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Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine
Published in: Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine 2/2017

Open Access 01-02-2017 | Valvular Heart Disease (J Dal-Bianco, Section Editor)

Group A Streptococcus, Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease: Epidemiology and Clinical Considerations

Authors: Liesl J. Zühlke, MB ChB DCH FCPaeds Cert Card MPH FESC PhD, Andrea Beaton, MD, Mark E. Engel, BSc(MED) Hons MPH PhD, Christopher T. Hugo-Hamman, MBChB DCH FCPaeds MA, Ganesan Karthikeyan, MBBS DM MSc, Judith M. Katzenellenbogen, BSc (Occ Ther) BSc Hons (Epidemiol) M Sc PhD, Ntobeko Ntusi, BSc(hons) MBChB FCP(SA) DPhil, Anna P. Ralph, BMedSci MBBS (Hons) MPH DTMH FRACP PhD, Anita Saxena, MBBS MD DM FACC FCS, Pierre R. Smeesters, MD PhD, David Watkins, MD MPH MD PHD, Peter Zilla, MD PhD, Jonathan Carapetis, BMedSc MBBS FRACP FAFPHM FAHMS PhD

Published in: Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine | Issue 2/2017

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Opinion statement

Early recognition of group A streptococcal pharyngitis and appropriate management with benzathine penicillin using local clinical prediction rules together with validated rapi-strep testing when available should be incorporated in primary health care. A directed approach to the differential diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever now includes the concept of low-risk versus medium-to-high risk populations. Initiation of secondary prophylaxis and the establishment of early medium to long-term care plans is a key aspect of the management of ARF. It is a requirement to identify high-risk individuals with RHD such as those with heart failure, pregnant women, and those with severe disease and multiple valve involvement. As penicillin is the mainstay of primary and secondary prevention, further research into penicillin supply chains, alternate preparations and modes of delivery is required.
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Metadata
Title
Group A Streptococcus, Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease: Epidemiology and Clinical Considerations
Authors
Liesl J. Zühlke, MB ChB DCH FCPaeds Cert Card MPH FESC PhD
Andrea Beaton, MD
Mark E. Engel, BSc(MED) Hons MPH PhD
Christopher T. Hugo-Hamman, MBChB DCH FCPaeds MA
Ganesan Karthikeyan, MBBS DM MSc
Judith M. Katzenellenbogen, BSc (Occ Ther) BSc Hons (Epidemiol) M Sc PhD
Ntobeko Ntusi, BSc(hons) MBChB FCP(SA) DPhil
Anna P. Ralph, BMedSci MBBS (Hons) MPH DTMH FRACP PhD
Anita Saxena, MBBS MD DM FACC FCS
Pierre R. Smeesters, MD PhD
David Watkins, MD MPH MD PHD
Peter Zilla, MD PhD
Jonathan Carapetis, BMedSc MBBS FRACP FAFPHM FAHMS PhD
Publication date
01-02-2017
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine / Issue 2/2017
Print ISSN: 1092-8464
Electronic ISSN: 1534-3189
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11936-017-0513-y

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