Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Current Oncology Reports 8/2023

06-05-2023 | Cancer Rehabilitation

Outcome Measures and Patient-Reported Metrics in Cancer Rehabilitation

Author: Mary M. Vargo

Published in: Current Oncology Reports | Issue 8/2023

Login to get access

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The current panorama of measurement tools for use in cancer rehabilitation is reviewed. For rehabilitation purposes, evaluating function is of the highest priority.

Recent Findings

From a patient-reported outcome (PRO) standpoint, SF-36 and EORTC-QLQ-C30 are in most common use in cancer rehabilitation research; these are quality of life measures that contain functional subdomains. Newer tools which are based on item response theory and have options for both computer assisted or short form (SF) administration, including the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) and Activity Measure for Post-acute Care (AMPAC) instruments, show increasing use, especially PROMIS Physical Function SF, and, recently, PROMIS Cancer Function Brief 3D, which has been validated in the cancer population, with domains of physical function, fatigue, and social participation, to track clinical rehabilitation outcomes. Evaluating objective measures of function in cancer patients is also crucial.

Summary

Utilization of clinically feasible tools for cancer rehabilitation, to employ for both screening purposes and for monitoring of rehabilitation treatment efficacy, is an evolving area, much needed to promote further research and improved, consistent clinical care for cancer patients and survivors.
Literature
2.•
go back to reference Sleight A, Gerber LH, Marshall TF, Livinski A, Alfano CM, Harrington S, Flores AM, Virani A, Hu X, Mitchell SA, Varedi M, Eden M, Hayek S, Reigle B, Kerkman A, Neves R, Jablonoski K, Hacker ED, Sun V, Newman R, McDonnell KK, L’Hotta A, Schoenhals A, Dpt NLS. Systematic review of functional outcomes in cancer rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2022;S0003–9993(22):00165–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2022.01.142. This systematic review examines the oncology literature for the current landscape in type of functions that have been assessed (ADL, mobility, cognition, etc), including by type of cancer and whether statisticalsignificance was reached with interventions, and by phase and setting of care.CrossRef Sleight A, Gerber LH, Marshall TF, Livinski A, Alfano CM, Harrington S, Flores AM, Virani A, Hu X, Mitchell SA, Varedi M, Eden M, Hayek S, Reigle B, Kerkman A, Neves R, Jablonoski K, Hacker ED, Sun V, Newman R, McDonnell KK, L’Hotta A, Schoenhals A, Dpt NLS. Systematic review of functional outcomes in cancer rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2022;S0003–9993(22):00165–4. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​apmr.​2022.​01.​142. This systematic review examines the oncology literature for the current landscape in type of functions that have been assessed (ADL, mobility, cognition, etc), including by type of cancer and whether statisticalsignificance was reached with interventions, and by phase and setting of care.CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Carrozzino D, Patierno C, Guidi J, BerrocalMontiel C, Cao J, Charlson ME, Christensen KS, Concato J, De Las CC, de Leon J, Eöry A, Fleck MP, Furukawa TA, Horwitz RI, Nierenberg AA, Rafanelli C, Wang H, Wise TN, Sonino N, Fava GA. Clinimetric criteria for patient-reported outcome measures. Psychother Psychosom. 2021;90(4):222–32. https://doi.org/10.1159/000516599.CrossRefPubMed Carrozzino D, Patierno C, Guidi J, BerrocalMontiel C, Cao J, Charlson ME, Christensen KS, Concato J, De Las CC, de Leon J, Eöry A, Fleck MP, Furukawa TA, Horwitz RI, Nierenberg AA, Rafanelli C, Wang H, Wise TN, Sonino N, Fava GA. Clinimetric criteria for patient-reported outcome measures. Psychother Psychosom. 2021;90(4):222–32. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1159/​000516599.CrossRefPubMed
12.•
go back to reference van der Willik EM, Terwee CB, Bos WJW, Hemmelder MH, Jager KJ, Zoccali C, Dekker FW, Meuleman Y. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) making sense of individual PROM scores and changes in PROM scores over time. Nephrology. 2021;26(5):391–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/nep.13843. This is a good review of PRO interpretation characteristics, especially responsiveness paradigms and the concept of response shift.CrossRefPubMed van der Willik EM, Terwee CB, Bos WJW, Hemmelder MH, Jager KJ, Zoccali C, Dekker FW, Meuleman Y. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) making sense of individual PROM scores and changes in PROM scores over time. Nephrology. 2021;26(5):391–9. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1111/​nep.​13843. This is a good review of PRO interpretation characteristics, especially responsiveness paradigms and the concept of response shift.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Mokkink LB, Terwee CB, Patrick DL, et al. The COSMIN study reached international consensus on taxonomy, terminology, and definitions of measurement properties for health-related patient-reported outcomes. J Clin Epidemiol. 2010;63(7):737–45.CrossRefPubMed Mokkink LB, Terwee CB, Patrick DL, et al. The COSMIN study reached international consensus on taxonomy, terminology, and definitions of measurement properties for health-related patient-reported outcomes. J Clin Epidemiol. 2010;63(7):737–45.CrossRefPubMed
