Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Current Psychiatry Reports 1/2017

01-01-2017 | Bipolar Disorders (R Hirschfeld, Section Editor)

Treatment of Functional Impairment in Patients with Bipolar Disorder

Authors: Jose Sanchez-Moreno, Anabel Martinez-Aran, Eduard Vieta

Published in: Current Psychiatry Reports | Issue 1/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

Traditionally, functional impairment has received little attention in bipolar disorder, despite the fact that many patients experience significant impairments in daily life. In the last decade, research has changed its focus from clinical remission to functional recovery in bipolar patients as a priority. A literature review of this topic will allow us provide an overview of the relevance of functional impairment as well as the potential factors that can predict or contribute to low functioning in bipolar disorder (BD). Treatment approaches should consider not only euthymia as a goal but also cognitive and functional improvement of patients with such a complex disorder. Functional remediation and psychoeducation among psychological interventions may help to enhance functioning. The combination of cognitive enhancers and cognitive/functional remediation programs may help in improving cognitive and functional impairments. Early interventions are essential to prevent cognitive deficits and disability.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Catalá-López F, Gènova-Maleras R, Vieta E, Tabarés-Seisdedos R. The increasing burden of mental and neurological disorders. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013;23(11):1337–9.CrossRefPubMed Catalá-López F, Gènova-Maleras R, Vieta E, Tabarés-Seisdedos R. The increasing burden of mental and neurological disorders. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013;23(11):1337–9.CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Merikangas KR, Jin R, He JP, et al. Prevalence and correlates of bipolar spectrum disorder in the world mental health survey initiative. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68:241–51.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Merikangas KR, Jin R, He JP, et al. Prevalence and correlates of bipolar spectrum disorder in the world mental health survey initiative. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68:241–51.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
3.
go back to reference Rosa AR, Franco C, Martínez-Aran A, Sánchez-Moreno J, Reinares M, Salamero M, et al. Functional impairment in patients with remitted bipolar disorder. Psychother Psychosom. 2008;77(6):390–2.CrossRefPubMed Rosa AR, Franco C, Martínez-Aran A, Sánchez-Moreno J, Reinares M, Salamero M, et al. Functional impairment in patients with remitted bipolar disorder. Psychother Psychosom. 2008;77(6):390–2.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Rosa AR, Reinares M, Franco C, Comes M, Torrent C, Sánchez-Moreno J, et al. Clinical predictors of functional outcome of bipolar patients in remission. Bipolar Disord. 2009;11(4):401–9.CrossRefPubMed Rosa AR, Reinares M, Franco C, Comes M, Torrent C, Sánchez-Moreno J, et al. Clinical predictors of functional outcome of bipolar patients in remission. Bipolar Disord. 2009;11(4):401–9.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Bonnin CM, Sanchez-Moreno J, Martinez-Aran A, Sole B, Reinares M, Rosa AR, et al. Subthreshold symptoms in bipolar disorder: impact on neurocognition, quality of life and disability. J Affect Disord. 2012;136(3):650–59.CrossRefPubMed Bonnin CM, Sanchez-Moreno J, Martinez-Aran A, Sole B, Reinares M, Rosa AR, et al. Subthreshold symptoms in bipolar disorder: impact on neurocognition, quality of life and disability. J Affect Disord. 2012;136(3):650–59.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference •• Grande I, Berk M, Birmaher B, Vieta E. Bipolar disorder. Lancet. 2016;387(10027):1561–72. Current knowledge about research and future directions on bipolar disorder.CrossRefPubMed •• Grande I, Berk M, Birmaher B, Vieta E. Bipolar disorder. Lancet. 2016;387(10027):1561–72. Current knowledge about research and future directions on bipolar disorder.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Rosa AR, Reinares M, Amann B, Popovic D, Franco C, Comes M, et al. Six-month functional outcome of a bipolar disorder cohort in the context of a specialized-care program. Bipolar Disord. 2011;13(7–8):679–86.CrossRefPubMed Rosa AR, Reinares M, Amann B, Popovic D, Franco C, Comes M, et al. Six-month functional outcome of a bipolar disorder cohort in the context of a specialized-care program. Bipolar Disord. 