Training in Robotic Surgery—an Overview

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go back to reference •• K. Ahmed, R. Khan, A. Mottrie, C. Lovegrove, R. Abaza, R. Ahlawat, T. Ahlering, G. Ahlgren, W. Artibani, E. Barret, X. Cathelineau, B. Challacombe, P. Coloby, M. S. Khan, J. Hubert, M. S. Michel, F. Montorsi, D. Murphy, J. Palou, V. Patel, P.-T. Piechaud, H. Van Poppel, P. Rischmann, R. Sanchez-Salas, S. Siemer, M. Stoeckle, J.-U. Stolzenburg, J.-E. Terrier, J. W. Thüroff, C. Vaessen, H. G. Van Der Poel, B. Van Cleynenbreugel, A. Volpe, C. Wagner, P. Wiklund, T. Wilson, M. Wirth, J. Witt, and P. Dasgupta, Development of a standardised training curriculum for robotic surgery: a consensus statement from an international multidisciplinary group of experts, BJU Int., vol. 116, no. 1, pp. 93–101, Jul. 2015. This study provides a structured pathway for training with validated development protocol. However, it fails to provide benchmarks for progression. •• K. Ahmed, R. Khan, A. Mottrie, C. Lovegrove, R. Abaza, R. Ahlawat, T. Ahlering, G. Ahlgren, W. Artibani, E. Barret, X. Cathelineau, B. Challacombe, P. Coloby, M. S. Khan, J. Hubert, M. S. Michel, F. Montorsi, D. Murphy, J. Palou, V. Patel, P.-T. Piechaud, H. Van Poppel, P. Rischmann, R. Sanchez-Salas, S. Siemer, M. Stoeckle, J.-U. Stolzenburg, J.-E. Terrier, J. W. Thüroff, C. Vaessen, H. G. Van Der Poel, B. Van Cleynenbreugel, A. Volpe, C. Wagner, P. Wiklund, T. Wilson, M. Wirth, J. Witt, and P. Dasgupta, Development of a standardised training curriculum for robotic surgery: a consensus statement from an international multidisciplinary group of experts, BJU Int., vol. 116, no. 1, pp. 93–101, Jul. 2015. This study provides a structured pathway for training with validated development protocol. However, it fails to provide benchmarks for progression.

go back to reference • C. Lovegrove, G. Novara, A. Mottrie, K. A. Guru, M. Brown, B. Challacombe, R. Popert, J. Raza, H. Van der Poel, J. Peabody, P. Dasgupta, and K. Ahmed, Structured and modular training pathway for robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP): validation of the RARP assessment score and learning curve assessment, Eur. Urol., vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 526–535, Mar. 2016. This study provides a structured modular pathway for training in RARP that can be modified for other robotic procedures. • C. Lovegrove, G. Novara, A. Mottrie, K. A. Guru, M. Brown, B. Challacombe, R. Popert, J. Raza, H. Van der Poel, J. Peabody, P. Dasgupta, and K. Ahmed, Structured and modular training pathway for robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP): validation of the RARP assessment score and learning curve assessment, Eur. Urol., vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 526–535, Mar. 2016. This study provides a structured modular pathway for training in RARP that can be modified for other robotic procedures.

go back to reference Stegemann AP, Ahmed K, Syed JR, Rehman S, Ghani K, Autorino R, et al. Fundamental skills of robotic surgery: a multi-institutional randomized controlled trial for validation of a simulation-based curriculum. Urology. Apr. 2013;81(4):767–74.CrossRefPubMed Stegemann AP, Ahmed K, Syed JR, Rehman S, Ghani K, Autorino R, et al. Fundamental skills of robotic surgery: a multi-institutional randomized controlled trial for validation of a simulation-based curriculum. Urology. Apr. 2013;81(4):767–74.CrossRefPubMed

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go back to reference Kilic GS, Walsh TM, Borahay M, Zeybek B, Wen M, Breitkopf D. Effect of residents’ previous laparoscopic surgery experience on initial robotic suturing experience. ISRN Obstet Gynecol. Jan. 2012;2012:569456.PubMedPubMedCentral Kilic GS, Walsh TM, Borahay M, Zeybek B, Wen M, Breitkopf D. Effect of residents’ previous laparoscopic surgery experience on initial robotic suturing experience. ISRN Obstet Gynecol. Jan. 2012;2012:569456.PubMedPubMedCentral

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go back to reference Louridas M, Quinn LE, Grantcharov TP. Predictive value of background experiences and visual spatial ability testing on laparoscopic baseline performance among residents entering postgraduate surgical training. Surg Endosc. Mar. 2016;30(3):1126–33.CrossRefPubMed Louridas M, Quinn LE, Grantcharov TP. Predictive value of background experiences and visual spatial ability testing on laparoscopic baseline performance among residents entering postgraduate surgical training. Surg Endosc. Mar. 2016;30(3):1126–33.CrossRefPubMed