16.•
go back to reference Anatchkova M, Donelson SM, Skalicky AM, McHorney CA, Jagun D, Whiteley J. Exploring the implementation of patient-reported outcome measures in cancer care: need for more real-world evidence results in the peer reviewed literature. J Patient Rep Outcomes. 2018;2(1):64. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-018-0091-0. This is a systematic review of PRO implementation in cancer care, containing good discussion of feasibility issues and future needs, especially regarding meaningful incorporation into clinical practice.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Anatchkova M, Donelson SM, Skalicky AM, McHorney CA, Jagun D, Whiteley J. Exploring the implementation of patient-reported outcome measures in cancer care: need for more real-world evidence results in the peer reviewed literature. J Patient Rep Outcomes. 2018;2(1):64. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1186/​s41687-018-0091-0. This is a systematic review of PRO implementation in cancer care, containing good discussion of feasibility issues and future needs, especially regarding meaningful incorporation into clinical practice.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
19.
20.•
go back to reference Smith SR, Vargo M, Zucker DS, Henderson M, Shahpar S, Wisotzky EM, Custodio C, Basford J, Jay G, Gerber L, Cheville A. The Cancer Rehabilitation Medicine Metrics Consortium: a path to enhanced, multi-site outcome assessment to enhance care and demonstrate value. Front Oncol. 2021;10:article 625700. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.625700. This paper explores the need for an assessment tool in cancer rehabilitation settings to support data-driven decision making, and describes the preliminary development of an IRT-based, PROMIS-derived questionnaire to capture the prioritized functional domains of gross physical function, upper extremity function, fatigue and social participation.CrossRefPubMed Smith SR, Vargo M, Zucker DS, Henderson M, Shahpar S, Wisotzky EM, Custodio C, Basford J, Jay G, Gerber L, Cheville A. The Cancer Rehabilitation Medicine Metrics Consortium: a path to enhanced, multi-site outcome assessment to enhance care and demonstrate value. Front Oncol. 2021;10:article 625700. https://​doi.​org/​10.​3389/​fonc.​2020.​625700. This paper explores the need for an assessment tool in cancer rehabilitation settings to support data-driven decision making, and describes the preliminary development of an IRT-based, PROMIS-derived questionnaire to capture the prioritized functional domains of gross physical function, upper extremity function, fatigue and social participation.CrossRefPubMed
21.••
go back to reference Harrington SE, Stout NL, Hile E, Fisher MI, Eden M, Marchese V, Pfalzer LA. Cancer Rehabilitation Publications (2008–2018) With a focus on physical function: a scoping review. Phys Ther. 2020;100(3):363–415. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzz184. This study provides an analysis of functional measurement tools used in cancer-related research studies and includes quantitative breakdown of measurement tools by type of application (screening, assessment, intervention) and by type of cancer. The study highlights commonly used measures and, especially in its appendices, it also includes exhaustive listing of less common measures that have been employed by investigators.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Harrington SE, Stout NL, Hile E, Fisher MI, Eden M, Marchese V, Pfalzer LA. Cancer Rehabilitation Publications (2008–2018) With a focus on physical function: a scoping review. Phys Ther. 2020;100(3):363–415. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​ptj/​pzz184. This study provides an analysis of functional measurement tools used in cancer-related research studies and includes quantitative breakdown of measurement tools by type of application (screening, assessment, intervention) and by type of cancer. The study highlights commonly used measures and, especially in its appendices, it also includes exhaustive listing of less common measures that have been employed by investigators.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
go back to reference Schag CA, Heinrich RL. Development of a comprehensive quality of life measurement tool: CARES. Oncology. 1990;4:135–8.PubMed Schag CA, Heinrich RL. Development of a comprehensive quality of life measurement tool: CARES. Oncology. 1990;4:135–8.PubMed
25.