2011;13(7–8):679–86.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Rosa AR, Reinares M, Michalak EE, Bonnin CM, Sole B, Franco C, et al. Functional impairment and disability across mood states in bipolar disorder. Value Health. 2010;13(8):984–8.CrossRefPubMed Rosa AR, Reinares M, Michalak EE, Bonnin CM, Sole B, Franco C, et al. Functional impairment and disability across mood states in bipolar disorder. Value Health. 2010;13(8):984–8.CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Moreno C, Hasin DS, Arango C, Oquendo MA, Vieta E, Liu S, et al. Depression in bipolar disorder versus major depressive disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Bipolar Disord. 2012;14(3):271–82.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Moreno C, Hasin DS, Arango C, Oquendo MA, Vieta E, Liu S, et al. Depression in bipolar disorder versus major depressive disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Bipolar Disord. 2012;14(3):271–82.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
11.
go back to reference van der Voort TY, Seldenrijk A, van Meijel B, Goossens PJ, Beekman AT, Penninx BW, et al. Functional versus syndromal recovery in patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2015;76(6):e809–14.CrossRefPubMed van der Voort TY, Seldenrijk A, van Meijel B, Goossens PJ, Beekman AT, Penninx BW, et al. Functional versus syndromal recovery in patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2015;76(6):e809–14.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Alonso J, Petukhova M, Vilagut G, Chatterji S, Heeringa S, Üstün TB, et al. Days out of role due to common physical and mental conditions: results from the WHO World Mental Health surveys. Mol Psychiatry. 2011;16(12):1234–4.CrossRefPubMed Alonso J, Petukhova M, Vilagut G, Chatterji S, Heeringa S, Üstün TB, et al. Days out of role due to common physical and mental conditions: results from the WHO World Mental Health surveys. Mol Psychiatry. 2011;16(12):1234–4.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Grande I, Goikolea JM, de Dios C, González-Pinto A, Montes JM, Saiz-Ruiz J, et al. Occupational disability in bipolar disorder: analysis of predictors of being on severe disablement benefit (PREBIS study data). Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2013;127(5):403–11.CrossRefPubMed Grande I, Goikolea JM, de Dios C, González-Pinto A, Montes JM, Saiz-Ruiz J, et al. Occupational disability in bipolar disorder: analysis of predictors of being on severe disablement benefit (PREBIS study data). Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2013;127(5):403–11.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Zarate Jr CA, Tohen M, Land M, Cavanagh S. Functional impairment and cognition in bipolar disorder. Psychiatr Q. 2000;71(4):309–29.CrossRefPubMed Zarate Jr CA, Tohen M, Land M, Cavanagh S. Functional impairment and cognition in bipolar disorder. Psychiatr Q. 2000;71(4):309–29.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Sanchez-Moreno J, Martinez-Aran A, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Torrent C, Vieta E, Ayuso-Mateos JL. Functioning and disability in bipolar disorder: an extensive review. Psychother Psychosom. 2009;78(5):285–97.CrossRefPubMed Sanchez-Moreno J, Martinez-Aran A, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Torrent C, Vieta E, Ayuso-Mateos JL. Functioning and disability in bipolar disorder: an extensive review. Psychother Psychosom. 2009;78(5):285–97.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Rosa AR, González-Ortega I, González-Pinto A, Echeburúa E, Comes M, Martínez-Àran A, et al. One-year psychosocial functioning in patients in the early vs. late stage of bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2012;125(4):335–41.CrossRefPubMed Rosa AR, González-Ortega I, González-Pinto A, Echeburúa E, Comes M, Martínez-Àran A, et al. One-year psychosocial functioning in patients in the early vs. late stage of bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2012;125(4):335–41.CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Tohen M, Zarate Jr CA, Hennen J, Khalsa HM, Strakowski SM, Gebre-Medhin P, et al. The McLean-Harvard First-Episode Mania Study: prediction of recovery and first recurrence. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160(12):2099–107.CrossRefPubMed Tohen M, Zarate Jr CA, Hennen J, Khalsa HM, Strakowski SM, Gebre-Medhin P, et al. The McLean-Harvard First-Episode Mania Study: prediction of recovery and first recurrence. