Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Current Oncology Reports
Published in: Current Oncology Reports 3/2010

01-05-2010

Current Management of Hepatocellular Cancer

Authors: Bernardino Rampone, Beniamino Schiavone, Giuseppe Confuorto

Published in: Current Oncology Reports | Issue 3/2010

Login to get access

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver, being the fifth most frequent cancer worldwide. It usually occurs in the setting of chronic liver disease and has a poor prognosis if untreated. Following the diagnosis, this disease requires multidisciplinary management. Orthotopic liver transplantation is theoretically the best treatment for early, unresectable HCC. However, the major practical obstacle is the extreme shortage of organs, which makes this a practical option only in selected patients. In this report we describe new advancements in diagnosis, classification, and treatment that have emerged in the field of HCC in recent years.
Literature
1.
Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P: Estimating the world cancer burden: Globocan 2000. Int J Cancer 2001, 94:153–156.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Befeler AS, Di Bisceglie AM: Hepatocellular carcinoma: diagnosis and treatment. Gastroenterology 2002, 122:1609–1619.CrossRefPubMed
3.
• Liu CJ, Kao JH: Hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiology and pathogenic role of viral factors. J Chin Med Assoc 2007, 70:141–145. This is an interesting review on epidemiology and the pathogenic role of viral factors in hepatocarcinogenesis. CrossRefPubMed
4.
Fong TL, Kanel GC, Conrad A, et al.: Clinical significance of concomitant hepatitis C infection in patients with alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 1994, 19:554–557.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Ming L, Thorgeirsson SS, Gail MH, et al.: Dominant role of hepatitis B virus and cofactor role of aflatoxin in hepatocarcinogenesis in Qidong, China. Hepatology 2002, 36:1214–1220.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Hassan MM, Hwang LY, Hatten CJ, et al.: Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma: synergism of alcohol with viral hepatitis and diabetes mellitus. Hepatology 2002, 36:1206–1213.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Ohata K, Hamasaki K, Toriyama K, et al.: Hepatic steatosis is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Cancer 2003, 97:3036–3043.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Davila JA, Morgan RO, Shaib Y, et al.: Diabetes has been found to increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States: a population based case control study. Gut 2005, 54:533–539.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Kew MC: The development of hepatocellular cancer in humans. Cancer Surv 1986, 5:719–739.PubMed
10.
11.
El-Serag HB: Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis C in the United States. Hepatology 2002, 36:S74–S83.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Beasley RP: Hepatitis B virus. The major etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 1988, 61:1942–1956.CrossRefPubMed
13.
El-Serag HB, Mason AC: Rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States. N Engl J Med 1999, 340:745–750.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Allen J, Venook A: Hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemic and treatment. Curr Oncol Rep 2004, 6:177–183.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Tanaka Y, Hanada K, Mizokami M, et al.: Inaugural article: A comparison of the molecular clock of hepatitis C virus in the United States and Japan predicts that hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in the United States will increase over the next two decades. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002, 99:15584–15589.CrossRefPubMed
16.
• Llovet JM, Burroughs A, Bruix J: Hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet 2003, 362:1907–1917. This is a positive paper on management of HCC.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Makuuchi M, Sano K: The surgical approach to HCC: our progress and results in Japan. Liver Transpl 2004, 10:46–52.CrossRef
18.
19.
•• Mazzaferro V, Regalia E, Doci R, et al.: Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 1996, 334:693–699. This study introduced the Milan criteria and showed that liver transplantation is an effective treatment for small, unresectable HCC in patients with cirrhosis.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Llovet JM, Di Bisceglie AM, Bruix J, et al.: Design and endpoints of clinical trials in hepatocellular carcinoma. Panel of Experts in HCC-Design Clinical Trials. J Natl Cancer Inst 2008, 100:698–711.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Bruix J, Sherman M, Llovet JM, et al.: EASL Panel of Experts on HCC. Clinical management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusions of the Barcelona-2000 EASL conference. European Association for the Study of the Liver. J Hepatol 2001, 35:421–430.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Marrerro JA, Fontana RJ, Barrat A: Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of 7 staging system in an American cohort. Hepatology 2005, 41:707–716.CrossRef
23.
Cillo U, Vitale A, Grigoletto F: Prospective validation of the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system. J Hepatol 2006, 44:723–731.CrossRefPubMed
24.
•• Llovet JM, Ricci S, Mazzaferro V, et al.; SHARP Investigators Study Group: Sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2008, 359:378–390. This article shows that sorafenib improves overall survival for patients with advanced HCC.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Llovet JM, Bruix J: Molecular targeted therapies in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2008, 48:1312–1327.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Marin-Hargreaves G, Azoulay D, Bismuth H: Hepatocellular carcinoma: surgical indications and results. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2003, 47:13–27.CrossRefPubMed
27.