go back to reference Petersen MA, Aaronson NK, Arraras JI, Chie W-C, Conroy T, Costantini A, Dirven L, Fayers P, Gamper E-M, Giesinger JM, Habets EJJ, Hammerlid E, Helbostad J, Hjermstad MJ, Holzner B, Johnson C, Kemmler G, King MT, Kaasa S, Loge JH, Reijneveld JC, Singer S, Taphoorn MJB, Thamsborg LH, Tomaszewski KA, Velikova G, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, Young T, Groenvold M. The EORTC CAT Core—the computer adaptive version of the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. Eur J Cancer. 2018;100:8–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2018.04.016. (ISSN 0959-8049).CrossRefPubMed Petersen MA, Aaronson NK, Arraras JI, Chie W-C, Conroy T, Costantini A, Dirven L, Fayers P, Gamper E-M, Giesinger JM, Habets EJJ, Hammerlid E, Helbostad J, Hjermstad MJ, Holzner B, Johnson C, Kemmler G, King MT, Kaasa S, Loge JH, Reijneveld JC, Singer S, Taphoorn MJB, Thamsborg LH, Tomaszewski KA, Velikova G, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, Young T, Groenvold M. The EORTC CAT Core—the computer adaptive version of the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. Eur J Cancer. 2018;100:8–16. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​ejca.​2018.​04.​016. (ISSN 0959-8049).CrossRefPubMed
26.•
go back to reference Jensen RE, Potosky AL, Moinpour CM, Lobo T, Cella D, Hahn EA, Thissen D, Smith AW, Ahn J, Luta G, Reeve BB. United States population-based estimates of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System symptom and functional status reference values for individuals with cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(17):1913–20. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2016.71.4410. This study examines PRO reporting of cancer patients compared to general population reference norms, employing PROMIS short forms of pain interference, fatigue, sleep disturbance, anxiety, depression, physical function, social function and cognitive function.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Jensen RE, Potosky AL, Moinpour CM, Lobo T, Cella D, Hahn EA, Thissen D, Smith AW, Ahn J, Luta G, Reeve BB. United States population-based estimates of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System symptom and functional status reference values for individuals with cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(17):1913–20. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1200/​JCO.​2016.​71.​4410. This study examines PRO reporting of cancer patients compared to general population reference norms, employing PROMIS short forms of pain interference, fatigue, sleep disturbance, anxiety, depression, physical function, social function and cognitive function.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.•
go back to reference Jensen RE, Potosky AL, Reeve BB, Hahn E, Cella D, Fries J, Smith AW, Keegan TH, Wu XC, Paddock L, Moinpour CM. Validation of the PROMIS physical function measures in a diverse US population-based cohort of cancer patients. Qual Life Res. 2015;24(10):2333–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-015-0992-9. Four PROMIS Physical Function short forms (4a, 6b, 10a, and 16) were determined to be valid and reliable in a large community cancer population.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Jensen RE, Potosky AL, Reeve BB, Hahn E, Cella D, Fries J, Smith AW, Keegan TH, Wu XC, Paddock L, Moinpour CM. Validation of the PROMIS physical function measures in a diverse US population-based cohort of cancer patients. Qual Life Res. 2015;24(10):2333–44. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s11136-015-0992-9. Four PROMIS Physical Function short forms (4a, 6b, 10a, and 16) were determined to be valid and reliable in a large community cancer population.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
28.•