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160(12):2099–107.CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Suppes T, Leverich GS, Keck PE, Nolen WA, Denicoff KD, Altshuler LL, et al. The Stanley Foundation Bipolar Treatment Outcome Network. II. Demographics and illness characteristics of the first 261 patients. J Affect Disord. 2001;67(1–3):45–59.CrossRefPubMed Suppes T, Leverich GS, Keck PE, Nolen WA, Denicoff KD, Altshuler LL, et al. The Stanley Foundation Bipolar Treatment Outcome Network. II. Demographics and illness characteristics of the first 261 patients. J Affect Disord. 2001;67(1–3):45–59.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Goetz I, Tohen M, Reed C, Lorenzo M, Vieta E, EMBLEM Advisory Board. Functional impairment in patients with mania: baseline results of the EMBLEM study. Bipolar Disord. 2007;9(1–2):45–52.CrossRefPubMed Goetz I, Tohen M, Reed C, Lorenzo M, Vieta E, EMBLEM Advisory Board. Functional impairment in patients with mania: baseline results of the EMBLEM study. Bipolar Disord. 2007;9(1–2):45–52.CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Vieta E. The bipolar maze: a roadmap through translational psychopathology. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2014;129(5):323–7.CrossRefPubMed Vieta E. The bipolar maze: a roadmap through translational psychopathology. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2014;129(5):323–7.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference • Reinares M, Papachristou E, Harvey P, et al. Towards a clinical staging for bipolar disorder: defining patient subtypes based on functional outcome. J Affect Disord. 2013;144(1–2):65–71. This study shows the first empirically derived staging classification of bipolar disorder based on illness severity and cognitive function dimensions.CrossRefPubMed • Reinares M, Papachristou E, Harvey P, et al. Towards a clinical staging for bipolar disorder: defining patient subtypes based on functional outcome. J Affect Disord. 2013;144(1–2):65–71. This study shows the first empirically derived staging classification of bipolar disorder based on illness severity and cognitive function dimensions.CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Bonnin CM, Martinez-Aran A, Torrent C, et al. Clinical and neurocognitive predictors of functional outcome in bipolar euthymic patients: a long-term, follow-up study. J Affect Disord. 2010;121(1–2):156–60.CrossRefPubMed Bonnin CM, Martinez-Aran A, Torrent C, et al. Clinical and neurocognitive predictors of functional outcome in bipolar euthymic patients: a long-term, follow-up study. J Affect Disord. 2010;121(1–2):156–60.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Bowie CR, Depp C, McGrath JA, Wolyniec P, Mausbach BT, Thornquist MH, et al. Prediction of real-world functional disability in chronic mental disorders: a comparison of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167(9):1116–24.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Bowie CR, Depp C, McGrath JA, Wolyniec P, Mausbach BT, Thornquist MH, et al. Prediction of real-world functional disability in chronic mental disorders: a comparison of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167(9):1116–24.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
go back to reference Strejilevich SA, Martino DJ, Murru A, Teitelbaum J, Fassi G, Marengo E, et al. Mood instability and functional recovery in bipolar disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2013;128(3):194–202.CrossRefPubMed Strejilevich SA, Martino DJ, Murru A, Teitelbaum J, Fassi G, Marengo E, et al. Mood instability and functional recovery in bipolar disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2013;128(3):194–202.CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference •• Bonnin CM, Gonzalez-Pinto A, Sole B, Reinares M, Gonzalez-Ortega I, Alberich S, et al. Verbal memory as a mediator in the relationship between subthreshold depressive symptoms and functional outcome in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord. 2014;160:50–4. This study demonstrates the role of verbal memory as a mediator of the relationship of subthreshold symptoms predicting the functional outcome.CrossRef •• Bonnin CM, Gonzalez-Pinto A, Sole B, Reinares M, Gonzalez-Ortega I, Alberich S, et al. Verbal memory as a mediator in the relationship between subthreshold depressive symptoms and functional outcome in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord. 2014;160:50–4. This study demonstrates the role of verbal memory as a mediator of the relationship of subthreshold symptoms predicting the functional outcome.CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Huxley N, Baldessarini RJ. Disability and its treatment in bipolar disorder patients. Bipolar Disord. 