Top

Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

Published in:

01-09-2013

Mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome: An updated systematic review

Authors: Katherine Esposito, Christina-Maria Kastorini, Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos, Dario Giugliano

Published in: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders | Issue 3/2013

Abstract

The metabolic syndrome is a health condition characterized by abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure and impaired glucose tolerance, with increasing prevalence. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet seems to exert beneficial effects regarding the metabolic syndrome prevalence and progression. Thus, we performed an updated systematic review of studies which have evaluated the effect of the Mediterranean dietary pattern on the metabolic syndrome. This was a systematic review of epidemiological observational studies and clinical trials. English language publications in the databases PubMed, Embase, Scopus, until May 31, 2013, were included in this review. New evidence from prospective cohort studies, cross-sectional studies and clinical trials supports the beneficial role of adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern regarding metabolic syndrome presence and progression. Considering the magnitude of metabolic syndrome, efforts should be made to encourage adoption of this pattern in Mediterranean countries and similar dietary pattern in countries where metabolic syndrome is prevalent.

Lorenzo C, Williams K, Hunt KJ, Haffner SM. The National Cholesterol Education Program - Adult Treatment Panel III, International Diabetes Federation, and World Health Organization definitions of the metabolic syndrome as predictors of incident cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:8–13.PubMedCrossRef

Esposito K, Chiodini P, Colao A, Lenzi A, Giugliano D. Metabolic syndrome and risk of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2012;35:2402–11.PubMedCrossRef

Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, Donato KA, et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation. 2009;120(16):1640–5.PubMedCrossRef

Anagnostis P. Metabolic syndrome in the Mediterranean region: Current status. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012;16(1):72–80.PubMedCrossRef

Day C. Metabolic syndrome, or What you will: definitions and epidemiology. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2007;4(1):32–8.PubMedCrossRef

Athyros VG, Ganotakis ES, Tziomalos K, Papageorgiou AA, Anagnostis P, Griva T, et al. Comparison of four definitions of the metabolic syndrome in a Greek (Mediterranean) population. Curr Med Res Opin. 2010;26(3):713–9.PubMedCrossRef

Pitsavos C, Panagiotakos D, Weinem M, Stefanadis C. Diet, exercise and the metabolic syndrome. Rev Diabet Stud. 2006;3:118–26.PubMedCrossRef

Kimokoti RW, Brown LS. Dietary management of the metabolic syndrome. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011;90(1):184–7.PubMedCrossRef

Visioli F. Nutritional support in the pharmacological treatment of metabolic syndrome. Eur J Pharmacol. 2011;668 Suppl 1:S43–9.PubMedCrossRef

10.

Bach-Faig A, Berry EM, Lairon D, Reguant J, Trichopoulou A, Dernini S, et al. Mediterranean Diet Foundation Expert Group. Mediterranean diet pyramid today. Science and cultural updates. Public Health Nutr. 2011;14(12A):2274–84.PubMedCrossRef

11.

Sofi, F., Macchi, C., Abbate, R., Gensini, GF., Casini, A. (2013). Mediterranean diet and health. Biofactors.

12.

Sofi F, Abbate R, Gensini GF, Casini A. Accruing evidence on benefits of adherence to the Mediterranean diet on health: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92(5):1189–96.PubMedCrossRef

13.

Kastorini CM, Milionis HJ, Ioannidi A, Kalantzi K, Nikolaou V, Vemmos KN, et al. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in relation to acute coronary syndrome or stroke nonfatal events: a comparative analysis of a case/case–control study. Am Heart J. 2011;162(4):717–24.PubMedCrossRef

14.

Trichopoulou A, Costacou T, Bamia C, Trichopoulos D. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and survival in a Greek population. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2599–608.PubMedCrossRef

15.

Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos CH, Chrysohoou CH, Stefanadis CH, Toutouzas P. The role of traditional mediterranean type of diet and lifestyle, in the development of acute coronary syndromes: preliminary results from CARDIO 2000 study. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2002;10:11–5.PubMedCrossRef

16.

Esposito K, Giugliano D. Mediterranean diet and the metabolic syndrome: the end of the beginning. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2010;8(3):197–200.PubMedCrossRef

17.

Esposito K, Ceriello A, Giugliano D. Diet and the metabolic syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2007;5(4):291–6.PubMedCrossRef

18.

Kastorini CM, Milionis HJ, Esposito K, Giugliano D, Goudevenos JA, Panagiotakos DB. The effect of Mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome and its components: a meta-analysis of 50 studies and 534,906 individuals. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57(11):1299–313.PubMedCrossRef

19.

Kastorini CM, Panagiotakos DB. The role of the Mediterranean diet on the development of the metabolic syndrome. Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2010;2:1320–33.CrossRef

20.

UNESCO (2010). Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. http://www.unesco.org/ culture/ich/en/RL/00394 (accessed May 2013).

21.

Tortosa A, Bes-Rastrollo M, Sanchez-Villegas A, Basterra-Gortari FJ, Nunez-Cordoba JM, Martinez-Gonzalez MA. Mediterranean diet inversely associated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome: the SUN prospective cohort. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:2957–9.PubMedCrossRef

22.

Rumawas ME, Dwyer JT, McKeown NM, Meigs JB, Rogers G, Jacques PF. The development of the Mediterranean-style dietary pattern score and its application to the American diet in the Framingham Offspring Cohort. J Nutr. 2009;139:1150–6.PubMedCrossRef

23.

