Top

Archives of Osteoporosis

Published in:

01-12-2012 | Original Article

The effects of age, physical activity level, and body anthropometry on calcaneal speed of sound value in men

Authors: Kok-Yong Chin, Ima-Nirwana Soelaiman, Isa Naina Mohamed, Suraya Ibrahim, Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah

Published in: Archives of Osteoporosis | Issue 1-2/2012

Abstract

Summary

The influences of age, physical activity, and body anthropometry on calcaneal speed of sound are different among young adults, middle-aged, and elderly men.

Introduction

Quantitative ultrasound assessment of bone health status is much needed for developing countries in the screening of osteoporosis, but further studies on the factors that influence the quantitative ultrasound indices are required.

Objectives

The present study examined the influence of age, lifestyle factors, and body anthropometry on calcaneal speed of sound (SOS) in a group of Malaysian men of diverse age range.

Subjects and methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted, and data from 687 eligible males were used for analysis. They answered a detailed questionnaire on their physical activity status, and their anthropometric measurements were taken. Their calcaneal SOS values were evaluated using the CM-200 sonometer (Furuno, Nishinomiya City, Japan).

Results

Subjects with higher body mass index (BMI) had higher calcaneal SOS values albeit significant difference was only found in the elderly subjects (p < 0.05). Sedentary subjects had lower calcaneal SOS values than physically active subjects, but significant difference was only found in the middle-aged subjects (p < 0.05). Calcaneal SOS was significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with age in young men; height, BMI, and physical activity score in middle-aged men; height and physical activity score in elderly men; and age and physical activity score for overall subjects. In a multivariate regression model, significant (p < 0.05) predictors for calcaneal SOS included age for young men; physical activity, BMI, body fat percentage, and height for middle-aged men; height for elderly men; and age, height, physical activity, weight, and body fat percentage for overall subjects.

Conclusion

Age, body anthropometry, and physical activity level have significant effects on the calcaneal SOS value in men.

Laugier P (2004) An overview of bone sonometry. Int Congr 1274:23–32CrossRef

World-Health-Organization (1994) Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis: report of a World Health Organization Study Group. In WHO Technical Report Series No 843. World Health Organization, Geneva

Cortet B, Boutry N, Dubois P, Legroux-Gérot I, Cotten A, Marchandise X (2003) Does quantitative ultrasound of bone reflect more bone mineral density than bone microarchitecture? Calcif Tissue Int 74:60–67PubMedCrossRef

Töyräs J, Nieminen MT, Kröger H, Jurvelin JS (2002) Bone mineral density, ultrasound velocity, and broadband attenuation predict mechanical properties of trabecular bone differently. Bone 31:503–507PubMedCrossRef

Moayyeri A, Adams J, Adler R, Krieg MA, Hans D, Compston J, Lewiecki E (2012) Quantitative ultrasound of the heel and fracture risk assessment: an updated meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 23:143–153PubMedCrossRef

Krieg M-A, Barkmann R, Gonnelli S et al (2008) Quantitative ultrasound in the management of osteoporosis: the 2007 ISDN official positions. J Clin Densitom 11:163–187PubMedCrossRef

Frost ML, Blake GM, Fogelman I (2001) Quantitative ultrasound and bone mineral density are equally strongly associated with risk factors for osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 16:406–416PubMedCrossRef

Chin KY, Ima-Nirwana S, Isa Naina M, Norazlina M, Ahmad Nazrun S, Norliza M, Faizah O, Farihah HS, Elvy Suhana MR, Wan Zurinah WN (2012) Calcaneal quantitative ultrasound value for middle-aged and elderly Malaysian Chinese men and its association with age and body anthropometry. J Clin Densitom 15:86–91PubMedCrossRef

Liu W, Xu CL, Zhu ZQ, Wang W, Han SM, Zu SY, Zhu GJ (2006) Characteristics of calcaneus quantitative ultrasound normative data in Chinese mainland men and women. Osteoporos Int 17:1216–1224PubMedCrossRef

10.