2007;9(1–2):183–96.CrossRefPubMed Huxley N, Baldessarini RJ. Disability and its treatment in bipolar disorder patients. Bipolar Disord. 2007;9(1–2):183–96.CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Sanchez-Moreno J, Martinez-Aran A, Gadelrab HF, Cabello M, Torrent C, Bonnin Cdel M, et al. The role and impact of contextual factors on functioning in patients with bipolar disorder. Disabil Rehabil. 2010;32 Suppl 1:S94–S104.CrossRefPubMed Sanchez-Moreno J, Martinez-Aran A, Gadelrab HF, Cabello M, Torrent C, Bonnin Cdel M, et al. The role and impact of contextual factors on functioning in patients with bipolar disorder. Disabil Rehabil. 2010;32 Suppl 1:S94–S104.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Gyulai L, Bauer MS, Marangell LB, Dennehy EB, Thase ME, Otto MW, et al. Correlates of functioning in bipolar disorder. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2008;41(4):51–64.PubMed Gyulai L, Bauer MS, Marangell LB, Dennehy EB, Thase ME, Otto MW, et al. Correlates of functioning in bipolar disorder. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2008;41(4):51–64.PubMed
29.
go back to reference Tohen M, Frank E, Bowden CL, Colom F, Ghaemi SN, Yatham LN, et al. The International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) Task Force report on the nomenclature of course and outcome in bipolar disorders. Bipolar Disord. 2009;11(5):453–73.CrossRefPubMed Tohen M, Frank E, Bowden CL, Colom F, Ghaemi SN, Yatham LN, et al. The International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) Task Force report on the nomenclature of course and outcome in bipolar disorders. Bipolar Disord. 2009;11(5):453–73.CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference •• Gade K, Malzahn D, Anderson-Schmidt H, Strohmaier J, Meier S, Frank J, et al. Functional outcome in major psychiatric disorders and associated clinical and psychosocial variables: a potential cross-diagnostic phenotype for further genetic investigations? World J Biol Psychiatry. 2015;16(4):237–48. This study demonstrates the relevance of functional outcome in major psychiatric disorders.CrossRefPubMed •• Gade K, Malzahn D, Anderson-Schmidt H, Strohmaier J, Meier S, Frank J, et al. Functional outcome in major psychiatric disorders and associated clinical and psychosocial variables: a potential cross-diagnostic phenotype for further genetic investigations? World J Biol Psychiatry. 2015;16(4):237–48. This study demonstrates the relevance of functional outcome in major psychiatric disorders.CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Martinez-Aran A, Vieta E. Cognition as a target in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2015;25(2):151–7.CrossRefPubMed Martinez-Aran A, Vieta E. Cognition as a target in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2015;25(2):151–7.CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference •• Moore RC, Harmell AL, Harvey PD, Bowie CR, Depp CA, Pulver AE, et al. Improving the understanding of the link between cognition and functional capacity in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schizophr Res. 2015;169(1–3):121–7. This study demonstrates the complex relationship between cognitive and functional impairments in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral •• Moore RC, Harmell AL, Harvey PD, Bowie CR, Depp CA, Pulver AE, et al. Improving the understanding of the link between cognition and functional capacity in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schizophr Res. 2015;169(1–3):121–7. This study demonstrates the complex relationship between cognitive and functional impairments in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
33.
go back to reference Martínez-Arán A, Vieta E, Colom F, et al. Cognitive impairment in euthymic bipolar patients: implications for clinical and functional outcome. Bipolar Disord. 2004;6:224–32.CrossRefPubMed Martínez-Arán A, Vieta E, Colom F, et al. Cognitive impairment in euthymic bipolar patients: implications for clinical and functional outcome. Bipolar Disord. 2004;6:224–32.CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Martinez-Aran A, Vieta E, Torrent C, et al. Functional outcome in bipolar disorder: the role of clinical and cognitive factors. Bipolar Disord. 2007;9(1–2):103–13.CrossRefPubMed Martinez-Aran A, Vieta E, Torrent C, et al. Functional outcome in bipolar disorder: the role of clinical and cognitive factors. Bipolar Disord. 