Kesse-Guyot E, Ahluwalia N, Lassale C, Hercberg S, Fezeu L, Lairon D. Adherence to Mediterranean diet reduces the risk of metabolic syndrome: A 6-year prospective study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2013;23(7):677–83.PubMedCrossRef

24.

Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Chrysohoou C, Skoumas J, Tousoulis D, Toutouza M, et al. Impact of lifestyle habits on the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among Greek adults from the ATTICA study. Am Heart J. 2004;147:106–12.PubMedCrossRef

25.

Alvarez Leon EE, Henriquez P, Serra-Majem L. Mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study in the Canary Islands. Public Health Nutr. 2006;9:1089–98.PubMedCrossRef

26.

Babio N, Bullo M, Basora J, Martínez-González MA, Fernández-Ballart J, Márquez-Sandoval F, et al. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of metabolic syndrome and its components. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009;19(8):563–70.PubMedCrossRef

27.

Doupis J, Dimosthenopoulos C, Diamanti K, Perrea D, Katsilambros N, Makrilakis K. Metabolic syndrome and Mediterranean dietary pattern in a sample of young, male, Greek navy recruits. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009;19:e7–8.PubMedCrossRef

28.

Paletas K, Athanasiadou E, Sarigianni M, Paschos P, Kalogirou A, Hassapidou M, et al. The protective role of the Mediterranean diet on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a population of Greek obese subjects. J Am Coll Nutr. 2010;29(1):41–5.PubMedCrossRef

29.

Gouveri ET, Tzavara C, Drakopanagiotakis F, Tsaoussoglou M, Marakomichelakis GE, Tountas Y, et al. Mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome in an urban population: the Athens Study. Nutr Clin Pract. 2011;26(5):598–606.PubMedCrossRef

30.

Viscogliosi G, Cipriani E, Liguori ML, Marigliano B, Saliola M, Ettorre E, et al. Mediterranean dietary pattern adherence: associations with prediabetes, metabolic syndrome, and related microinflammation. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2013;11(3):210–6.PubMedCrossRef

31.

Esposito K, Marfella R, Ciotola M, Di Palo C, Giugliano F, Giugliano G, et al. Effect of a mediterranean-style diet on endothelial dysfunction and markers of vascular inflammation in the metabolic syndrome: a randomized trial. Jama. 2004;292:1440–6.PubMedCrossRef

32.

Salas-Salvado J, Fernandez-Ballart J, Ros E, Martínez-González MA, Fitó M, Estruch R, et al. Effect of a Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts on metabolic syndrome status: one-year results of the PREDIMED randomized trial. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:2449–58.PubMedCrossRef

33.

Fappa E, Yannakoulia M, Ioannidou M, Skoumas Y, Pitsavos C, Stefanadis C. Telephone counseling intervention improves dietary habits and metabolic parameters of patients with the metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Rev Diabet Stud. 2012;9(1):36–45.PubMedCrossRef

34.

Mitjavila MT, Fandos M, Salas-Salvadó J, Covas MI, Borrego S, Estruch R, et al. The Mediterranean diet improves the systemic lipid and DNA oxidative damage in metabolic syndrome individuals. A randomized, controlled, trial. Clin Nutr. 2013;32(2):172–8.PubMedCrossRef

35.

Grundy SM, Brewer Jr HB, Cleeman JI, Smith Jr SC, Lenfant C, American Heart Association, et al. Definition of metabolic syndrome: Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation. 2004;109(3):433–8.PubMedCrossRef

36.

The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome. (2006). (http://www.idf.org/webdata/docs/MetS_def_update2006.pdf) Accessed June 2013.

37.

Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Stefanadis C. Dietary patterns: a Mediterranean diet score and its relation to clinical and biological markers of cardiovascular disease risk. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2006;16:559–68.PubMedCrossRef

38.

Issa C, Darmon N, Salameh P, Maillot M, Batal M, Lairon D. A Mediterranean diet pattern with low consumption of liquid sweets and refined cereals is negatively associated with adiposity in adults from rural Lebanon. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011;35(2):251–8.CrossRef

39.

Martínez-González MA, García-Arellano A, Toledo E, Salas-Salvadó J, Buil-Cosiales P, Corella D, et al. A 14-item Mediterranean diet assessment tool and obesity indexes among high-risk subjects: the PREDIMED trial. PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e43134.PubMedCrossRef

40.

Kourlaba G, Panagiotakos DB. Dietary quality indices and human health: a review. Maturitas. 2009;62(1):1–8.PubMedCrossRef

Title: Mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome: An updated systematic review
Authors: Katherine Esposito
Christina-Maria Kastorini
Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos
Dario Giugliano
Publication date: 01-09-2013
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders / Issue 3/2013
Print ISSN: 1389-9155
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2606
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-013-9253-9

Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Reserve your place

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin

Prof. Florian Limbourg

Prof. Anoop Chauhan

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 3/2013

Nutrition & metabolic syndrome

Tackling metabolic syndrome by functional foods

Seaweeds as potential therapeutic interventions for the metabolic syndrome

Dietary strategies to reduce metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome and associated chronic kidney diseases: Nutritional interventions

The major European dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

At a glance: The STEP trials