennan AT, Dunn MS, Ohlsson A, Lennox K, Hoskins EM (1988) Pediatrics 82:527–532PubMed
6.
Walsh MC, Yao Q, Gettner P, Hale E, Collins M, Hensman A, Everette R, Peters N, Miller N, Muran G, Auten K, Newman N, Rowan G, Grisby C, Arnell K, Miller L, Ball B, McDavid G (2004) Pediatrics 114:1305–1311PubMedCrossRef
7.
8.
9.
10.
Lemons JA, Bauer CR, Oh W, Korones SB, Papile LA, Stoll BJ, Verter J, Temprosa M, Wright LL, Ehrenkranz RA, Fanaroff AA, Stark A, Carlo W, Tyson JE, Donovan EF, Shankaran S, Stevenson DK (2001) Pediatrics 107:E1PubMedCrossRef
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Veness-Meehan KA, Rhodes DN, Stiles AD (1994) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 11:509–516PubMed
17.
D’Angio CT, Finkelstein JN, Lomonaco MB, Paxhia A, Wright SA, Baggs RB, Notter RH, Ryan RM (1997) Am J Physiol 272:L720–L730PubMed
18.
19.
Warner BB, Stuart LA, Papes RA, Wispe JR (1998) Am J Physiol 275:L110–L117PubMed
20.
Charafeddine L, D’Angio CT, Richards JL, Stripp BR, Finkelstein JN, Orlowski CC, LoMonaco MB, Paxhia A, Ryan RM (1999) Am J Physiol 276:L105–L113PubMed
21.
Auten RL Jr, Mason SN, Tanaka DT, Welty-Wolf K, Whorton MH (2001) Am J Physiol 281:L336–L344
22.
Belik J, Jankov RP, Pan J, Tanswell AK (2003) J Appl Physiol 94:2303–2312PubMed
23.
Yi M, Jankov RP, Belcastro R, Humes D, Copland I, Shek S, Sweezey NB, Post M, Albertine KH, Auten RL, Tanswell AK (2004) Am J Respir Crit Care Med 170:1188–1196PubMedCrossRef
24.
Wagenaar GT, ter Horst SA, van Gastelen MA, Leijser LM, Mauad T, van der Velden PA, de Heer E, Hiemstra PS, Poorthuis BJ, Walther FJ (2004) Free Radic Biol Med 36:782–801PubMedCrossRef
25.
Thebaud B, Ladha F, Michelakis ED, Sawicka M, Thurston G, Eaton F, Hashimoto K, Harry G, Haromy A, Korbutt G, Archer SL (2005) Circulation 112:2477–2486PubMedCrossRef
26.
deLemos RA, Coalson JJ, Gerstmann DR, Kuehl TJ, Null DM Jr (1987) Am Rev Respir Dis 136:677–682PubMed
27.
28.
Coalson JJ, Winter VT, Gerstmann DR, Idell S, King RJ, Delemos RA (1992) Am Rev Respir Dis 145:872–881PubMed
29.
Pierce RA, Albertine KH, Starcher BC, Bohnsack JF, Carlton DP, Bland RD (1997) Am J Physiol 272:L452–L460PubMed
30.
Albertine KH, Jones GP, Starcher BC, Bohnsack JF, Davis PL, Cho SC, Carlton DP, Bland RD (1999) Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159:945–958PubMed
31.
Coalson JJ, Winter VT, Siler-Khodr T, Yoder BA (1999) Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160:1333–1346PubMed
32.
Bonikos DS, Bensch KG, Northway WH Jr, Edwards DK (1976) Human Pathol 7:643–666CrossRef
33.
34.
Sobonya RE, Logvinoff MM, Taussig LM, Theriault A (1982) Pediatric Res 16:969–972CrossRef
35.
36.
Finkelstein JN, Horowitz S, Sinkin RA, Ryan RM (1992) Clin Perinatol 19:603–620PubMed
37.
38.
Margraf LR, Tomashefski JF Jr, Bruce MC, Dahms BB (1991) Am Rev Respir Dis 143:391–400PubMed
39.
40.
Langston C, Kida K, Reed M, Thurlbeck WM (1984) Am Rev Respir Dis 129:607–613PubMed
41.
42.
Groneck P, Gotze-Speer B, Oppermann M, Eiffert H, Speer CP (1994) Pediatrics 93:712–718PubMed
43.
Merritt TA, Stuard ID, Puccia J, Wood B, Edwards DK, Finkelstein J, Shapiro DL (1981) J Pediatr 98:949–956PubMedCrossRef