go back to reference Jensen RE, Moinpour CM, Potosky AL, Lobo T, Hahn EA, Hays RD, Cella D, Smith AW, Wu XC, Keegan TH, Paddock LE, Stroup AM, Eton DT. Responsiveness of 8 Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures in a large, community-based cancer study cohort. Cancer. 2017;123(2):327–35. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.30354. Responsiveness of 8 PROMIS short forms was verified in a community cancer population, with the short forms including Physical Function (15-items), Fatigue (14-items), Pain Interference (11-items), Anxiety (11-items), Depression (10-items), Ability to Participate in Social Roles v2 (“Social Function” 10-items), Cognitive Function v2 (8-items), and Sleep Disturbance (8-items). The authors note that a 3 to 5 point change is sufficient across all PROMIS measures to identify clinically meaningful change.CrossRefPubMed Jensen RE, Moinpour CM, Potosky AL, Lobo T, Hahn EA, Hays RD, Cella D, Smith AW, Wu XC, Keegan TH, Paddock LE, Stroup AM, Eton DT. Responsiveness of 8 Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures in a large, community-based cancer study cohort. Cancer. 2017;123(2):327–35. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1002/​cncr.​30354. Responsiveness of 8 PROMIS short forms was verified in a community cancer population, with the short forms including Physical Function (15-items), Fatigue (14-items), Pain Interference (11-items), Anxiety (11-items), Depression (10-items), Ability to Participate in Social Roles v2 (“Social Function” 10-items), Cognitive Function v2 (8-items), and Sleep Disturbance (8-items). The authors note that a 3 to 5 point change is sufficient across all PROMIS measures to identify clinically meaningful change.CrossRefPubMed
30.••
go back to reference Barnes CA, Stout NL, Varghese TK Jr, Ulrich CM, Couriel DR, Lee CJ, Noren CS, LaStayo PC. Clinically integrated physical therapist practice in cancer care: a new comprehensive approach. Phys Ther. 2020;100(3):543–53. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzz169. This study is noteworthy in that it incorporates implementation of PRO findings, linking the patient’s PRO-derived functional stage to specific functional exercise approaches, and also demonstrates clinical feasibility with more efficient (shorter) physical therapy evaluation sessions.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Barnes CA, Stout NL, Varghese TK Jr, Ulrich CM, Couriel DR, Lee CJ, Noren CS, LaStayo PC. Clinically integrated physical therapist practice in cancer care: a new comprehensive approach. Phys Ther. 2020;100(3):543–53. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​ptj/​pzz169. This study is noteworthy in that it incorporates implementation of PRO findings, linking the patient’s PRO-derived functional stage to specific functional exercise approaches, and also demonstrates clinical feasibility with more efficient (shorter) physical therapy evaluation sessions.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
34.••
go back to reference Maldonado E, Thalla N, Nepaul S, Wisotzky E. Outcome measures in cancer rehabilitation: pain, function, and symptom assessment. Front Pain Res. 2021;2:692237. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpain.2021.692237. The authors provide an empiric selection of common measures for use in cancer rehabilitation settings, for purposes including pain outcomes, functional outcomes, quality of life measures, fatigue measures, cognitive assessment, and objective outcome measures, featuring tables including psychometric properties, burden of use, scoring guidelines and clinical relevance.CrossRef Maldonado E, Thalla N, Nepaul S, Wisotzky E. Outcome measures in cancer rehabilitation: pain, function, and symptom assessment. Front Pain Res. 2021;2:692237. https://​doi.​org/​10.​3389/​fpain.​2021.​692237. The authors provide an empiric selection of common measures for use in cancer rehabilitation settings, for purposes including pain outcomes, functional outcomes, quality of life measures, fatigue measures, cognitive assessment, and objective outcome measures, featuring tables including psychometric properties, burden of use, scoring guidelines and clinical relevance.CrossRef
35.••
go back to reference Smith SR, Vargo M, Zucker D, Shahpar S, Gerber L, Henderson M, Jay G, Lee M, Cheville A. Psychometric characteristics and validity of the PROMIS cancer function brief 3D profile. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2022;103(5S):S146–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2020.12.027. This paper presents the final 12-item PROMIS Cancer Function Brief 3D, with physical function, fatigue, and social participation domains, including psychometric characteristics and validity data, with T-score conversions for each functional category.CrossRefPubMed Smith SR, Vargo M, Zucker D, Shahpar S, Gerber L, Henderson M, Jay G, Lee M, Cheville A. Psychometric characteristics and validity of the PROMIS cancer function brief 3D profile. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2022;103(5S):S146–61. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​apmr.​2020.​12.​027. This paper presents the final 12-item PROMIS Cancer Function Brief 3D, with physical function, fatigue, and social participation domains, including psychometric characteristics and validity data, with T-score conversions for each functional category.CrossRefPubMed
