Published in:
Open Access
01-06-2015 | Research Article
Characterization and Evaluation of the Artemis Camera for Fluorescence-Guided Cancer Surgery
Authors:
P. B. A. A. van Driel, M. van de Giessen, M. C. Boonstra, T. J. A. Snoeks, S. Keereweer, S. Oliveira, C. J. H. van de Velde, B. P. F. Lelieveldt, A. L. Vahrmeijer, C. W. G. M. Löwik, J. Dijkstra
Published in:
Molecular Imaging and Biology
|
Issue 3/2015
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Abstract
Purpose
Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging can provide the surgeon with real-time visualization of, e.g., tumor margins and lymph nodes. We describe and evaluate the Artemis, a novel, handheld NIR fluorescence camera.
Procedures
We evaluated minimal detectable cell numbers (FaDu-luc2, 7D12-IRDye 800CW), preclinical intraoperative detection of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) using indocyanine green (ICG), and of orthotopic tongue tumors using 7D12-800CW. Results were compared with the Pearl imager. Clinically, three patients with liver metastases were imaged using ICG.
Results
Minimum detectable cell counts for Artemis and Pearl were 2 × 105 and 4 × 104 cells, respectively. In vivo, seven SLNs were detected in four mice with both cameras. Orthotopic OSC-19-luc2-cGFP tongue tumors were clearly identifiable, and a minimum FaDu-luc2 tumor size of 1 mm3 could be identified. Six human malignant lesions were identified during three liver surgery procedures.
Conclusions
Based on this study, the Artemis system has demonstrated its utility in fluorescence-guided cancer surgery.