Top

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®

Published in:

01-06-2010 | Basic Research

Distribution of Lubricin in the Ruptured Human Rotator Cuff and Biceps Tendon: A Pilot Study

Authors: Tadanao Funakoshi, MD, PhD, Scott D. Martin, MD, Thomas M. Schmid, PhD, Myron Spector, PhD

Published in: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® | Issue 6/2010

Abstract

Background

Lubricin is a lubricant for diarthrodial joint tissues and has antiadhesion properties; its presence in the (caprine) rotator cuff suggests it may have a role in intrafascicular lubrication.

Questions/Purposes

To preliminarily address this role, we asked: (1) What is the distribution of lubricin in human ruptured supraspinatus and biceps tendons? (2) What are the potential cellular sources of lubricin?

Methods

We obtained seven torn rotator cuff samples and four torn biceps tendon samples from 10 patients; as control tissues, we obtained the right and left supraspinatus tendons from each of six cadavers. Specimens were fixed in formalin and processed for immunohistochemical evaluation using a monoclonal antibody for lubricin.

Results

We found lubricin as a discrete layer on the torn edges of all of the ruptured supraspinatus and biceps tendon samples. None of the transected edges of the tissues produced during excision of the tissues showed the presence of lubricin. Lubricin was found in 3% to 10% of the tendon cells in the cadaveric controls and in 1% to 29% of the tendon cells in the torn supraspinatus and biceps tendon samples.

Clinical Relevance

The lubricin layer on the torn edges of ruptured human supraspinatus and biceps tendons may interfere with the integrative bonding of the torn edges necessary for repair.

Berthelot JM. Could rheumatoid arthritis result from an abnormal T cell response towards lubricin/superficial zone protein? Med Hypotheses. 2004;62:894–897.CrossRefPubMed

Carpenter JE, Thomopoulos S, Flanagan CL, DeBano CM, Soslowsky LJ. Rotator cuff defect healing: a biomechanical and histologic analysis in an animal model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1998;7:599–605.CrossRefPubMed

Codman EA. The Shoulder. Boston, MA: Thomas Todd; 1934.

Craig E. Open anterior acromioplasty for full thickness rotator cuff tears. In: Craig E, ed. The Shoulder. New York, NY: Rowan Press; 1995:21–27.

DeFranco MJ, Bershadsky B, Ciccone J, Yum JK, Iannotti JP. Functional outcome of arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs: a correlation of anatomic and clinical results. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2007;16:759–765.CrossRefPubMed

Englert C, McGowan KB, Klein TJ, Giurea A, Schumacher BL, Sah RL. Inhibition of integrative cartilage repair by proteoglycan 4 in synovial fluid. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:1091–1099.CrossRefPubMed

Flannery CR, Hughes CE, Schumacher BL, Tudor D, Aydelotte MB, Kuettner KE, Caterson B. Articular cartilage superficial zone protein (SZP) is homologous to megakaryocyte stimulating factor precursor and is a multifunctional proteoglycan with potential growth-promoting, cytoprotective, and lubricating properties in cartilage metabolism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999;254:535–541.CrossRefPubMed

Funakoshi T, Schmid T, Hsu HP, Spector M. Lubricin distribution in the goat infraspinatus tendon: a basis for interfascicular lubrication. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90:803–814.CrossRefPubMed

Goodmurphy CW, Osborn J, Akesson EJ, Johnson S, Stanescu V, Regan WD. An immunocytochemical analysis of torn rotator cuff tendon taken at the time of repair. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2003;12:368–374.CrossRefPubMed

10.

Grad S, Lee CR, Gorna K, Gogolewski S, Wimmer MA, Alini M. Surface motion upregulates superficial zone protein and hyaluronan production in chondrocyte-seeded three-dimensional scaffolds. Tissue Eng. 2005;11:249–256.CrossRefPubMed

11.

Hawkins RH. The rotator cuff and biceps tendon. In: Evarts M, ed. Surgery of the Musculoskeletal System. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 1983.

12.

Hawkins RJ, Misamore GW, Hobeika PE. Surgery for full-thickness rotator-cuff tears. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1985;67:1349–1355.PubMed

13.

Iannotti JP. Full-thickness rotator cuff tears: factors affecting surgical outcome. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1994;2:87–95.PubMed

14.

Jay GD, Tantravahi U, Britt DE, Barrach HJ, Cha CJ. Homology of lubricin and superficial zone protein (SZP): products of megakaryocyte stimulating factor (MSF) gene expression by human synovial fibroblasts and articular chondrocytes localized to chromosome 1q25. J Orthop Res. 2001;19:677–687.CrossRefPubMed

15.

Jay GD, Torres JR, Warman ML, Laderer MC, Breuer KS. The role of lubricin in the mechanical behavior of synovial fluid. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007;104:6194–6199.CrossRefPubMed

16.

Jones ARC, Flannery CR. Bioregulation of lubricin expression by growth factors and cytokines. Eur Cell Mater. 2007;13:40–45.PubMed

17.

Kobayashi M, Itoi E, Minagawa H, Miyakoshi N, Takahashi S, Tuoheti Y, Okada K, Shimada Y. Expression of growth factors in the early phase of supraspinatus tendon healing in rabbits. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2006;15:371–377.CrossRefPubMed

18.

Koshima H, Kondo S, Mishima S, Choi HR, Shimpo H, Sakai T, Ishiguro N. Expression of interleukin-1beta, cyclooxygenase-2, and prostaglandin E2 in a rotator cuff tear in rabbits. J Orthop Res. 2007;25:92–97.CrossRefPubMed

19.