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go back to reference Kesavadas T, Stegemann A, Sathyaseelan G, Chowriappa A, Srimathveeravalli G, Seixas-Mikelus S, et al. Validation of robotic surgery simulator (RoSS). Stud Health Technol Inform. Jan. 2011;163:274–6.PubMed Kesavadas T, Stegemann A, Sathyaseelan G, Chowriappa A, Srimathveeravalli G, Seixas-Mikelus S, et al. Validation of robotic surgery simulator (RoSS). Stud Health Technol Inform. Jan. 2011;163:274–6.PubMed

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go back to reference Seixas-Mikelus SA, Stegemann AP, Kesavadas T, Srimathveeravalli G, Sathyaseelan G, Chandrasekhar R, et al. Content validation of a novel robotic surgical simulator. BJU Int. Apr. 2011;107(7):1130–5.CrossRefPubMed Seixas-Mikelus SA, Stegemann AP, Kesavadas T, Srimathveeravalli G, Sathyaseelan G, Chandrasekhar R, et al. Content validation of a novel robotic surgical simulator. BJU Int. Apr. 2011;107(7):1130–5.CrossRefPubMed

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go back to reference T. Alzahrani, R. Haddad, A. Alkhayal, J. Delisle, L. Drudi, W. Gotlieb, S. Fraser, S. Bergman, F. Bladou, S. Andonian, and M. Anidjar, Validation of the da Vinci Surgical Skill Simulator across three surgical disciplines, Can. Urol. Assoc. J., vol. 7, no. 7–8, p. 520, Jul. 2013. T. Alzahrani, R. Haddad, A. Alkhayal, J. Delisle, L. Drudi, W. Gotlieb, S. Fraser, S. Bergman, F. Bladou, S. Andonian, and M. Anidjar, Validation of the da Vinci Surgical Skill Simulator across three surgical disciplines, Can. Urol. Assoc. J., vol. 7, no. 7–8, p. 520, Jul. 2013.

go back to reference Liss MA, Abdelshehid C, Quach S, Lusch A, Graversen J, Landman J, et al. Validation, correlation, and comparison of the da Vinci Trainer ™ and the da Vinci Surgical Skills Simulator ™ using the Mimic ™ software for urologic robotic surgical education. J Endourol. Dec. 2012;26(12):1629–34.CrossRefPubMed Liss MA, Abdelshehid C, Quach S, Lusch A, Graversen J, Landman J, et al. Validation, correlation, and comparison of the da Vinci Trainer ™ and the da Vinci Surgical Skills Simulator ™ using the Mimic ™ software for urologic robotic surgical education. J Endourol. Dec. 2012;26(12):1629–34.CrossRefPubMed

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go back to reference • N. Raison, K. Ahmed, N. Fossati, N. Buffi, A. Mottrie, P. Dasgupta, and H. Van Der Poel, Competency based training in robotic surgery: benchmark scores for virtual reality robotic simulation, BJU Int., vol. 119, no. 5, pp. 804–811, May 2017. This study provides important benchmarks for progression in VR simulation training. • N. Raison, K. Ahmed, N. Fossati, N. Buffi, A. Mottrie, P. Dasgupta, and H. Van Der Poel, Competency based training in robotic surgery: benchmark scores for virtual reality robotic simulation, BJU Int., vol. 119, no. 5, pp. 804–811, May 2017. This study provides important benchmarks for progression in VR simulation training.

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go back to reference • N. Y. Siddiqui, M. L. Galloway, E. J. Geller, I. C. Green, H.-C. Hur, K. Langston, M. C. Pitter, M. E. Tarr, M. A. Martino, and C. to, Validity and reliability of the robotic objective structured assessment of technical skills HHS Public Access, Obs. Gynecol, vol. 123, no. 6, pp. 1193–1199, 2014. This study provides important benchmarks for progression in drylab simulation training. • N. Y. Siddiqui, M. L. Galloway, E. J. Geller, I. C. Green, H.-C. Hur, K. Langston, M. C. Pitter, M. E. Tarr, M. A. Martino, and C. to, Validity and reliability of the robotic objective structured assessment of technical skills HHS Public Access, Obs. Gynecol, vol. 123, no. 6, pp. 1193–1199, 2014. This study provides important benchmarks for progression in drylab simulation training.

go back to reference •• N. Y. Siddiqui, M. E. Tarr, E. J. Geller, A. P. Advincula, M. L. Galloway, I. C. Green, H.-C. Hur, M. C. Pitter, E. E. Burke, and M. A. Martino, Establishing benchmarks for minimum competence with dry lab robotic surgery drills, 2016. This study validates the benchmarks suggested previously. •• N. Y. Siddiqui, M. E. Tarr, E. J. Geller, A. P. Advincula, M. L. Galloway, I. C. Green, H.-C. Hur, M. C. Pitter, E. E. Burke, and M. A. Martino, Establishing benchmarks for minimum competence with dry lab robotic surgery drills, 2016. This study validates the benchmarks suggested previously.

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