2007;9(1–2):103–13.CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Martino DJ, Strejilevich SA, Scápola M, Igoa A, Marengo E, Ais ED, et al. Heterogeneity in cognitive functioning among patients with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord. 2008;109(1–2):149–56.CrossRefPubMed Martino DJ, Strejilevich SA, Scápola M, Igoa A, Marengo E, Ais ED, et al. Heterogeneity in cognitive functioning among patients with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord. 2008;109(1–2):149–56.CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Forcada I, Papachristou E, Mur M, Christodoulou T, Jogia J, Reichenberg A, et al. The impact of general intellectual ability and white matter volume on the functional outcome of patients with Bipolar Disorder and their relatives. J Affect Disord. 2011;130(3):413–20.CrossRefPubMed Forcada I, Papachristou E, Mur M, Christodoulou T, Jogia J, Reichenberg A, et al. The impact of general intellectual ability and white matter volume on the functional outcome of patients with Bipolar Disorder and their relatives. J Affect Disord. 2011;130(3):413–20.CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference •• Forcada I, Mur M, Mora E, Vieta E, Bartrés-Faz D, Portella MJ. The influence of cognitive reserve on psychosocial and neuropsychological functioning in bipolar disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2015;25(2):214–22. This study demonstrates the relevance of cognitive reserve on the functional outcome in bipolar disorder.CrossRefPubMed •• Forcada I, Mur M, Mora E, Vieta E, Bartrés-Faz D, Portella MJ. The influence of cognitive reserve on psychosocial and neuropsychological functioning in bipolar disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2015;25(2):214–22. This study demonstrates the relevance of cognitive reserve on the functional outcome in bipolar disorder.CrossRefPubMed
38.
go back to reference •• Anaya C, Torrent C, Caballero FF, Vieta E, Bonnin CD, Ayuso-Mateos JL. Cognitive reserve in bipolar disorder: relation to cognition, psychosocial functioning and quality of life. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2016;133(5):386–98. This study demonstrates the relationship between cognitive reserve, cognitive impairment and functional outcome in bipolar disorder.CrossRefPubMed •• Anaya C, Torrent C, Caballero FF, Vieta E, Bonnin CD, Ayuso-Mateos JL. Cognitive reserve in bipolar disorder: relation to cognition, psychosocial functioning and quality of life. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2016;133(5):386–98. This study demonstrates the relationship between cognitive reserve, cognitive impairment and functional outcome in bipolar disorder.CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference Arbuckle R, Frye MA, Brecher M, Paulsson B, Rajagopalan K, Palmer S, et al. The psychometric validation of the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) in patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2009;165(1–2):163–74.CrossRefPubMed Arbuckle R, Frye MA, Brecher M, Paulsson B, Rajagopalan K, Palmer S, et al. The psychometric validation of the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) in patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2009;165(1–2):163–74.CrossRefPubMed
40.
go back to reference Rosa AR, Sánchez-Moreno J, Martínez-Aran A, Salamero M, Torrent C, Reinares M, et al. Validity and reliability of the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) in bipolar disorder. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2007;3:5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Rosa AR, Sánchez-Moreno J, Martínez-Aran A, Salamero M, Torrent C, Reinares M, et al. Validity and reliability of the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) in bipolar disorder. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2007;3:5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
41.
go back to reference Mausbach BT, Harvey PD, Goldman SR, Jeste DV, Patterson TL. Development of a brief scale of everyday functioning in persons with serious mental illness. Schizophr Bull. 2007;33(6):1364–72.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Mausbach BT, Harvey PD, Goldman SR, Jeste DV, Patterson TL. Development of a brief scale of everyday functioning in persons with serious mental illness. Schizophr Bull. 2007;33(6):1364–72.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
42.
go back to reference Ghaemi SN, Gilmer WS, Dunn RT, Hanlon RE, Kemp DE, Bauer AD, et al. A double-blind, placebo- controlled pilot study of galantamine to improve cognitive dysfunction in minimally symptomatic bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009;29(3):291–5.CrossRefPubMed Ghaemi SN, Gilmer WS, Dunn RT, Hanlon RE, Kemp DE, Bauer AD, et al. A double-blind, placebo- controlled pilot study of galantamine to improve cognitive dysfunction in minimally symptomatic bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009;29(3):291–5.CrossRefPubMed