36.••
go back to reference Lehmann J, Rothmund M, Riedl D, Rumpold G, Grote V, Fischer MJ, Holzner B. Clinical outcome assessment in cancer rehabilitation and the central role of patient-reported outcomes. Cancers. 2021;14(1):84. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14010084. This paper contains an excellent discussion of PRO measure use in cancer rehabilitation research and beyond, including types of outcome assessment, methodological issues, some commonly used measures, and focus on future directions of including the role of PRO’s in informing value-based care, integration into rehabilitation pathways, and implementation into electronic data collection.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lehmann J, Rothmund M, Riedl D, Rumpold G, Grote V, Fischer MJ, Holzner B. Clinical outcome assessment in cancer rehabilitation and the central role of patient-reported outcomes. Cancers. 2021;14(1):84. https://​doi.​org/​10.​3390/​cancers14010084. This paper contains an excellent discussion of PRO measure use in cancer rehabilitation research and beyond, including types of outcome assessment, methodological issues, some commonly used measures, and focus on future directions of including the role of PRO’s in informing value-based care, integration into rehabilitation pathways, and implementation into electronic data collection.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
39.•
go back to reference Smith SR, Vargo M, Zucker DS, Shahpar S, Gerber LH, Henderson M, Jay G, Cheville AL. Responsiveness and interpretation of the PROMIS Cancer Function Brief 3D Profile. Cancer. 2022;128(17):3217–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.34376. This paper presents responsiveness data for PROMIS CF-3D. Minimal important change (MIC) ratings were in the < 1–2 range (of raw scores) for each category, range 0.19–1.91, with standard deviations in 2 range, and reliable change score with 95% confidence (DC95) was in the 6–7 range for all categories, without any significant floor or ceiling effects.CrossRefPubMed Smith SR, Vargo M, Zucker DS, Shahpar S, Gerber LH, Henderson M, Jay G, Cheville AL. Responsiveness and interpretation of the PROMIS Cancer Function Brief 3D Profile. Cancer. 2022;128(17):3217–23. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1002/​cncr.​34376. This paper presents responsiveness data for PROMIS CF-3D. Minimal important change (MIC) ratings were in the < 1–2 range (of raw scores) for each category, range 0.19–1.91, with standard deviations in 2 range, and reliable change score with 95% confidence (DC95) was in the 6–7 range for all categories, without any significant floor or ceiling effects.CrossRefPubMed
43.
go back to reference Basch E, Becker C, Rogak LJ, Schrag D, Reeve BB, Spears P, Smith ML, Gounder MM, Mahoney MR, Schwartz GK, Bennett AV, Mendoza TR, Cleeland CS, Sloan JA, Bruner DW, Schwab G, Atkinson TM, Thanarajasingam G, Bertagnolli MM, Dueck AC. Composite grading algorithm for the National Cancer Institute’s Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE). Clin Trials. 2021;18(1):104–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/1740774520975120.CrossRefPubMed Basch E, Becker C, Rogak LJ, Schrag D, Reeve BB, Spears P, Smith ML, Gounder MM, Mahoney MR, Schwartz GK, Bennett AV, Mendoza TR, Cleeland CS, Sloan JA, Bruner DW, Schwab G, Atkinson TM, Thanarajasingam G, Bertagnolli MM, Dueck AC. Composite grading algorithm for the National Cancer Institute’s Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE). Clin Trials. 2021;18(1):104–14. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1177/​1740774520975120​.CrossRefPubMed
44.•