44.
Ogden BE, Murphy SA, Saunders GC, Pathak D, Johnson JD (1984) Am Rev Respir Dis 130:817–821PubMed
45.
46.
47.
Fox RB, Hoidal JR, Brown DM, Repine JE (1981) Am Rev Respir Dis 123:521–523PubMed
48.
49.
50.
Crapo JD, Barry BE, Foscue HA, Shelburne J (1980) Am Rev Respir Dis 122:123–143PubMed
51.
52.
Ogden BE, Murphy S, Saunders GC, Johnson JD (1983) Chest 83:31S–33SPubMed
53.
54.
Crapo JD, Freeman BA, Barry BE, Turrens JF, Young SL (1983) Physiologist 26:170–176PubMed
55.
56.
57.
Hanna N, Vasquez P, Pham P, Heck DE, Laskin JD, Laskin DL, Weinberger B (2005) Pediatr Res 57:56–62PubMedCrossRef
58.
Kotecha S, Mildner RJ, Prince LR, Vyas JR, Currie AE, Lawson RA, Whyte MK (2003) Thorax 58:961–967PubMedCrossRef
59.
60.
Kinsella JP, Parker TA, Galan H, Sheridan BC, Halbower AC, Abman SH (1997) Pediatr Res 41:457–463PubMedCrossRef
61.
62.
Wolkoff LI, Levine CR, Koo HC, LaGamma EF, Pollack S, Chester D, Bashore J, Davis JM (2002) Lung 180:229–239PubMedCrossRef
63.
64.
Jackson JC, Chi EY, Wilson CB, Truog WE, Teh EC, Hodson WA (1987) Am Rev Respir Dis 135:937–940PubMed
65.
Froese AB, McCulloch PR, Sugiura M, Vaclavik S, Possmayer F, Moller F (1993) Am Rev Respir Dis 148:569–577PubMed
66.
67.
68.
Jones CA, Cayabyab RG, Kwong KY, Stotts C, Wong B, Hamdan H, Minoo P, deLemos RA (1996) Pediatr Res 39:966–975PubMedCrossRef
69.
Ballabh P, Simm M, Kumari J, Krauss AN, Jain A, Auld PA, Cunningham-Rundles S (2003) Am J Perinatol 20:465–475PubMedCrossRef
70.
71.
Chandra A, Enkhbaatar P, Nakano Y, Traber LD, Traber DL (2006) Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 61:71–76
72.
73.
74.
Welty SE, Rivera JL, Elliston JF, Smith CV, Zeb T, Ballantyne CM, Montgomery CA, Hansen TN (1993) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 9:393–400PubMed
75.
76.
77.
Kotecha S, Silverman M, Shaw RJ, Klein N (1998) Arch Dis Child 78:F143–F147CrossRef
78.
Nupponen I, Pesonen E, Andersson S, Makela A, Turunen R, Kautiainen H, Repo H (2002) Pediatrics 110:36–41PubMedCrossRef
79.
Ballabh P, Simm M, Kumari J, Krauss AN, Jain A, Califano C, Lesser ML, Cunningham-Rundles S (2004) Arch Dis Child 89:F76–F83
80.
Kotecha S, Chan B, Azam N, Silverman M, Shaw RJ (1995) Arch Dis Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed 72:F90–F96PubMedCrossRef
81.
Dreyfuss D, Saumon G (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157:294–323PubMed
82.
83.
Hernandez LA, Peevy KJ, Moise AA, Parker JC (1989) J Appl Physiol 66:2364–2368PubMed
84.
85.
Muscedere JG, Mullen JB, Gan K, Slutsky AS (1994) Am J Respir Crit Care Med 149:1327–1334PubMed
86.
Deng H, Mason SN, Auten RL Jr (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162:2316–2323PubMed
87.
88.
89.
90.
Bourbia A, Cruz MA, Rozycki HJ (2006) Arch Dis Child 91:F36–F39
91.
92.
93.
94.
Vozzelli MA, Mason SN, Whorton MH, Auten RL Jr (2004) Am J Physiol 286:L488–L493
95.
Watts DH, Krohn MA, Hillier SL, Eschenbach DA (1992) Obstet Gynecol 79:351–357PubMed
96.
Viscardi RM, Muhumuza CK, Rodriguez A, Fairchild KD, Sun CC, Gross GW, Campbell AB, Wilson PD, Hester L, Hasday JD (2004) Pediatr Res 55:1009–1017PubMedCrossRef
97.