VanderJagt DJ, Damiani LA, Goodman TM, Ujah IOA, Obadofin MO, Imade GE, Shatima DR, Glew RH (2004) Assessment of the skeletal health of healthy Nigerian men and women using quantitative ultrasound. Bone 35:387–394PubMedCrossRef

11.

Glauber HS, Vollmer WM, Nevitt MC, Ensrud KE, Orwoll ES (1995) Body weight versus body fat distribution, adiposity, and frame size as predictors of bone density. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 80:1118–1123CrossRef

12.

Zhu ZQ, Liu W, Xu CL, Han SM, Zu SY, Zhu GJ (2008) Reference data for quantitative ultrasound values of calcaneus in 2927 healthy Chinese men. J Bone Miner Metab 26:165–171PubMedCrossRef

13.

Brahm H, Ström H, Piehl-Aulin K, Mallmin H, Ljunghall S (1997) Bone metabolism in endurance trained athletes: a comparison to population-based controls based on DXA, SXA, quantitative ultrasound, and biochemical markers. Calcif Tissue Int 61:448–454PubMedCrossRef

14.

Yung PS, Lai YM, Tung PY, Tsui HT, Wong CK, Hung VWY, Qin L (2005) Effects of weight bearing and non-weight bearing exercises on bone properties using calcaneal quantitative ultrasound. Br J Sports Med 39:547–551PubMedCrossRef

15.

Blanchet C, Giguère Y, Prud’homme D, Turcot-Lemay L, Dumont M, Leduc G, Côte S, Laflamme N, Rousseau F, Dodin S (2003) Leisure physical activity is associated with quantitative ultrasound measurements independently of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 73:339–349PubMedCrossRef

16.

Wosk J, Voloshin A (1981) Wave attenuation in skeletons of young healthy persons. J Biomech 14:261–267PubMedCrossRef

17.

Babaroutsi E, Magkos F, Manios Y, Sidossis LS (2005) Body mass index, calcium intake, and physical activity affect calcaneal ultrasound in healthy Greek males in an age-dependent and parameter-specific manner. J Bone Miner Metab 23:157–166PubMedCrossRef

18.

Wong P, Christie J, Wark J (2007) The effects of smoking on bone health. Clin Sci 113:233–241PubMedCrossRef

19.

Hien VTT, Khan NC, Lam NT, Mai LB, Le DN, Nhung BT, Nakamori M, Kunii D, Sakai T, Yamamoto S (2005) Determining the prevalence of osteoporosis and related factors using quantitative ultrasound in Vietnamese adult women. Am J Epidemiol 191:824–830CrossRef

20.

Tseng Y-H, Huang K-C, Liu M-L, Shu W-T, Sheu WH-H (2009) Association between metabolic syndrome (MS) and bone mineral loss: a cross-sectional study in Puli Township in Taiwan. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 49:37–40CrossRef

21.

Miura S, Saavedra OL, Yamamoto S (2008) Osteoporosis in urban post-menopausal women of the Philippines: prevalence and risk factors. Arch Osteoporos 3:17–24CrossRef

22.

World-Health-Organization Definition of an older or elderly person. Available at http://www.who.int/healthinfo/survey/ageingdefnolder/en/index.html. Accessed 29 Dec 2011

23.

Karim NA, Kather HM (2003) Nutritional status and food habits of middle-aged adults in selected areas of Selangor. Mal J Nutr 9:125–136

24.

Pon L, Noor-Aini M, Ong F, Adeeb N, Seri S, Shamsuddin K, Mohamed A, Hapizah N, Mokhtar A, Wan H (2006) Diet, nutritional knowledge and health status of urban middle-aged Malaysian women. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 15(3):388–99PubMed

25.

Rampal L, Rampal S, Khor GL, Zain AM, Ooyub SB, Rahmat RB, Ghani SN, Krishnan J (2007) A national study on the prevalence of obesity among 16,127 Malaysians. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 16:561–566PubMed

26.