go back to reference Neo J, Fettes L, Gao W, Higginson IJ, Maddocks M. Disability in activities of daily living among adults with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Treat Rev. 2017;61:94–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.10.006. This systematic review focuses on self-care disability in adults with cancer and includes outcome measures that have been employed.CrossRefPubMed Neo J, Fettes L, Gao W, Higginson IJ, Maddocks M. Disability in activities of daily living among adults with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Treat Rev. 2017;61:94–106. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​ctrv.​2017.​10.​006. This systematic review focuses on self-care disability in adults with cancer and includes outcome measures that have been employed.CrossRefPubMed
45.•
go back to reference Dos Santos BV, Bassi-Dibai D, Guedes CLR, Morais DN, Coutinho SM, de Oliveira SG, Mendes LP, da Cunha LP, Dibai-Filho AV. Barthel Index is a valid and reliable tool to measure the functional independence of cancer patients in palliative care. BMC Palliat Care. 2022;21(1):124. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-022-01017-z.CrossRef Dos Santos BV, Bassi-Dibai D, Guedes CLR, Morais DN, Coutinho SM, de Oliveira SG, Mendes LP, da Cunha LP, Dibai-Filho AV. Barthel Index is a valid and reliable tool to measure the functional independence of cancer patients in palliative care. BMC Palliat Care. 2022;21(1):124. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1186/​s12904-022-01017-z.CrossRef
47.•
go back to reference Fisher MI, Lee J, Davies C, Geyer H, Colon G, Pfalzer L. Oncology section EDGE task force on breast cancer outcomes: a systematic review of outcome measures for functional mobility. Rehabil. Oncol. 2015;33(3):9–31. This study provides recommendations for physical mobility tools based on a systematic review of breast cancer studies, incorporating considerations of psychometric properties, clinical utility, and previous use in research. Fisher MI, Lee J, Davies C, Geyer H, Colon G, Pfalzer L. Oncology section EDGE task force on breast cancer outcomes: a systematic review of outcome measures for functional mobility. Rehabil. Oncol. 2015;33(3):9–31. This study provides recommendations for physical mobility tools based on a systematic review of breast cancer studies, incorporating considerations of psychometric properties, clinical utility, and previous use in research.
48.••
go back to reference Huang MH, Hile E, Croarkin E, Wampler-Kuhn M, Blackwood J, Colon G, Pfalzer LA. Academy of Oncologic Physical Therapy EDGE Task Force: a systematic review of measures of balance in adult cancer survivors. Rehab Oncol. 2019;37:92–103. This is an evidence-based systematic review of balance measures for cancer rehabilitation, making recommendations based on validity, reliability and clinical usefulness. Huang MH, Hile E, Croarkin E, Wampler-Kuhn M, Blackwood J, Colon G, Pfalzer LA. Academy of Oncologic Physical Therapy EDGE Task Force: a systematic review of measures of balance in adult cancer survivors. Rehab Oncol. 2019;37:92–103. This is an evidence-based systematic review of balance measures for cancer rehabilitation, making recommendations based on validity, reliability and clinical usefulness.
49.••
go back to reference Blackwood J, Rybicki K. Physical function measurement in older long-term cancer survivors. J Frailty Sarcopenia Falls. 2021;3:139–46. https://doi.org/10.22540/JFSF-06-139. This study assesses reliability, validity, and minimal detectable change of four objective measures (5xSTS, 30sTCR, Short Physical Performance Battery, and Physical Performance Test-7) in older cancer survivors, finding convergent and discriminant validity; reliability good with 5XSTS, 30sTCR and SPPB but did not reach good level with PPT-7. The 5XSTS, 30sTCR and SPPB measures had MDC95 values in 3 range and PPT-7 in 4 range, which noted as being higher than seen in the general geriatric population.CrossRef Blackwood J, Rybicki K. Physical function measurement in older long-term cancer survivors. J Frailty Sarcopenia Falls. 2021;3:139–46. https://​doi.​org/​10.​22540/​JFSF-06-139. This study assesses reliability, validity, and minimal detectable change of four objective measures (5xSTS, 30sTCR, Short Physical Performance Battery, and Physical Performance Test-7) in older cancer survivors, finding convergent and discriminant validity; reliability good with 5XSTS, 30sTCR and SPPB but did not reach good level with PPT-7. The 5XSTS, 30sTCR and SPPB measures had MDC95 values in 3 range and PPT-7 in 4 range, which noted as being higher than seen in the general geriatric population.CrossRef
53.