Romero R, Mazor M, Wu YK, Sirtori M, Oyarzun E, Mitchell MD, Hobbins JC (1988) Semin Perinatol 12:262–279PubMed
98.
Romero R, Gomez R, Ghezzi F, Yoon BH, Mazor M, Edwin SS, Berry SM (1998) Am J Obstet Gynecol 179:186–193PubMedCrossRef
99.
Witt A, Berger A, Gruber CJ, Petricevic L, Apfalter P, Worda C, Husslein P (2005) Am J Obstet Gynecol 193:1663–1669PubMedCrossRef
100.
101.
Gomez R, Ghezzi F, Romero R, Munoz H, Tolosa JE, Rojas I (1995) Clin Perinatol 22:281–342PubMed
102.
Viscardi RM, Atamas SP, Luzina IG, Hasday JD, He JR, Sime PJ, Coalson JJ, Yoder BA (2006) Pediatr Res 60:141–146PubMedCrossRef
103.
104.
105.
Schmidt B, Cao L, Mackensen-Haen S, Kendziorra H, Klingel K, Speer CP (2001) Am J Obstet Gynecol 185:173–177PubMedCrossRef
106.
Yoon BH, Romero R, Kim CJ, Jun JK, Gomez R, Choi JH, Syn HC (1995) Am J Obstet Gynecol 172:960–970PubMedCrossRef
107.
Yoon BH, Romero R, Jun JK, Park KH, Park JD, Ghezzi F, Kim BI (1997) Am J Obstet Gynecol 177:825–830PubMedCrossRef
108.
Cayabyab RG, Jones CA, Kwong KY, Hendershott C, Lecart C, Minoo P, Ramanathan R (2003) J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 14:205–211PubMedCrossRef
109.
Curley AE, Sweet DG, Thornton CM, O’Hara MD, Chesshyre E, Pizzotti J, Wilbourn MS, Halliday HL, Warner JA (2003) Am J Obstet Gynecol 188:871–875PubMedCrossRef
110.
Curley AE, Sweet DG, MacMahon KJ, O’Connor CM, Halliday HL (2004) Arch Dis Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed 89:F61–F64PubMedCrossRef
111.
112.
Watterberg KL, Demers LM, Scott SM, Murphy S (1996) Pediatrics 97:210–215PubMed
113.
114.
115.
116.
Ogunyemi D, Murillo M, Jackson U, Hunter N, Alperson B (2003) J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 13:102–109PubMedCrossRef
117.
Hannaford K, Todd DA, Jeffery H, John E, Blyth K, Gilbert GL (1999) Arch Dis Child 81:F162–F167
118.
119.
120.
Fung G, Bawden K, Chow P, Yu V (2003) Ann Acad Med Singap 32:305–310PubMed
121.
Morales WJ, Washington SR 3rd, Lazar AJ (1987) J Perinatol 7:105–110PubMed
122.
Matsuda T, Nakajima T, Hattori S, Hanatani K, Fukazawa Y, Kobayashi K, Fujimoto S (1997) Am J Obstet Gynecol 177:1402–1407PubMedCrossRef
123.
Hitti J, Krohn MA, Patton DL, Tarczy-Hornoch P, Hillier SL, Cassen EM, Eschenbach DA (1997) Am J Obstet Gynecol 177:50–56PubMedCrossRef
124.
Ghezzi F, Gomez R, Romero R, Yoon BH, Edwin SS, David C, Janisse J, Mazor M (1998) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 78:5–10PubMedCrossRef
125.
126.
Jobe AH, Newnham JP, Willet KE, Moss TJ, Gore Ervin M, Padbury JF, Sly P, Ikegami M (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162:1656–1661PubMed
127.
Bachurski CJ, Ross GF, Ikegami M, Kramer BW, Jobe AH (2001) Am J Physiol 280:L279–L285
128.
Kallapur SG, Willet KE, Jobe AH, Ikegami M, Bachurski CJ (2001) Am J Physiol 280:L527–L536
129.
Kramer BW, Kramer S, Ikegami M, Jobe AH (2002) Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 283:L452–L459PubMed
130.
Kramer BW, Moss TJ, Willet KE, Newnham JP, Sly PD, Kallapur SG, Ikegami M, Jobe AH (2001) Am J Respir Crit Care Med 164:982–988PubMed
131.
132.
Emerson GA, Bry K, Hallman M, Jobe AH, Wada N, Ervin MG, Ikegami M (1997) Biol Neonate 72:370–379PubMedCrossRef