Li N, Ou P, Zhu H, Yang D, Zheng P (2002) Prevalence rate of osteoporosis in the mid-aged and elderly in selected parts of China. Chin Med J 115:773–775PubMed

27.

Ko GTC, Tang J, Chan JCN, Sung R, Wu MMF, Wai HPS, Chen R (2001) Lower BMI cut-off value to define obesity in Hong Kong Chinese: an analysis based on body fat assessment by bioelectrical impedance. Br J Nutr 85:239–242PubMedCrossRef

28.

Moy FM, Atiya AS (2003) Waist circumference as a screening tool for weight management: evaluation using receiver operating characteristic curves for Malay subjects. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 15:99–104

29.

Matsuzawa Y, Inoue S, Ikeda Y (2000) New diagnostic criteria for obesity and obesity criteria. J Jpn Soc Study Obes 6:18–28

30.

The-IPAQ-Group International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Available at https://sites.google.com/site/theipaq/home Accessed 29-12-2011

31.

Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjostrom M et al (2003) International Physical Activity Questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35:1381–1395PubMedCrossRef

32.

Narayanan A (2006) Translation of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) into Malay and gauging its reliability and potential for use with a pilot study. Physiotherapy August:10-19

33.

Guglielmi G, de Terlizzi F (2009) Quantitative ultrasond in the assessment of osteoporosis. Eur J Radiol 71:425–431PubMedCrossRef

34.

Kishimoto H, Yoh K, Ohta H, Gorai I, Hashimoto J, Nakatsuka K, Yoshimoto Y, Makita K (2003) Normative data and cut-off values determined using quantitative ultrasound CM-100 in Japanese women. Osteoporos Japan 11:129–132

35.

Pluskiewicz W, Drozdzowska B (1999) Ultrasonic measurement of the calcaneus in Polish normal and osteoporotic women and men. Bone 24:611–617PubMedCrossRef

36.

van Daele PL, Burger H, De Laet CE, Hofman A, Grobbee DE, Birkenhager JC, Pols HA (1997) Longitudinal changes in ultrasound parameters of the calcaneus. Osteoporos Int 7:207–212PubMedCrossRef

37.

Riggs BL, Khosla S, Melton LJ 3rd (2002) Sex steroids and the construction and conservation of the adult skeleton. Endocr Rev 23:279–302PubMedCrossRef

38.

Scholtissen S, Guillemin F, Bruyere O et al (2009) Assessment of determinants for osteoporosis in elderly men. Osteoporos Int 20:1157–1166PubMedCrossRef

39.

Ilich JZ, Kerstetter JE (2000) Nutrition in bone health revisited: a story beyond calcium. J Am Coll Nutr 19:715–737PubMed

40.

Hsu Y-H, Venners SA, Terwedow HA et al (2006) Relation of body composition, fat mass, and serum lipids to osteoporotic fractures and bone mineral density in Chinese men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 83:146–154PubMed

41.

Parhami F, Morrow AD, Balucan J, Leitinger N, Watson AD, Tintut Y, Berliner JA, Demer LL (1997) Lipid oxidation products have opposite effects on calcifying vascular cell and bone cell differentiation: a possible explanation for the paradox of arterial calcification in osteoporotic patients. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 17:680–687PubMedCrossRef

42.

Landin-Wilhelmsen K, Johansson S, Rosengren A, Dotevall A, Lappas G, Bengtsson BÅ, Wilhelmsen L (2000) Calcaneal ultrasound measurements are determined by age and physical activity. Studies in two Swedish random population samples. J Intern Med 247:269–278PubMedCrossRef

43.

Chappard C, Camus E, Lefebvre F, Guillot G, Bittoun J, Berger G, Laugier P (2000) Evaluation of error bounds on calcaneal speed of sound caused by surrounding soft tissue. J Clin Densitom 3:121–131PubMedCrossRef

44.

Zhu Z-Q, Liu W, Xu C-L, Han S-M, Zu S-Y, Zhu G-J (2008) Reference data for quantitative ultrasound values of calcaneus in 2927 healthy Chinese men. J Bone Miner Metabol 26:167–171CrossRef

45.