De Carlis L, Giacomoni A, Pirotta V, et al.: Surgical treatment of hepatocellular cancer in the era of hepatic transplantation. J Am Coll Surg 2003, 196:887–897.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Vauthey JN, Chaoui A, Do KA, et al.: Standardized measurement of the future liver remnant prior to extended liver resection: methodology and clinical associations. Surgery 2000, 127:512–519.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Farges O, Belghiti J, Kianmanesh R, et al.: Portal vein embolization before right hepatectomy: prospective clinical trial. Ann Surg 2003, 237:208–217.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Oldhafer KJ, Lang H, Malago M, et al.: Ex situ resection and resection of the in situ perfused liver: are there still indications? Chirurg 2001, 72:131–137.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Ringe B, Weimann A, Tusch G, Pichlmayr R: Resection versus transplantation for malignancy of liver and bile duct. In Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer. Edited by Wanebo HJ. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1997:513–524.
32.
Bismuth H, Chiche L, Adam R, et al.: Liver resection versus transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients. Ann Surg 1993, 218:145–151.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Ojogho ON, So SK, Keeffe EB, et al.: Orthotopic liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Factors affecting long-term patient survival. Arch Surg 1996, 131:935–939; discussion 939–941.PubMed
34.
Molmenti EP, Klintmalm GB: Liver transplantation in association with hepatocellular carcinoma: an update of the International Tumor Registry. Liver Transpl 2002, 8:736–748.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Plessier A, Codes L, Consigny Y, et al.: Underestimation of the influence of satellite nodules as a risk factor for post-transplantation recurrence in patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Transpl 2004, 10:S86–S90.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Pawlik TM, Delman KA, Vauthey JN, et al.: Tumor size predicts vascular invasion and histologic grade: Implications for selection of surgical treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Transpl 2005, 11:1086–1092.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Jonas S, Bechstein WO, Steinmuller T, et al.: Vascular invasion and histopathologic grading determine outcome after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis. Hepatology 2001, 5:1080–1086.CrossRef
38.
Bruix J, Fuster J, Llovet JM: Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Foucault pendulum versus evidence-based decision. Liver Transpl 2003, 7:700–702.CrossRef
39.
Yao FY, Bass NM, Nikolai B, et al.: Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: analysis of survival according to the intention-to-treat principle and dropout from the waiting list. Liver Transpl 2002, 8:873–883.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Yao FY, Xiao L, Bass NM, et al.: Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: validation of the UCSF-expanded criteria based on preoperative imaging. Am J Transplant 2007, 7:2587–2596.CrossRefPubMed
41.
•• Mazzaferro V, Llovet JM, Miceli R, et al.; Metroticket Investigator Study Group: Predicting survival after liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma beyond the Milan criteria: a retrospective, exploratory analysis. Lancet Oncol 2009, 10:35–43. This study showed that more patients with HCC could be candidates for transplantation if the current dual (yes/no) approach to candidacy, based on the strict Milan criteria, was replaced with a more precise estimation of survival contouring individual tumor characteristics and use of the up-to-seven criteria. CrossRefPubMed
42.
Sarasin FP, Giostra E, Mentha G, Hadengue A: Partial hepatectomy or orthotopic liver transplantation for the treatment of resectable hepatocellular carcinoma? A cost-effectiveness perspective. Hepatology 1998, 28:436–442.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Saab S, Wang V, Ibrahim AB, et al.: MELD score predict 1-years patient survival post-orthotopic liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2003, 9:473–476.CrossRefPubMed
44.
Yao FY, Bass NM, Ascher NL, Roberts JP: Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Lesson from the first year under the Model of End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) organ allocation policy. Liver Transpl 2004, 10:621–630.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Ryu M, Shimamura Y, Kinoshita T, et al.: Therapeutic results of resection, transcatheter arterial embolization and percutaneous transhepatic ethanol injection in 3225 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective multicenter study. Jpn J Clin Oncol 1997, 27:251–257.CrossRefPubMed
46.
Livraghi T, Solbiati L, Meloni MF, et al.: Treatment of focal liver tumors with percutaneous radio-frequency ablation: complications encountered in a multicenter study. Radiology 2003, 226:441–451.CrossRefPubMed
47.
• Poon RT, Fan ST, Tsang FH, Wong J: Locoregional therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma: a critical review from the surgeon’s perspective. Ann Surg 2002, 235:466–486. This article details how recent advances in locoregional therapies have led to a major breakthrough in the management of HCC.CrossRefPubMed
48.
Van Kleek EJ, Schwartz JM, Rayhill SC, et al.: Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a survey of practices. J Clin Gastroenterol 2006, 40:643–647.CrossRefPubMed
49.
Broering DC, Wilms C, Bok P, et al.: Evolution of donor morbidity in living related liver transplantation: a single-center analysis of 165 cases. Ann Surg 2004, 240:1013–1024; discussion 1024–1026.CrossRefPubMed
50.
• Trotter JF, Wachs M, Everson GT, Kam I: Adult-to-adult transplantation of the right hepatic lobe from a living donor. N Engl J Med 2002, 346:1074–1082. LDLT has rapidly emerged as an accepted treatment option for selected patients with end-stage liver disease.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Current Management of Hepatocellular Cancer
Authors
Bernardino Rampone
Beniamino Schiavone
Giuseppe Confuorto
Publication date
01-05-2010
Publisher
Current Science Inc.
Published in
Current Oncology Reports / Issue 3/2010
Print ISSN: 1523-3790
Electronic ISSN: 1534-6269
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-010-0094-3

Other articles of this Issue 3/2010

Current Oncology Reports 3/2010 Go to the issue

ReviewPaper

The Emergence of Endoscopic Head and Neck Surgery

ReviewPaper

Evolving Treatment of Advanced Colorectal Cancer

Clinical Trial Report

Prognostic and Predictive Factors in the Targeted Therapy Era: Filling in the Blanks

ReviewPaper

B-RAF Inhibitors: An Evolving Role in the Therapy of Malignant Melanoma

ReviewPaper

Current and Emerging Treatment Strategies for Anal Cancer

ReviewPaper

KRAS Testing and Its Importance in Colorectal Cancer
Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Watch now

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Image Credits