Longo UG, Franceschi F, Ruzzini L, Rabitti C, Morini S, Maffulli N, Denaro V. Histopathology of the supraspinatus tendon in rotator cuff tears. Am J Sports Med. 2008;36:533–538.CrossRefPubMed

20.

Matthews TJ, Hand GC, Rees JL, Athanasou NA, Carr AJ. Pathology of the torn rotator cuff tendon. Reduction in potential for repair as tear size increases. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2006;88:489–495.CrossRefPubMed

21.

Osawa T, Shinozaki T, Takagishi K. Multivariate analysis of biochemical markers in synovial fluid from the shoulder joint for diagnosis of rotator cuff tears. Rheumatology Int. 2005;25:436–441.CrossRef

22.

Premdas J, Tang J-B, Warner JP, Meaney Murray M, Spector M. The presence of smooth muscle actin in fibroblasts in the torn human rotator cuff. J Orthop Res. 2001;19:221–228.CrossRefPubMed

23.

Rees SG, Davies JR, Tudor D, Flannery CR, Hughes CE, Dent CM, Caterson B. Immunolocalisation and expression of proteoglycan 4 (cartilage superficial zone proteoglycan) in tendon. Matrix Biol. 2002;21:593–602.CrossRefPubMed

24.

Rhee DK, Marcelino J, Baker M, Gong Y, Smits P, Lefebvre V, Jay GD, Stewart M, Wang H, Warman ML, Carpten JD. The secreted glycoprotein lubricin protects cartilage surfaces and inhibits synovial cell overgrowth. J Clin Invest. 2005;115:622–631.PubMed

25.

Sakai H, Fujita K, Sakai Y, Mizuno K. Immunolocalization of cytokines and growth factors in subacromial bursa of rotator cuff tear patients. Kobe J Med Sci. 2001;47:25–34.PubMed

26.

Schumacher BL, Block JA, Schmid TM, Aydelotte MB, Kuettner KE. A novel proteoglycan synthesized and secreted by chondrocytes of the superficial zone of articular cartilage. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1994;311:144–152.CrossRefPubMed

27.

Su JL, Schumacher BL, Lindley KM, Soloveychik V, Burkhart W, Triantafillou JA, Kuettner K, Schmid T. Detection of superficial zone protein in human and animal body fluids by cross-species monoclonal antibodies specific to superficial zone protein. Hybridoma. 2001;20:149–157.CrossRefPubMed

28.

Sun Y, Berger EJ, Zhao C, An KN, Amadio PC, Jay G. Mapping lubricin in canine musculoskeletal tissues. Connect Tissue Res. 2006;47:215–221.CrossRefPubMed

29.

Sun Y, Berger EJ, Zhao C, Jay GD, An KN, Amadio PC. Expression and mapping of lubricin in canine flexor tendon. J Orthop Res. 2006;24:1861–1868.CrossRefPubMed

30.

Swann DA, Silver FH, Slayter HS, Stafford W, Shore E. The molecular structure and lubricating activity of lubricin isolated from bovine and human synovial fluids. Biochem J. 1985;225:195–201.PubMed

31.

Swann DA, Slayter HS, Silver FH. The molecular structure of lubricating glycoprotein-I, the boundary lubricant for articular cartilage. J Biol Chem. 1981;256:5921–5925.PubMed

32.

Thomopoulos S, Hattersley G, Rosen V, Mertens M, Galatz L, Williams GR, Soslowsky LJ. The localized expression of extracellular matrix components in healing tendon insertion sites: an in situ hybridization study. J Orthop Res. 2002;20:454–463.CrossRefPubMed

33.

Voloshin I, Gelinas J, Maloney MD, O’Keefe RJ, Bigliani LU, Blaine TA. Proinflammatory cytokines and metalloproteases are expressed in the subacromial bursa in patients with rotator cuff disease. Arthroscopy. 2005;21:1076.CrossRefPubMed

34.

Wipff PJ, Rifkin DB, Meister JJ, Hinz B. Myofibroblast contraction activates latent TGF-beta1 from the extracellular matrix. J Cell Biol. 2007;179:1311–1323.CrossRefPubMed

35.

Zhang D, Johnson LJ, Hsu HP, Spector M. Cartilaginous deposits in subchondral bone in regions of exposed bone in osteoarthritis of the human knee: histomorphometric study of PRG4 distribution in osteoarthritic cartilage. J Orthop Res. 2007;25:873–883.CrossRefPubMed

Title: Distribution of Lubricin in the Ruptured Human Rotator Cuff and Biceps Tendon: A Pilot Study
Authors: Tadanao Funakoshi, MD, PhD
Scott D. Martin, MD
Thomas M. Schmid, PhD
Myron Spector, PhD
Publication date: 01-06-2010
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® / Issue 6/2010
Print ISSN: 0009-921X
Electronic ISSN: 1528-1132
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-009-1108-z

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Distribution of Lubricin in the Ruptured Human Rotator Cuff and Biceps Tendon: A Pilot Study

Abstract

Background

Questions/Purposes

Methods

Results

Clinical Relevance

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Questions/Purposes

Methods

Results

Clinical Relevance

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 6/2010

The Effect of Hypercholesterolemia on Rotator Cuff Disease

Case Report: Reconstruction of the Distal Tibia with Porous Tantalum Spacer after Resection for Giant Cell Tumor

Does an Arthroscopic Suture Bridge Technique Maintain Repair Integrity?: A Serial Evaluation by Ultrasonography

Reply to Letter to the Editor: New Equations for Predicting Postoperative Risk in Patients with Hip Fracture

Isokinetic Muscle Performance Test Can Predict the Status of Rotator Cuff Muscle

Partial-thickness Articular Surface Rotator Cuff Tears: An All-inside Repair Technique