133.
Willet KE, Kramer BW, Kallapur SG, Ikegami M, Newnham JP, Moss TJ, Sly PD, Jobe AH (2002) Am J Physiol 282:L411–L420
134.
135.
Kallapur SG, Moss TJ, Ikegami M, Jasman RL, Newnham JP, Jobe AH (2005) Am J Respir Crit Care Med 172:1315–1321PubMedCrossRef
136.
Kunzmann S, Speer CP, Jobe AH, Kramer BW (2007) Am J Physiol 292:L223–L231
137.
Chaiworapongsa T, Romero R, Kim JC, Kim YM, Blackwell SC, Yoon BH, Gomez R (2002) Am J Obstet Gynecol 186:1178–1182PubMedCrossRef
138.
An H, Nishimaki S, Ohyama M, Haruki A, Naruto T, Kobayashi N, Sugai T, Kobayashi Y, Mori M, Seki K, Yokota S (2004) Am J Obstet Gynecol 191:1649–1654PubMedCrossRef
139.
140.
141.
Merritt TA, Cochrane CG, Holcomb K, Bohl B, Hallman M, Strayer D, Edwards DK 3rd, Gluck L (1983) J Clin Invest 72:656–666PubMedCrossRef
142.
143.
Bruce MC, Wedig KE, Jentoft N, Martin RJ, Cheng PW, Boat TF, Fanaroff AA (1985) Am Rev Respir Dis 131:568–572PubMed
144.
Altiok O, Yasumatsu R, Bingol-Karakoc G, Riese RJ, Stahlman MT, Dwyer W, Pierce RA, Bromme D, Weber E, Cataltepe S (2006) Am J Respir Crit Care Med 173:318–326PubMedCrossRef
145.
Yasumatsu R, Altiok O, Benarafa C, Yasumatsu C, Bingol-Karakoc G, Remold-O’Donnell E, Cataltepe S (2006) Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 291:L619–L627PubMedCrossRef
146.
Ricou B, Nicod L, Lacraz S, Welgus HG, Suter PM, Dayer JM (1996) Am J Respir Crit Care Med 154:346–352PubMed
147.
148.
Cederqvist K, Sorsa T, Tervahartiala T, Maisi P, Reunanen K, Lassus P, Andersson S (2001) Pediatrics 108:686–692PubMedCrossRef
149.
Cederqvist K, Haglund C, Heikkila P, Hollenberg MD, Karikoski R, Andersson S (2005) Pediatr Res 57:831–836PubMedCrossRef
150.
Cederqvist K, Haglund C, Heikkila P, Sorsa T, Tervahartiala T, Stenman UH, Andersson S (2003) Pediatrics 112:570–577PubMedCrossRef
151.
152.
153.
Speer CP, Johnston RB Jr (1998) Neutrophil function in newborn infants. In: Polin RA, Fox WW (eds) Fetal and neonatal physiology. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 1954–1960
154.
Speer CP, Ambruso DR, Grimsley J, Johnston RB Jr (1985) Infect Immun 50:919–921PubMed
155.
156.
157.
Kojima T, Hattori K, Hirata Y, Aoki T, Sasai-Takedatsu M, Kino M, Kobayashi Y (1996) Pediatr Res 39:112–116PubMedCrossRef
158.
159.
160.
161.
Inder TE, Graham P, Sanderson K, Taylor BJ (1994) Arch Dis Child 70:F107–F111CrossRef
162.
Inder TE, Darlow BA, Sluis KB, Winterbourn CC, Graham P, Sanderson KJ, Taylor BJ (1996) Acta Paediatr 85:1116–1122PubMedCrossRef
163.
164.
165.
Wolfson M, Shinwell ES, Zvillich M, Rager-Zisman B (1988) Clin Exp Immunol 72:505–509PubMed
166.
167.
168.
169.
Patel A, Ryan R, Lakshminrusimha S, Wynn KA, Nielsen L, Wang H, Kumar VH (2006) E-PAS 59:5560.333
170.
Rosenfeld W, Evans H, Concepcion L, Jhaveri R, Schaeffer H, Friedman A (1984) J Pediatr 105:781–785PubMedCrossRef
171.
172.
Davis JM, Rosenfeld WN, Richter SE, Parad MR, Gewolb IH, Spitzer AR, Carlo WA, Couser RJ, Price A, Flaster E, Kassem N, Edwards L, Tierney J, Horowitz S (1997) Pediatrics 100:24–30PubMedCrossRef
173.