Lanyon LE (1996) Using functional loading to influence bone mass and architecture: objectives, mechanisms, and relationship with estrogen of the mechanically adaptive process in bone. Bone 18:37S–43SPubMedCrossRef

46.

Karlsson MK, Magnusson H, Karlsson C, Seeman E (2001) The duration of exercise as a regulator of bone mass. Bone 28:128–132PubMedCrossRef

47.

Jutberger H, Lorentzon M, Barrett-Connor E et al (2010) Smoking predicts incident fractures in elderly men: Mr OS Sweden. J Bone Miner Res 25:1010–1016PubMed

48.

Bernaards CM, Twisk JW, Snel J, van Mechelen W, Lips P, Kemper HC (2004) Smoking and quantitative ultrasound parameters in the calcaneus in 36-year-old men and women. Osteoporos Int 15:735–741PubMedCrossRef

49.

Pye SR, Devakumar V, Boonen S et al (2010) Influence of lifestyle factors on quantitative heel ultrasound measurements in middle-aged and elderly men. Calcif Tissue Int 86(3):211–219PubMedCrossRef

50.

Krall EA, Dawson-Hughes B (1999) Smoking increases bone loss and decreases intestinal calcium absorption. J Bone Miner Res 14:215–220PubMedCrossRef

51.

Hapidin H, Othman F, Soelaiman I, Shuid A, Mohamed N (2007) Nicotine impaired bone histomorphometric parameters and bone remodeling biomarkers in Sprague-Dawley male rats. J Ann Microsc 7:10–24

52.

Hapidin H, Othman F, Soelaiman I, Shuid A, Mohamed N (2011) Effects of nicotine administration and nicotine cessation on bone histomorphometry and bone biomarkers in Sprague–Dawley male rats. Calcif Tissue Int 88:41–47PubMedCrossRef

53.

Hapidin H, Othman F, Soelaiman I-N, Shuid AN, Luke DA, Mohamed N (2007) Negative effects of nicotine on bone-resorbing cytokines and bone histomorphometric parameters in male rats. J Bone Miner Metabol 25:93–98CrossRef

54.

Kuchuk NO, Pluijm SMF, van Schoor NM, Looman CWN, Smit JH, Lips P (2009) Relationships of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D to bone mineral density and serum parathyroid hormone and markers of bone turnover in older persons. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 94:1244–1250CrossRef

55.

Rahman S, Chee W, Yassin Z, Chan S (2004) Vitamin D status among postmenopausal Malaysian women. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 13:255–260PubMed

56.

Moy F-M, Bulgiba A (2011) High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and its association with obesity and metabolic syndrome among Malay adults in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. BMC Publ Health 11:735CrossRef

Title: The effects of age, physical activity level, and body anthropometry on calcaneal speed of sound value in men
Authors: Kok-Yong Chin
Ima-Nirwana Soelaiman
Isa Naina Mohamed
Suraya Ibrahim
Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah
Publication date: 01-12-2012
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: Archives of Osteoporosis / Issue 1-2/2012
Print ISSN: 1862-3522
Electronic ISSN: 1862-3514
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-012-0091-2

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

The effects of age, physical activity level, and body anthropometry on calcaneal speed of sound value in men

Abstract

Summary

Introduction

Objectives

Subjects and methods

Results

Conclusion

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Summary

Introduction

Objectives

Subjects and methods

Results

Conclusion

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1-2/2012

Functional fitness and bone mineral density in the elderly

Phalangeal bone mineral density predicts incident fractures: a prospective cohort study on men and women—results from the Danish Health Examination Survey 2007–2008 (DANHES 2007–2008)

A study of bone mineral density and prevalence of osteoporosis in Chinese people of Han nationality from Changchun

Reasons for referral to bone densitometry in men and women aged 20–49 years: population-based data

Japanese 2011 guidelines for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis—executive summary

Erratum to: The prevalence of recognized contributors to secondary osteoporosis in South East Asian men and post-menopausal women. Are Z score diagnostic thresholds useful predictors of their presence?