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01-04-2014 | Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance (RM Watanabe, Section Editor)

Alzheimer’s Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: Multiple Mechanisms Contribute to Interactions

Authors: Anusha Jayaraman, Christian J. Pike

Published in: Current Diabetes Reports | Issue 4/2014

Abstract

Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are related disorders with widespread deleterious effects throughout the body. One important target of damage is the brain. Persons with metabolic disorders are at significantly increased risk for cognitive decline and the development of vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Our review of available evidence from epidemiologic, clinical, and basic research suggests that neural dysfunction from T2D-related disease results from several underlying mechanisms, including metabolic, inflammatory, vascular, and oxidative changes. The relationships between T2D and neural dysfunction are regulated by several modifiers. We emphasize 2 such modifiers, the genetic risk factor apolipoprotein E and an age-related endocrine change, low testosterone. Both factors are independent risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease that may also cooperatively regulate pathologic interactions between T2D and dementia. Continued elucidation of the links between metabolic disorders and neural dysfunction promises to foster the development of effective therapeutic strategies.

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Title: Alzheimer’s Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: Multiple Mechanisms Contribute to Interactions
Authors: Anusha Jayaraman
Christian J. Pike
Publication date: 01-04-2014
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Current Diabetes Reports / Issue 4/2014
Print ISSN: 1534-4827
Electronic ISSN: 1539-0829
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-014-0476-2

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