43.
go back to reference •• Sanches M, Bauer IE, Galvez JF, Zunta-Soares GB, Soares JC. The management of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder: current status and perspectives. Am J Ther. 2015;22(6):477–86. This study reviews mainly the pharmacological treatments for cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral •• Sanches M, Bauer IE, Galvez JF, Zunta-Soares GB, Soares JC. The management of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder: current status and perspectives. Am J Ther. 2015;22(6):477–86. This study reviews mainly the pharmacological treatments for cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
44.
go back to reference Burdick KE, Braga RJ, Nnadi CU, Shaya Y, Stearns WH, Malhotra AK. Placebo-controlled adjunctive trial of pramipexole in patients with bipolar disorder: targeting cognitive dysfunction. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012;73(1):103–12.CrossRefPubMed Burdick KE, Braga RJ, Nnadi CU, Shaya Y, Stearns WH, Malhotra AK. Placebo-controlled adjunctive trial of pramipexole in patients with bipolar disorder: targeting cognitive dysfunction. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012;73(1):103–12.CrossRefPubMed
45.
go back to reference Miskowiak KW, Vinberg M, Glerup L, Paulson OB, Knudsen GM, Ehrenreich H, et al. Neural correlates of improved executive function following erythropoietin treatment in mood disorders. Psychol Med. 2016;46(8):1679–91.CrossRefPubMed Miskowiak KW, Vinberg M, Glerup L, Paulson OB, Knudsen GM, Ehrenreich H, et al. Neural correlates of improved executive function following erythropoietin treatment in mood disorders. Psychol Med. 2016;46(8):1679–91.CrossRefPubMed
46.
go back to reference • Solé B, Bonnin CM, Mayoral M, Amann BL, Torres I, González-Pinto A, et al. Functional remediation for patients with bipolar II disorder: improvement of functioning and subsyndromal symptoms. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2015;25(2):257–64. This study demonstrates the efficacy of functional remediation in patients with bipolar II disorder at improving functioning.CrossRefPubMed • Solé B, Bonnin CM, Mayoral M, Amann BL, Torres I, González-Pinto A, et al. Functional remediation for patients with bipolar II disorder: improvement of functioning and subsyndromal symptoms. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2015;25(2):257–64. This study demonstrates the efficacy of functional remediation in patients with bipolar II disorder at improving functioning.CrossRefPubMed
47.
go back to reference • Rajagopalan K, Bacci ED, Ng-Mak D, Wyrwich K, Pikalov A, Loebel A. Effects on health-related quality of life in patients treated with lurasidone for bipolar depression: results from two placebo controlled bipolar depression trials. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16:157. This study demonstrates improvements in functioning of patients with bipolar depression treated with lurasidone.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral • Rajagopalan K, Bacci ED, Ng-Mak D, Wyrwich K, Pikalov A, Loebel A. Effects on health-related quality of life in patients treated with lurasidone for bipolar depression: results from two placebo controlled bipolar depression trials. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16:157. This study demonstrates improvements in functioning of patients with bipolar depression treated with lurasidone.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
48.
go back to reference McIntyre RS, Lophaven S, Olsen CK. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of vortioxetine on cognitive function in depressed adults. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2014;17(10):1557–67.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral McIntyre RS, Lophaven S, Olsen CK. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of vortioxetine on cognitive function in depressed adults. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2014;17(10):1557–67.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
49.
go back to reference Anaya C, Martinez Aran A, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Wykes T, Vieta E, Scott J. A systematic review of cognitive remediation for schizo-affective and affective disorders. J Affect Disord. 2012;142(1–3):13–2.CrossRefPubMed Anaya C, Martinez Aran A, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Wykes T, Vieta E, Scott J. A systematic review of cognitive remediation for schizo-affective and affective disorders. J Affect Disord. 2012;142(1–3):13–2.CrossRefPubMed
