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International Urology and Nephrology
Published in: International Urology and Nephrology 5/2018

01-05-2018 | Urology - Review

Prevalence, pathophysiological mechanisms and factors affecting urolithiasis

Author: Aslam Khan

Published in: International Urology and Nephrology | Issue 5/2018

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Abstract

The formation of urinary stone, urolithiasis, is one the oldest known disease affecting human throughout different civilizations and times. The exact pathophysiological mechanism of urolithiasis is not yet clear, as these calculi are of various types and too complex for simple understanding. A single theory cannot explain its formation; therefore, different theories are presented in various times for its explanation like free particle, fixed particle, Randall’s plaque theory. In addition, various factors and components are identified that play an important role in the formation of these urinary calculi. In this review, composition of kidney stones, its prevalence/incidence, explanation of pathophysiological mechanisms and role of various factors; urinary pH, uric acid, parathyroid hormone, citrate, oxalate, calcium and macromolecules; osteopontin, matrix Gla protein, kidney injury molecules, urinary prothrombin fragment-1, Tamm–Horsfall protein, inter-α-inhibitors, have been discussed in detail.
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Metadata
Title
Prevalence, pathophysiological mechanisms and factors affecting urolithiasis
Author
Aslam Khan
Publication date
01-05-2018
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
International Urology and Nephrology / Issue 5/2018
Print ISSN: 0301-1623
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2584
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-018-1849-2

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