Chang LY, Subramaniam M, Yoder BA, Day BJ, Ellison MC, Sunday ME, Crapo JD (2003) Am J Respir Crit care Med 167:57–64PubMedCrossRef
174.
175.
176.
Jobe A, Jacobs H, Ikegami M, Berry D (1985) J Appl Physiol 58:1246–1251PubMed
177.
Yoder MC Jr, Chua R, Tepper R (1991) Am Rev Respir Dis 143:1044–1048PubMed
178.
179.
Avery GB, Fletcher AB, Kaplan M, Brudno DS (1985) Pediatrics 75:106–111PubMed
180.
181.
Ballabh P, Simm M, Kumari J, Califano C, Aghai Z, Laborada G, Sison C, Cunningham-Rundles S (2003) Pediatr Pulmonol 35:392–399PubMedCrossRef
182.
183.
184.
185.
186.
Homeister JW, Zhang M, Frenette PS, Hynes RO, Wagner DD, Lowe JB, Marks RM (1998) Blood 92:2345–2352PubMed
187.
Bhuta T, Ohlsson A (1998) Arch Dis Child 79:F26–F33
188.
Cole CH, Colton T, Shah BL, Abbasi S, MacKinnon BL, Demissie S, Frantz ID 3rd (1999) N Engl J Med 340:1005–1010PubMedCrossRef
189.
190.
191.
Dugas MA, Nguyen D, Frenette L, Lachance C, St-Onge O, Fougeres A, Belanger S, Caouette G, Proulx E, Racine MC, Piedboeuf B (2005) Pediatrics 115:e566–e572PubMedCrossRef
192.
193.
194.
195.
196.
197.
198.
Walsh MC, Szefler S, Davis J, Allen M, Van Marter L, Abman S, Blackmon L, Jobe A (2006) Pediatrics 117:S52–S56PubMed
199.
Viscardi RM, Hasday JD, Gumpper KF, Taciak V, Campbell AB, Palmer TW (1997) Am J Respir Crit Care Med 156:1523–1529PubMed
200.
201.
202.
203.
Lecart C, Cayabyab R, Buckley S, Morrison J, Kwong KY, Warburton D, Ramanathan R, Jones CA, Minoo P (2000) Biol Neonate 77:217–223PubMedCrossRef
204.
205.
206.
Waheed S, D’Angio CT, Wagner CL, Madtes DK, Finkelstein JN, Paxhia A, Ryan RM (2002) Exp Lung Res 28:361–372PubMedCrossRef
207.
Le Cras TD, Hardie WD, Fagan K, Whitsett JA, Korfhagen TR (2003) Am J Physiol 285:L1046–L1054
208.
Hardie WD, Le Cras TD, Jiang K, Tichelaar JW, Azhar M, Korfhagen TR (2004) Am J Physiol 286:L741–L749
209.
210.
O’Brodovich HM, Mellins RB (1985) Am Rev Respir Dis 132:694–709PubMed
211.
Metadata
Title
Inflammatory Mediators in the Immunobiology of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors
Rita M. Ryan
Qadeer Ahmed
Satyan Lakshminrusimha
Publication date
01-04-2008
Publisher
Humana Press Inc
Published in
Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology / Issue 2/2008
Print ISSN: 1080-0549
Electronic ISSN: 1559-0267
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-007-8031-4

Other articles of this Issue 2/2008

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology 2/2008 Go to the issue

OriginalPaper

The Immune Response to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: Friend or Foe?

OriginalPaper

Chronic Inflammation in the Cystic Fibrosis Lung: Alterations in Inter- and Intracellular Signaling

OriginalPaper

A Review of Non-Cystic Fibrosis Pediatric Bronchiectasis

OriginalPaper

Exercise-induced Bronchospasm In Children

OriginalPaper

Host Factors in Amniotic Fluid and Breast Milk that Contribute to Gut Maturation

OriginalPaper

Smoking Cessation: Significance and Implications for Children
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Reserve your place

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

Read more

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine
Image Credits