50.
go back to reference Colom F, Vieta E, Martinez-Aran A, Reinares M, Goikolea JM, Benabarre A, et al. A randomized trial on the efficacy of group psychoeducation in the prophylaxis of recurrences in bipolar patients whose disease is in remission. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(4):402–7.CrossRefPubMed Colom F, Vieta E, Martinez-Aran A, Reinares M, Goikolea JM, Benabarre A, et al. A randomized trial on the efficacy of group psychoeducation in the prophylaxis of recurrences in bipolar patients whose disease is in remission. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(4):402–7.CrossRefPubMed
51.
go back to reference Bonnin CM, Torrent C, Vieta E, Martínez-Arán A. Restoring functioning in bipolar disorder: functional remediation. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2014;22(6):326–30.CrossRefPubMed Bonnin CM, Torrent C, Vieta E, Martínez-Arán A. Restoring functioning in bipolar disorder: functional remediation. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2014;22(6):326–30.CrossRefPubMed
52.
go back to reference Deckersbach T, Nierenberg AA, Kessler R, et al. Cognitive rehabilitation for bipolar disorder: an open trial for employed patients with residual depressive symptoms. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2010;16:298–307.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Deckersbach T, Nierenberg AA, Kessler R, et al. Cognitive rehabilitation for bipolar disorder: an open trial for employed patients with residual depressive symptoms. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2010;16:298–307.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
53.
go back to reference Martínez-Arán A, Torrent C, Solé B, Bonnín CM, Rosa AR, Sánchez-Moreno J, et al. Functional remediation for bipolar disorder. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2011;7:112–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Martínez-Arán A, Torrent C, Solé B, Bonnín CM, Rosa AR, Sánchez-Moreno J, et al. Functional remediation for bipolar disorder. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2011;7:112–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
54.
go back to reference •• Torrent C, Bonnin Cdel M, Martínez-Arán A, Valle J, Amann BL, González-Pinto A, et al. Efficacy of functional remediation in bipolar disorder: a multicenter randomized controlled study. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170(8):852–9. This study demonstrates the efficacy of a novel adjunctive intervention for bipolar disorder patients with low functioning.CrossRefPubMed •• Torrent C, Bonnin Cdel M, Martínez-Arán A, Valle J, Amann BL, González-Pinto A, et al. Efficacy of functional remediation in bipolar disorder: a multicenter randomized controlled study. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170(8):852–9. This study demonstrates the efficacy of a novel adjunctive intervention for bipolar disorder patients with low functioning.CrossRefPubMed
55.
go back to reference •• Bonnin CM, Torrent C, Arango C, Amann BL, Solé B, González-Pinto A, et al. Functional remediation in bipolar disorder: 1-year follow-up of neurocognitive and functional outcome. Br J Psychiatry. 2016;208(1):87–93. This a 1-year follow-up of the previous study showing the maintenance of duration of effects of functional remediation on psychosocial functioning.CrossRefPubMed •• Bonnin CM, Torrent C, Arango C, Amann BL, Solé B, González-Pinto A, et al. Functional remediation in bipolar disorder: 1-year follow-up of neurocognitive and functional outcome. Br J Psychiatry. 2016;208(1):87–93. This a 1-year follow-up of the previous study showing the maintenance of duration of effects of functional remediation on psychosocial functioning.CrossRefPubMed
56.
go back to reference Solé B, Jiménez E, Martinez-Aran A, Vieta E. Cognition as a target in major depression: new developments. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2015;25(2):231–47.CrossRefPubMed Solé B, Jiménez E, Martinez-Aran A, Vieta E. Cognition as a target in major depression: new developments. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2015;25(2):231–47.CrossRefPubMed
57.
go back to reference Demant KM, Vinberg M, Kessing LV, Miskowiak KW. Assessment of subjective and objective cognitive function in bipolar disorder: correlations, predictors and the relation to psychosocial function. Psychiatry Res. 2015;229(1–2):565–71.CrossRefPubMed Demant KM, Vinberg M, Kessing LV, Miskowiak KW. Assessment of subjective and objective cognitive function in bipolar disorder: correlations, predictors and the relation to psychosocial function. Psychiatry Res. 2015;229(1–2):565–71.CrossRefPubMed
58.
go back to reference Zyto S, Jabben N, Schulte PF, Regeer BJ, Kupka RW. A pilot study of a combined group and individual functional remediation program for patients with bipolar I disorder. J Affect Disord. 2016;194:9–15.CrossRefPubMed Zyto S, Jabben N, Schulte PF, Regeer BJ, Kupka RW. A pilot study of a combined group and individual functional remediation program for patients with bipolar I disorder. J Affect Disord. 2016;194:9–15.CrossRefPubMed
59.
go back to reference Lewandowski KE, Sperry SH, Ongur D, Cohen BM, Norris LA, Keshavan MS. Cognitive remediation versus active computer control in bipolar disorder with psychosis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2016;17(1):136.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lewandowski KE, Sperry SH, Ongur D, Cohen BM, Norris LA, Keshavan MS. Cognitive remediation versus active computer control in bipolar disorder with psychosis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2016;17(1):136.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
60.
go back to reference Bauer MS, McBride L, Williford WO, Glick H, Kinosian B, Altshuler L, et al. Collaborative care for bipolar disorder: part I. Intervention and implementation in a randomized effectiveness trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(7):927–36.CrossRefPubMed Bauer MS, McBride L, Williford WO, Glick H, Kinosian B, Altshuler L, et al. Collaborative care for bipolar disorder: part I. Intervention and implementation in a randomized effectiveness trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(7):927–36.CrossRefPubMed
61.
go back to reference Greer TL, Grannemann BD, Chansard M, Karim A, Trivedi MH. Dose-dependent changes in cognitive function with exercise augmentation for major depression: results from the TREAD study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2015;25(2):248–56.CrossRefPubMed Greer TL, Grannemann BD, Chansard M, Karim A, Trivedi MH. Dose-dependent changes in cognitive function with exercise augmentation for major depression: results from the TREAD study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2015;25(2):248–56.CrossRefPubMed
62.
go back to reference Breitborde NJ, Dawson SC, Woolverton C, Dawley D, Bell EK, Norman K, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive remediation and d-cycloserine for individuals with bipolar disorder. BMC Psychol. 2014;2(1):41.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Breitborde NJ, Dawson SC, Woolverton C, Dawley D, Bell EK, Norman K, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive remediation and d-cycloserine for individuals with bipolar disorder. BMC Psychol. 2014;2(1):41.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
63.
go back to reference •• Cella M, Reeder C, Wykes T. Group cognitive remediation for schizophrenia: exploring the role of therapist support and metacognition. Psychol Psychother. 2016;89(1):1–14. This study demonstrates the key role of metacognition for cognitive remediation.CrossRefPubMed •• Cella M, Reeder C, Wykes T. Group cognitive remediation for schizophrenia: exploring the role of therapist support and metacognition. Psychol Psychother. 2016;89(1):1–14. This study demonstrates the key role of metacognition for cognitive remediation.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Treatment of Functional Impairment in Patients with Bipolar Disorder
Authors
Jose Sanchez-Moreno
Anabel Martinez-Aran
Eduard Vieta
Publication date
01-01-2017
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Psychiatry Reports / Issue 1/2017
Print ISSN: 1523-3812
Electronic ISSN: 1535-1645
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-017-0752-3

Other articles of this Issue 1/2017

Current Psychiatry Reports 1/2017 Go to the issue

Attention-Deficit Disorder (A Rostain, Section Editor)

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Obesity: Update 2016

Attention-Deficit Disorder (A Rostain, Section Editor)

Prenatal Risk Factors and the Etiology of ADHD—Review of Existing Evidence

Bipolar Disorders (R Hirschfeld, Section Editor)

Use of Stimulants in Bipolar Disorder

Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders (SJ Siegel, Section Editor)

Schizophrenia: Impact on Family Dynamics

Substance Use and Related Disorders (F Levin and E Dakwar, Section Editors)

Treating Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders in Adolescents: What Is on the Menu?