go back to reference Díaz-Balboa E, González-Salvado V, Rodríguez-Romero B, Martínez-Monzonís A, Pedreira-Pérez M, Cuesta-Vargas AI, López-López R, González-Juanatey JR, Pena-Gil C. Thirty-second sit-to-stand test as an alternative for estimating peak oxygen uptake and 6-min walking distance in women with breast cancer: a cross-sectional study. Support Care Cancer. 2022;30(10):8251–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-022-07268-z.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Díaz-Balboa E, González-Salvado V, Rodríguez-Romero B, Martínez-Monzonís A, Pedreira-Pérez M, Cuesta-Vargas AI, López-López R, González-Juanatey JR, Pena-Gil C. Thirty-second sit-to-stand test as an alternative for estimating peak oxygen uptake and 6-min walking distance in women with breast cancer: a cross-sectional study. Support Care Cancer. 2022;30(10):8251–60. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s00520-022-07268-z.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
57.
go back to reference Asher A, Myers JS. The effect of cancer treatment on cognitive function. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2015;13(7):441–50.PubMed Asher A, Myers JS. The effect of cancer treatment on cognitive function. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2015;13(7):441–50.PubMed
59.•
go back to reference Magnuson A, Ahles T, Chen BT, Mandelblatt J, Janelsins MC. Cognitive function in older adults with cancer: assessment, management, and research opportunities. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39(19):2138–49. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.21.00239. This is a review of cognitive assessment and management for older adults with cancer and includes recommendations for “exemplar measures” of cognitive function including patient-reported and objective measures.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Magnuson A, Ahles T, Chen BT, Mandelblatt J, Janelsins MC. Cognitive function in older adults with cancer: assessment, management, and research opportunities. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39(19):2138–49. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1200/​JCO.​21.​00239. This is a review of cognitive assessment and management for older adults with cancer and includes recommendations for “exemplar measures” of cognitive function including patient-reported and objective measures.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
60.
go back to reference Denlinger CS, Ligibel JA, Are M, Baker KS, Demark-Wahnefried W, Friedman DL, Goldman M, Jones L, King A, Ku GH, Kvale E, Langbaum TS, Leonardi-Warren K, McCabe MS, Melisko M, Montoya JG, Mooney K, Morgan MA, Moslehi JJ, O’Connor T, Overholser L, Paskett ED, Raza M, Syrjala KL, Urba SG, Wakabayashi MT, Zee P, McMillian NR, Freedman-Cass DA. Survivorship cognitive function, version 1. 2014. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2014;12(7):976–86.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Denlinger CS, Ligibel JA, Are M, Baker KS, Demark-Wahnefried W, Friedman DL, Goldman M, Jones L, King A, Ku GH, Kvale E, Langbaum TS, Leonardi-Warren K, McCabe MS, Melisko M, Montoya JG, Mooney K, Morgan MA, Moslehi JJ, O’Connor T, Overholser L, Paskett ED, Raza M, Syrjala KL, Urba SG, Wakabayashi MT, Zee P, McMillian NR, Freedman-Cass DA. Survivorship cognitive function, version 1. 2014. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2014;12(7):976–86.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
61.•
go back to reference Lange M, Joly F, Vardy J, Ahles T, Dubois M, Tron L, Winocur G, De Ruiter MB, Castel H. Cancer-related cognitive impairment: an update on state of the art, detection, and management strategies in cancer survivors. Ann Oncol. 2019;30(12):1925–40. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdz410. This article contains a good discussion on factors impacting cognitive function in cancer patients, including clinical characteristics, neuropsychological measures, treatment-related contributors, clinical symptom interferences, genetic and biomarker factors, and rehabilitative treatment.CrossRefPubMed Lange M, Joly F, Vardy J, Ahles T, Dubois M, Tron L, Winocur G, De Ruiter MB, Castel H. Cancer-related cognitive impairment: an update on state of the art, detection, and management strategies in cancer survivors. Ann Oncol. 2019;30(12):1925–40. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​annonc/​mdz410. This article contains a good discussion on factors impacting cognitive function in cancer patients, including clinical characteristics, neuropsychological measures, treatment-related contributors, clinical symptom interferences, genetic and biomarker factors, and rehabilitative treatment.CrossRefPubMed
63.•
go back to reference Blackwood J, Rybicki K, Huang M. Cognitive measures in older cancer survivors: an examination of validity, reliability, and minimal detectable change. J Geriatr Oncol. 2021;12(1):146–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgo.2020.06.015. This paper examines psychometric properties of three common cognitive tests, the mini-COG, Trailmaking test A and Trailmaking Test B, and finds most favorable reliability with TMT-B. The clock-drawing portion of the mini-COG also had good reliability in a post-hoc analysis.CrossRefPubMed Blackwood J, Rybicki K, Huang M. Cognitive measures in older cancer survivors: an examination of validity, reliability, and minimal detectable change. J Geriatr Oncol. 2021;12(1):146–51. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​jgo.​2020.​06.​015. This paper examines psychometric properties of three common cognitive tests, the mini-COG, Trailmaking test A and Trailmaking Test B, and finds most favorable reliability with TMT-B. The clock-drawing portion of the mini-COG also had good reliability in a post-hoc analysis.CrossRefPubMed
72.
go back to reference Wampler M, Miaskowski C, Hamel K, Byl N, Rugo H, Topp KS. The Modified Total Neuropathy Score: a clinically feasible and valid measure of taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy in women with breast cancer. J Support Oncol. 2006;4:W9–16. Wampler M, Miaskowski C, Hamel K, Byl N, Rugo H, Topp KS. The Modified Total Neuropathy Score: a clinically feasible and valid measure of taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy in women with breast cancer. J Support Oncol. 2006;4:W9–16.
73.
go back to reference Molassiotis A, Cheng HL, Lopez V, Au JSK, Chan A, Bandla A, Leung KT, Li YC, Wong KH, Suen LKP, Chan CW, Yorke J, Farrell C, Sundar R. Are we mis-estimating chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy? Analysis of assessment methodologies from a prospective, multinational, longitudinal cohort study of patients receiving neurotoxic chemotherapy. BMC Cancer. 2019;19(1):132. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-019-5302-4.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Molassiotis A, Cheng HL, Lopez V, Au JSK, Chan A, Bandla A, Leung KT, Li YC, Wong KH, Suen LKP, Chan CW, Yorke J, Farrell C, Sundar R. Are we mis-estimating chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy? Analysis of assessment methodologies from a prospective, multinational, longitudinal cohort study of patients receiving neurotoxic chemotherapy. BMC Cancer. 2019;19(1):132. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1186/​s12885-019-5302-4.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
77.•
go back to reference van Cappellen-van Maldegem SJM, Hoedjes M, Seidell JC, van de Poll-Franse LV, Buffart LM, Mols F, Beijer S. Self-performed five times sit-to-stand test at home as (pre-)screening tool for frailty in cancer survivors: reliability and agreement assessment. J Clin Nurs. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.16299. In this era of telemedicine, this study demonstrates acceptable reliability of in-home 5XSTS testing compared to clinician-supervised testing. The authors also suggest utility of 5XSTS as a screening measure for need for prehabilitation services.CrossRefPubMed van Cappellen-van Maldegem SJM, Hoedjes M, Seidell JC, van de Poll-Franse LV, Buffart LM, Mols F, Beijer S. Self-performed five times sit-to-stand test at home as (pre-)screening tool for frailty in cancer survivors: reliability and agreement assessment. J Clin Nurs. 2022. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1111/​jocn.​16299. In this era of telemedicine, this study demonstrates acceptable reliability of in-home 5XSTS testing compared to clinician-supervised testing. The authors also suggest utility of 5XSTS as a screening measure for need for prehabilitation services.CrossRefPubMed
83.
go back to reference Cornish BH, Chapman M, Hirst C, et al. Early diagnosis of lymphedema using multiple frequency bioimpedance. Lymphology. 2001;34:2–11.PubMed Cornish BH, Chapman M, Hirst C, et al. Early diagnosis of lymphedema using multiple frequency bioimpedance. Lymphology. 2001;34:2–11.PubMed
84.
go back to reference Hayes S, Cornish B, Newman B. Comparison of methods to diagnose lymphoedema among breast cancer survivors: 6-month follow-up. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2005;89:221–6.CrossRefPubMed Hayes S, Cornish B, Newman B. Comparison of methods to diagnose lymphoedema among breast cancer survivors: 6-month follow-up. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2005;89:221–6.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Outcome Measures and Patient-Reported Metrics in Cancer Rehabilitation
Author
Mary M. Vargo
Publication date
06-05-2023
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Oncology Reports / Issue 8/2023
Print ISSN: 1523-3790
Electronic ISSN: 1534-6269
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-023-01412-6

Other articles of this Issue 8/2023

Current Oncology Reports 8/2023 Go to the issue
Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine